经食管超声心动图在二尖瓣成形术治疗中应用价值

目的:探讨经食管超声心动图在二尖瓣成形术治疗中的临床价值。方法:选取2015年1月~2016年8月我院心外科收治的30例风湿性二尖瓣关闭不全患者为研究对象,所有患者均行二尖瓣成形术,术前术后应用经食管三维超声心动图对瓣膜形态、腱索、瓣环等进行观察,并计算瓣环面积、瓣环周长和前后叶面积等二尖瓣三维结构参数,同时对手术成功情况进行评估。结果:患者的瓣环面积、瓣环周长、瓣叶面积、前叶面积、后叶面积、脱垂高度、脱垂容积和瓣叶非平面夹角等参数均较术前明显减小,前叶角度、后叶角度均较术前明显增大,差异均有统计学意义,P<0.05;30例患者中一次性二尖瓣手术成功者28例,成功率为93.3%,其余2例确定为术中3级反流后,改变手术方式采用二尖瓣人工瓣膜置换术进行了治疗。结论 :经食管超声心动图在二尖瓣成形术治疗中的临床价值极高,是评估二尖瓣成形术成功与否的重要依据。     

单纯先天性二尖瓣关闭不全的外科治疗效果分析

目的 探讨单纯先天性二尖瓣关闭不全的手术治疗方法.方法 回顾性分析15例行二尖瓣成形术单纯先天性二尖瓣关闭不全患者的临床资料,术前检查提示中度反流8例,重度反流7例;超声心动图检查提示瓣环有不同程度扩大.结果 术中证实15例二尖瓣瓣环均有扩大,11例存在瓣裂,其中前瓣瓣裂4例,后瓣瓣裂3例,4例前、后瓣均存在瓣裂,余4例中1例为瓣叶增厚瓣膜发育短小并脱垂致对合不良,1例存在副瓣致关闭不全,2例A2区无腱索附着致前瓣脱垂.15例均行瓣环环缩术,其中加用成形环2例,缝合瓣裂11例,2例行腱索转移,1例将副瓣与前瓣缝合折叠并环缩相应瓣环.无手术死亡病例;体外循环时间(80.3±19.7)min,主动脉阻断时间(50.9±16.6)min,ICU住院时间(10.5±192.0)h,术后住院时间(8.5±3.2)d;术后并发心包积液、一过性结性心律及低心排血量综合征各1例,均治愈;出院时超声提示二尖瓣无反流5例,轻微反流6例,轻度反流3例,中度反流1例;随访1.7～49.4个月,二尖瓣无反流6例,轻微反流6例,轻度反流2例,中度反流1例.结论 单纯先天性二尖瓣关闭不全多为二尖瓣瓣膜发育异常,及时行手术治疗效果良好;手术应根据病理改变采用个体化治疗方案.     

超声心动图对双孔成形术治疗二尖瓣前叶脱垂的评价

目的总结、探讨双孔成形技术治疗二尖瓣前叶脱垂手术效果的超声心动图经验。方法112例二尖瓣前叶脱垂的患者行双孔成形术,其中34例除双孔成形术外另加人工软环治疗。所有患者均在术前、术中、术后利用经胸和经食管超声心动图对二尖瓣口面积及返流情况进行评价。结果超声心动图检查术前平均瓣口面积(5.3±1.2)cm2,术后瓣口面积(3.0±0.8)cm2。术后复查双孔成形后的瓣膜活动良好,无瓣口狭窄;83例患者无明显返流,19例二尖瓣轻度返流,7例中度返流,只有3例重度返流的患者即刻行换瓣治疗。结论超声心动图是直观、准确、简便易行的无创影像学手段,在病例筛选、术中检测、术后评价具有重要的临床应用价值。     

