胸腔镜辅助小切口开胸术与全胸腔镜手术治疗自发性气胸的比较

目的 比较胸腔镜辅助小切口开胸术(VAMT)和全胸腔镜手术(VATS)治疗自发性气胸的疗效.方法 132例患者按手术方式分为VAMT组(n=79)和VATS组(n=53),疗效评价指标包括手术时间、术中出血、术后疼痛评分、术后引流时间、术后住院时间、手术费用、术后并发症与复发率.结果 患者均治愈,与VATS组相比,VAMT组手术时间短、术后住院时间长、手术费用少(P＜0.05);术中出血、术后疼痛评分、术后引流时间、术后并发症与复发率差异无显著性(P＞0.05).结论 VAMT治疗自发性气胸的疗效和VATS相同,但比VATS手术时间短、手术费用少,利于在基层医院普及.     

电视胸腔镜与开胸手术治疗复发性自发性气胸的疗效观察及护理

目的 对比分析电视胸腔镜手术(VATS)与开胸手术治疗复发性自发性气胸的疗效观察及围手术期的护理经验.方法 将124例复发性自发性气胸患者按手术方式不同分为两组,VATS组(n=73):采用VATS治疗;对照组(n=51):采用常规开胸手术.比较两种术式的复发率、手术时间、住院时间、术后胸痛等,术后密切观察患者生命体征、胸腔引流液的颜色、性质、量及漏气的情况及呼吸道的管理.结果 两组均无死亡.随访12～54个月,VATS组术后3个月内气胸复发5例,行开胸治疗4例,对照组术后3个月复发3例,经再次手术治疗治愈.结论 VATS治疗复发性自发性气胸复发率与开胸手术相近,但患者住院时间短、创伤小、美观、近、远期疗效均较好.     

电视胸腔镜手术与开胸手术治疗自发性气胸的比较

目的：比较电视胸腔镜手术（VATS）及开胸手术（TH）治疗自发气胸的手术适应证、手术时间、围手术期出血量及输血量，术后胸管放置时间及住院时间、复发率等。方法：对1997年6月－2000年1月期间所行VATS22例及TH20例结果进行比较。结果：VATS组手术时间、胸管放置时间及住院时间均较TH组明显缩短，围手期出血量明显少于TH组，仅1例术后输血200ml，两组均无并发症、死亡及术后复发，结：电视胸腔镜手术创伤小、出血少、手术时间短、对心肺功能影响小，术后恢复快，为原发性自发性气胸，尤其是复发性，双侧性首选治疗，继发性自发性气胸应选用开胸手术。     

创伤后积留血胸未引流与胸腔引流后经胸腔镜手术比较

目的比较创伤后积留血胸直接经胸腔镜手术与经胸腔闭式引流术后胸腔镜手术疗效分析。方法回顾分析该院5年来直接经VATS治疗外伤后积留血胸(胸腔镜组58例)与放置胸管后再行胸腔镜手术患者(胸管组71例)的手术时间、术中出血量、术后胸腔闭式引流管放置时间、术后肺不张发生率、平均住院时间。结果两组患者均手术成功,胸腔镜组手术时间较胸管组短(P<0.01)、辅助切口例数较胸管组少(P<0.05),胸腔镜组术中出血量较胸管组少(P<0.01),术后胸腔闭式引流管放置时间较胸管组短(P<0.01),胸腔镜组术后肺不张发生率较胸管组少(P<0.05),平均住院时间较胸管组短(P<0.01)。结论积留血胸直接经胸腔镜手术创伤小,恢复快,术后并发症少,缩短住院时间。     

全电视胸腔镜与传统开胸手术行肺叶切除的比较研究

【目的】对比全胸腔镜下肺叶切除术与传统肺叶切除术患者的相关临床指标,探讨胸腔镜手术治疗可行性及应用价值。【方法】分析实行全胸腔镜下及传统肺叶切除术的肺癌患者共为176例,施行全胸腔镜下肺叶切除术95例,传统肺叶切除术81例,对比两组的手术时间、术中出血量、淋巴结清扫枚数、术后疼痛、胸腔引流时间、住院时间、手术费用、术后并发症、术后肿瘤转移复发等有无差异。【结果】VATS组手术时间、胸管引流时间较传统组差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;与传统组相比,VATS组术后疼痛明显减轻、住院时间减少、出血量明显减少;两组均无死亡。【结论】VATS行肺癌根治术具有微创、安全、恢复快、并发症少等优点,可以作为早期肺癌外科治疗的一种方案。’     