体元模型动态三维重建超声显像在二尖瓣返流患者手术治疗中的应用

目的：本研究旨在采用体元（voxel)模型动态三维重建技术,以立体角度观察分析二尖瓣关闭不全患者二尖瓣的形态学特征,为手术方法的选择和术后疗效的评价提供依据。方法：研究对象为行二尖瓣成形术的病 列共15例。术中图像采集选用HPSonos2500多功能超声诊断仪和5MHz多平面食管探头,三维重建选用德国TOMTEC公司生产的ECHOSCAN计算机工作站,结果：上述患者术前前叶脱垂3例,后叶脱垂10例,前后叶均脱垂2例;其中合并腱索断裂9例,包括前叶腱索断裂2例,后叶腱索断裂7例。术后再次三维重建发现10例患者术后仅为二尖瓣轻微或轻度返流。5例患者术后出现轻中度返流,三维重建示3例轻度残余脱垂,2例对合不良,当即予以换瓣治疗。5例术后出现二尖瓣轻中度返流患者术前二尖瓣后叶脱垂合并广泛腱索断裂仅占1例,前叶脱垂合并腱索断裂占2例,前后叶均脱垂占2例其中1例合并腱索断裂,以二尖瓣前叶病变为主的二尖瓣重度返流的患者行二尖瓣成行术的疗铲远不如以二尖瓣后叶病变为主的二尖瓣关闭不全的患者（P<0.05)。结论：以二尖瓣前叶病变为主的重度二在瓣返流患者宜采用换瓣术。     

术中经食管超声评价儿童二尖瓣成形人工腱索植入的效果及临床价值北大核心CSCD

儿童二尖瓣脱垂多为先天性（腱索延长或断裂）,导致二尖瓣关闭不全,继发性左心增大、左心功能减低。我院行儿童二尖瓣成形人工腱索植入术治疗瓣叶脱垂,取得良好的效果。目前经食管超声（TEE）已成为二尖瓣成形术效果评价的常用方法,术后即刻观察二尖瓣反流量、人工腱索位置及活动情况,测量瓣叶对合高度及其他相关参数,因此,经TEE判断二尖瓣成形效果是较简捷和必要的手段。     

经食管动态三维重建超声显像在二尖瓣脱垂治疗中的应用

目的　探讨经食管动态三维重建超声的二尖瓣装置声像图特征及其在术中评估二尖瓣修复术后即时疗效的价值。方法　 3 3例行二尖瓣手术的患者 (16例瓣膜重建术患者和 17例瓣膜置换术患者 )于术前或术中予以三维超声重建 ,观察两组瓣膜脱垂的部位、范围 ,对瓣膜重建术患者行即时疗效评估 ,并明确残余反流机制。结果　瓣膜重建组 16例患者均为后叶脱垂 ,脱垂累及 2个段者 4例 ,脱垂平均面积(0 .80± 1.5 9)cm2 。换瓣组 17例患者中 ,单纯后叶脱垂 3例 ,脱垂累及 2个段者 13例 ,脱垂平均面积 (1.3 9± 0 .91)cm2 (P <0 .0 5 )。与二维超声显像比较 ,三维超声新发现腱索冗长 2例 ,二尖瓣前叶脱垂 4例。瓣膜修复术后即刻经食管彩色多普勒血流显像示 :无或轻微二尖瓣反流 10例 ,轻度反流 5例 ,轻中度反流 1例。 5例轻度二尖瓣反流的患者再次三维重建发现 3例瓣膜对合欠佳 ,2例存在后叶轻度残余脱垂而二维超声未能发现。结论　三维超声显像能很好地显示二尖瓣装置 ,尤其在精确定位二尖瓣脱垂的部位和测量其大小、范围上占有优势。     

术中经食管超声评价儿童二尖瓣成形人工腱索植入的效果及临床价值

儿童二尖瓣脱垂多为先天性(腱索延长或断裂),导致二尖瓣关闭不全,继发性左心增大、左心功能减低。我院行儿童二尖瓣成形人工腱索植入术治疗瓣叶脱垂,取得良好的效果。目前经食管超声(TEE)已成为二尖瓣成形术效果评价的常用方法[1],术后即刻观察二尖瓣反流量、人工腱索位置及活动情况,测量瓣叶对合高度及其他相关参数,因此,经 TEE 判断二尖瓣成形效果是较简捷和必要的手段。     

体元模型动态三维重建超声显像在二尖瓣返流患者手术治疗中的应用

目的：本研究旨在采用体元（voxel）模型动态三维重建技术,以立体角度观察分析二尖瓣关闭不全患者二尖瓣的形态学特征,为手术方法的选择和术后疗效的评价提供依据。方法：研究对象为行二尖瓣成形术的病例共15例。术中图象采集选用HPSonos2500多功能超声诊断仪和5MHz多平面食管探头,三维重建选用德国TOMTEC公司生产的ECHOSCAN计算机工作站。结果：上述患者术前前叶脱垂3例,后叶脱垂10例,前后叶均脱垂2例;其中合并位索断裂9例,包括前叶腺素断裂2例,后叶腱索断裂7例。术后再次三维重建发现10例患者术后仅为二尖瓣轻微或轻度返流。5例患者术后出现轻中度返流,三维重建示3例轻度残余脱垂,2例对合不良,当即予以换瓣治疗。5例术后出现二尖瓣轻中度返流患者术前二尖瓣后叶脱垂合并广泛腱索断裂仅占1例,前叶脱垂合并腱索断裂占2例,前后叶均脱垂占2例其中1例合并腱索断裂。以二尖瓣前叶病变为主的二尖瓣重度返流的患者行二尖瓣成行术的疗效远不如以二尖瓣后叶病变为主的二尖瓣关闭不全的患者（P＜0.05）。结论：以二尖瓣前叶病变为主的重度二尖瓣返而患者宜采用换瓣术。     

白塞病患者心脏瓣膜置换术的护理

总结1998年1月-2004年12月6例白塞病患者行心脏瓣膜置换术的护理体会。认为术前支持性的心理护理,能增加病人心理应急能力,完善术前各项准备是手术成功的前提;术前、术后合理运用肾上腺皮质激素是预防瓣周漏发生的关键;术后心功能的维护、呼吸道管理和康复指导是监护的重点。     

经皮二尖瓣球囊扩张术治疗风湿性二尖瓣狭窄的随访观察

目的:观察经皮二尖瓣球囊扩张术(PBMV)治疗风湿性二尖瓣狭窄的中远期疗效。方法:采用Inoue单球囊对150例风湿性二尖瓣狭窄患者行PBMV治疗,并进行了长期随访,随访时间12～96(46±22)月。结果:二尖瓣瓣口面积由0.98±0.16cm~2增至1.86±0.54cm~2,二尖瓣平均跨瓣压差由19.6±7.2mmHg降至10.3±5.6mmHg,10例出现明显再狭窄,其中6例再次行PB-MV术,4例行瓣膜置换术。结论:PBMV治疗风湿性二尖瓣狭窄的中远期效果良好,瓣下病变的严重程度将影响中远期疗效。     

胸腔镜下二尖瓣置换术的护理配合

目的总结胸腔镜下二尖瓣置换术的护理配合要点。方法 2011年7月-12月利用腔镜技术以肋间开胸方式对5例心脏疾患患者施行二尖瓣置换手术,术前充分准备和术中密切配合,确保了手术的顺利施行和完成。结果除1例患者因术中出血改为传统开胸手术外,其余4例均顺利完成手术。患者术中出血量平均约300 mL,术后平均引流量约100 mL,手术平均时间4 h,患者术后在监护室留观1 d后转入病房。结论腔镜二尖瓣置换术是一项值得推广的手术方式,护理人员要不断加强知识的学习和更新,以适应新术式发展对护理工作的挑战和要求。     

Mitral Valve Prolapse and Pre-Excitation

Two out of 118 patients with mitral valve prolapse were found to have pre-excitaiton. The presence of mitral valve prolapse in one patient with Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome and the persistence of prolapse in (he presence and absence of pre-excitation in another patient with intermittent type B Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome suggest that mitral valve prolapse in pre-excitation syndrome may not be secondary to the abnormal activation pattern of the left ventricle, which has been suggested as a possible mechanism by some investigators. (PACE, Vol. 5, September-October, 1982)     

Mid-systolic Click and Echocardiographic Evidence of Mitral Valve Prolapse During Electrical Pacing

A mid-systolic click was present in a patient during three years of follow-up after implantation of a permanent transvenous pacemaker. Echocardiography revealed posterior motion of the anterior leaflet which resembled mitral valve prolapse. Both the click and echocardiographic evidence of prolapse disappeared simultaneously with resumption of sinus rhythm and during supraventricular tachyarrhythmias. With spontaneous change in the position of the electrode three years after initial implantation, both the click and the posterior motion of the mitral valve disappeared. The association of mitral valve prolapse with electrical pacing is most unusual and appears to have a distinct pathophysiological mechanism. (PACE, Vol. 4, November-December, 1981)     