电视胸腔镜手术与开胸手术治疗自发性气胸的比较

目的 :比较电视胸腔镜手术 (VATS)及开胸手术 (TH)治疗自发性气胸的手术适应证、手术时间 ,围手术期出血量及输血量 ,术后胸管放置时间及住院时间、复发率等。方法 :对 1997年 6月～ 2 0 0 0年 1月期间所行VATS2 2例及TH2 0例结果进行比较。结果 :VATS组手术时间、胸管放置时间及住院时间均较TH组明显缩短 ,围手术期出血量明显少于TH组 ,仅 1例术后输血 2 0 0ml,两组均无并发症、死亡及术后复发。结论 :电视胸腔镜手术创伤小、出血少、手术时间短 ,对心肺功能影响小 ,术后恢复快 ,为原发性自发性气胸 ,尤其是复发性、双侧性者首选治疗 ,继发性自发性气胸应选用开胸手术。     

单孔胸腔镜手术与电视胸腔镜手术治疗非小细胞肺癌的疗效比较

目的比较单孔胸腔镜手术(single-port video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery,SPVATS)与电视胸腔镜手术(video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery,VATS)治疗非小细胞肺癌的临床疗效。方法将51例非小细胞肺癌患者按不同的手术方式分为观察组(26例)和对照组(25例)。观察组采用SPVATS术,对照组采用VATS术。观察2组手术时间、术中出血量,淋巴结清扫的组数、个数和术后8、24、72h疼痛评分,胸腔引流时间、术后住院时间、术后并发症及住院费用。结果 2组均顺利完成手术,无中转开胸、无死亡及严重并发症的发生。2组淋巴结清扫的组数、个数和胸腔引流时间、术后住院时间、住院费用比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与对照组比较,观察组手术时间短,术中出血量少,术后8、24、72h疼痛评分均降低(均P<0.05)。2组术后并发症发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 SPVATS与VATS治疗非小细胞肺癌近期疗效相当,但SPVATS可减少术中出血量,减轻术后患者的疼痛。     

达芬奇机器人和传统胸腔镜手术治疗肺部疾病的疗效

目的 评价达芬奇机器人手术（robot assisted thoracic surgery, RATS）和胸腔镜手术（video assisted thoracic surgery, VATS）治疗肺部疾病的疗效。方法 对收治的218例行达芬奇机器人和传统胸腔镜手术诊治肺部疾病的临床资料进行回顾性分析。患者自愿选择手术方式,其中RATS组98例,VATS组120例。结果 RATS组手术时间较VATS组长（P<0.01）,手术费用（P<0.05)和住院总花费（P<0.01）较VATS组多。RATS组术中失血量更少（P<0.01）,术后住院时间更短（P<0.05）。两组在中转开胸手术、总引流量、术后引流时间差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。肺癌患者中RATS组术后住院时间更短（P<0.01）,住院总花费更高（P<0.01）。非肺癌患者RATS组手术时间更长（P<0.01）,住院总花费更高（P<0.01）;RATS组术中失血量更少（P<0.05）,术后住院时间更短（P<0.05）。结论 达芬奇机器人辅助胸腔镜手术是安全有效的,其在术中出血量和术后住院时间具有明显的优势,而其他指标在机器人手术中无明显优势。     

单孔和传统胸腔镜手术治疗胸部良性疾病的效果对比

目的:通过观察单孔胸腔镜手术(u VATS)与传统胸腔镜手术(VATS)治疗胸部良性疾病的效果进行对比,为胸部良性疾病治疗方式的选择提供理论依据。方法:选取2015年4月~2016年3月在我院接受u VATS治疗的胸部良性疾病患者25例作为u VATS组,并收集同期在该科接受传统胸腔镜手术治疗的胸部良性疾病患者23例作为对照组,记录比较两组患者的手术时间、出血量、胸腔闭式引流时间、住院时间、严重并发症、疼痛评分等临床指标。结果:u VATS组胸腔闭式引流时间、住院时间、疼痛评分均少于对照组(P<0.05);两组手术时间、出血量、严重并发症比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:与传统胸腔镜手术治疗相比,单孔胸腔镜手术具有微创、安全可靠等显著优势,可以在临床上推广应用。     