二尖瓣置换术后迟发型左心室破裂诊治分析

目的探讨二尖瓣置换术后左心室延迟破裂的原因及防治措施。方法对我院收治二尖瓣置换术后左心室迟发破裂的1例临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果本例因风湿性心脏病联合瓣膜病行主动脉瓣、二尖瓣置换及三尖瓣成形术,手术经过顺利,术后6h出现心包及纵隔引流管有大量血性引流液。患者被立即转运至手术,开胸探查证实为左心室Ⅲ型破裂,行修补术抢救成功,术后顺利出院。结论高龄、左心室偏小和体重较轻是二尖瓣置换术后左心室延迟破裂的危险因素,术中操作粗暴则增加了左心室破裂危险性。左心室延迟破裂一旦明确诊断应急诊手术修补,有可能挽救患者生命。     

AV Node Dysfunction in the Mitral Valve Prolapse Syndrome

The mitral valve prolapse syndrome is associated with a variety of atrial and ventricular arrhythmias. A portion of these patients manifest bradyarrhythmias, which in turn, may be the cause of lightheadedness and syncope. Thie study details the clinical and electrophysiologic characteristics of seven patients with symptomatic mitral valve prolapse and AV node dysfunction. The electrophysiology study demonstrated either a prolonged AH interval or abnormal response to atrial pacing in six of seven patients. A significant proportion of these patients had abnormalities of sinus node function and distal His-Purkinje conduction in addition to AV node dysfunction. AV node dysfunction in symptomatic patients with mitral valve prolapse may be secondary to autonomic dysfunction of diffuse conduction system disease.     

Delayed papillary muscle rupture after radiofrequency catheter ablation: A case report

BACKGROUNDWith an increased number of surgical procedures involving the mitral annular region, the risk of mitral valve prolapse (MVP) has also increased. Previous studies have reported that worsening of MVP occurred early after radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) at papillary muscles in ventricular tachycardia (VT) patients with preoperative MVP. CASE SUMMARYWe report a case where MVP and papillary muscle rupture occurred 2 wk after RFCA in a papillary muscle originated VT patient without mitral valve regurgitation or prolapse before. The patient then underwent mitral valve replacement with no premature ventricular contraction or VT. During the surgery, a papillary muscle rupture was identified. Pathological examination showed necrosis of the papillary muscle. The patient recovered after mitral valve replacement. CONCLUSIONToo many ablation procedures and energy should be avoided.     

Multiple organ failure after mitral valve repair with intravascular hemolysis and its recovery due to mitral valve replacement

We present a patient with evidence of severe intravascular hemolysis after mitral valve repair, an established method for the surgical treatment of mitral valve disease to avoid prosthesis related complications. The coincidence of this uncommon complication with hemodynamic instability due to pre-existing myocardial dysfunction and Gram-negative pneumonia promoted the development of simultaneous dysfunction of liver, kidney and the cardio-respiratory system. Elimination of the source of hemolysis by re-operation with mitral valve replacement on the ninth postoperative day allowed prompt recovery from severe organ dysfunction. Free hemoglobin may have perpetuated progressive organ failure in our patient.     

Monomorphic Right Ventricular Tachycardia in a Patient with Mitral Valve Prolapse

A patient with mitral valve prolapse and symptomatic ventricular ectopy underwent an electrophysiological study during which a sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia with a left bundle branch block/right axis deviation morphology was induced. This morphology was replicated by pace mapping at the right ventricular outflow tract. To the best of our knowledge, this finding has not been previously described and suggests that the association between ventricular arrhythmias and mitral valve prolapse may not necessarily be causal.     

小切口微创二尖瓣手术的临床研究

[目的]比较右前外侧小切口和传统正中开胸二尖瓣手术的临床结果.[方法]2009年10月至2011年5月,行微创二尖瓣手术46例(小切口组),选择同期传统正中开胸二尖瓣手术45例(正中切口组).比较两组手术情况、患者术后情况及围术期心功能变化.[结果]两组患者均无院内死亡、低心排综合征、呼吸系统及中枢神经系统并发症.小切...