电视胸腔镜食管癌切除术的疗效分析

目的:探讨电视胸腔镜(video-assisted thoracoscopic,VATS)食管癌切除术的疗效。方法:2012年1月—2013年10月行VATS食管癌切除术的20例患者,术前经病理检查确诊均为鳞癌,均行VATS下胸段食管游离及周围淋巴结清扫,游离胃,行食管-管状胃吻合。结果:20例患者手术均获成功,无围手术期病死;手术时间280~420 min,平均342 min;术中出血量150~350 mL;术后第1天胸腔引流量300~650 mL,平均450 mL;胸管放置时间4~10 d,平均6 d;术后住院时间12~37 d,平均18 d。手术共清扫淋巴结232枚,平均10.6枚。术后发生吻合口瘘1例,声音嘶哑1例,乳糜胸1例。结论:VATS食管癌切除术具有创伤小、恢复快、并发症少等优点,但应严格把握手术适应症。     

Migraine and genetic and acquired vasculopathies

It is remarkable that migraine is a prominent part of the phenotype of several genetic vasculopathies, including cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leucoencephalopathy (CADASIL), retinal vasculopathy with cerebral leukodystrophy (RVCL) and hereditary infantile hemiparessis, retinal arteriolar tortuosity and leukoencephalopahty (HIHRATL). The mechanisms by which these genetic vasculopathies give rise to migraine are still unclear. Common genetic susceptibility, increased susceptibility to cortical spreading depression (CSD) and vascular endothelial dysfunction are among the possible explanations. The relation between migraine and acquired vasculopathies such as ischaemic stroke and coronary heart disease has long been established, further supporting a role of the (cerebral) blood vessels in migraine. This review focuses on genetic and acquired vasculopathies associated with migraine. We speculate how genetic and acquired vascular mechanisms might be involved in migraine.     

Fibrinogen and fibrin structure and functions

Fibrinogen molecules are comprised of two sets of disulfide-bridged Aalpha-, Bbeta-, and gamma-chains. Each molecule contains two outer D domains connected to a central E domain by a coiled-coil segment. Fibrin is formed after thrombin cleavage of fibrinopeptide A (FPA) from fibrinogen Aalpha-chains, thus initiating fibrin polymerization. Double-stranded fibrils form through end-to-middle domain (D:E) associations, and concomitant lateral fibril associations and branching create a clot network. Fibrin assembly facilitates intermolecular antiparallel C-terminal alignment of gamma-chain pairs, which are then covalently 'cross-linked' by factor XIII ('plasma protransglutaminase') or XIIIa to form 'gamma-dimers'. In addition to its primary role of providing scaffolding for the intravascular thrombus and also accounting for important clot viscoelastic properties, fibrin(ogen) participates in other biologic functions involving unique binding sites, some of which become exposed as a consequence of fibrin formation. This review provides details about fibrinogen and fibrin structure, and correlates this information with biological functions that include: (i) suppression of plasma factor XIII-mediated cross-linking activity in blood by binding the factor XIII A2B2 complex. (ii) Non-substrate thrombin binding to fibrin, termed antithrombin I (AT-I), which down-regulates thrombin generation in clotting blood. (iii) Tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA)-stimulated plasminogen activation by fibrin that results from formation of a ternary tPA-plasminogen-fibrin complex. Binding of inhibitors such as alpha2-antiplasmin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-2, lipoprotein(a), or histidine-rich glycoprotein, impairs plasminogen activation. (iv) Enhanced interactions with the extracellular matrix by binding of fibronectin to fibrin(ogen). (v) Molecular and cellular interactions of fibrin beta15-42. This sequence binds to heparin and mediates platelet and endothelial cell spreading, fibroblast proliferation, and capillary tube formation. Interactions between beta15-42 and vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin, an endothelial cell receptor, also promote capillary tube formation and angiogenesis. These activities are enhanced by binding of growth factors like fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and cytokines like interleukin (IL)-1. (vi) Fibrinogen binding to the platelet alpha(IIb)beta3 receptor, which is important for incorporating platelets into a developing thrombus. (vii) Leukocyte binding to fibrin(ogen) via integrin alpha(M)beta2 (Mac-1), which is a high affinity receptor on stimulated monocytes and neutrophils.     

Telemedicine and teleradiology technologies and applications

Summary. Telemedicine and teleradiology hold the key for improving future health care delivery. In this paper we first review current communication and computer technologies used in telemedicine and teleradiology. Five examples in teleradiology applications are given including hospital-integrated picture archiving and communication systems, tele-neuro-imaging, telemammography, university consortium teleradiology service, and teleradiology for second opinion. Parameters important to teleradiology applications like costs, image quality, system reliability, and turn around time are considered. Data security is discussed, including patient confidentiality and image authenticity-which will be a major issue in future teleradiology applications.     

创伤高血糖与感染和MODS早期诊断和干预

本文详细介绍了创伤后血糖应激适度理论,以及高血糖与感染和多器官功能不全综合征的关系;提出涉及胰岛B细胞功能不全的MODS实验诊断新方案和极化液个体化干预新措施,可早期发现创伤MODS、降低感染率及MODS发生率和病死率。     

腹膜后纤维化与肾积水发生关系的临床研究

目的：探讨腹膜后纤维化（RPF）导致肾积水的原因及诊治经验。方法：回顾分析2004年1月—2010年12月24例腹膜后纤维化致肾积水患者的诊治资料。结果：（1）RPF患者常见首发症状为腰背痛或腹痛（69.2%）;（2）红细胞沉降率（ESR）增快和血清IgG4升高最常见。超声检查仅提示上尿路积水。RPF的静脉肾盂造影（IVP）和CT尿路成像（CTU）表现具有特征性。IVP肾盂输尿管显影不良时,CTU能较清晰的显示上尿路影像。CT扫描发现腹膜后软组织肿块9例（37.5%）,优于超声检查;（3）输尿管松解和腹腔化手术治疗22例;行肾切除术1例;行输尿管置双J管术1例。最终确诊为继发性RPF8例,其中4例为术前诊断,3例为术中腹膜后软组织肿块冷冻活检证实,1例为术后病理证实;（4）特发性RPF手术后肾积水均获长期缓解,而继发性RPF的预后取决于原发疾病及其治疗方案。结论：影像学检查是诊断RPF的重要手段,CTU优于超声检查和IVP。输尿管松解和腹腔化手术可以使特发性RPF输尿管梗阻得到长期的缓解,术中对肿块进行冷冻活检有助于鉴别特发性和继发性RPF,及时调整治疗方案。     

探讨儿童慢性顽固性咳嗽与支原体感染的关系及临床治疗观察

目的探讨儿童慢性顽固性咳嗽与肺炎支原体（MP）感染的关系及临床疗效观察。方法采用回顾性研究方法对于现将2005年3月至2008年3月在我院的55例确诊慢性顽固性咳嗽患儿,主要表现为肺炎支原体感染为临床特点进行分析,并进一步临床治疗研究。结果①临床特点：在55例确诊慢性咳嗽的患儿中,以慢性顽固性咳嗽为主要症状。58％（32／55）的病例无肺部体征;②外周血：85％（47／55）的病例外周血变化不大,WBC（4—10）×10 9／L之间,嗜酸性粒细胞增多;③特别检查：47．27％（26／55）肺炎支原体IgM（MP—IgM）抗体阳性,83．64％（46／55）PeR技术检测肺炎支原体特异性DNA;④X光报告为多种形式。结论肺炎支原体（MP）感染是引起儿童慢性顽固性咳嗽的病因之一,对儿童慢性咳嗽,特别是顽固性咳嗽的诊治中应更加重视。     

Acetaminophen and acetylcysteine dose and duration: Past,present and future

Abstract

Acetylcysteine has been utilized successfully in the treatment of acetaminophen overdose since the 1970s. Although prospective trials as to efficacy and safety of acetylcysteine were conducted, there were no randomized controlled trials. This commentary addresses the reasons for this, and the background to choice of dose of acetylcysteine utilized in the oral and IV dosing regimens. Nomograms to predict possible hepatotoxicity based upon time of ingestion of acetaminophen were developed from a relatively arbitrary definition of toxicity as an aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase (ALT/AST) greater than 1000 IU/L. While these have proved generally useful, patients still continue to develop hepatic damage after acetaminophen overdose, particularly if they present late after ingestion. The optimum management of these patients remains unclear, and one area of uncertainty is the dose and duration of acetylcysteine in various circumstances. This article discusses the issues that need to be elucidated to better target changes in acetylcysteine dose. The potential for measurements of other markers to improve treatment selection is the subject of further research.     

Physician and Nurse Practitioner Teamwork and Job Satisfaction: Gender and Profession

Designing interprofessional primary care teams composed of physicians and nurse practitioners (NPs) is a national priority. We assessed how profession and gender affect teamwork and job satisfaction among primary care physicians and NPs by using survey data from 186 physicians and 398 NPs practicing in New York State. Our regression models show profession (NP vs physician) moderates the associations of gender with teamwork and job satisfaction. Among NPs, men had higher job satisfaction than women. Among physicians, women had higher job satisfaction than men. Our results can benefit interprofessional primary care teams to optimize their professional and gender mix.