月桂氮(艹卓)酮及电穿孔技术对萘普生经皮渗透的影响

目的研究月桂氮(艹卓)酮及电穿孔技术对萘普生经皮渗透的影响.方法应用双室扩散池方法研究促渗剂月桂氮(艹卓)酮及电穿孔技术对萘普生在离体大鼠腹部皮肤经皮渗透的影响.结果电穿孔(指数衰减型脉冲,脉冲幅度为380V,电容器电容为22μF,脉冲率为4pulses*min-1,脉冲宽度τ≈ 5.5ms,脉冲数 100个)、月桂氮(艹卓)酮预处理皮肤或两者合用均可显著促进萘普生的渗透速率和累积渗透量.两者合用的渗透速率与电穿孔或月桂氮(艹卓)酮预处理的渗透速率无显著差异.结论月桂氮(艹卓)酮预处理及电穿孔技术均能明显促进萘普生的经皮渗透,两者合用并无协同作用.     

水溶性月桂氮(艹/卓)酮对达克罗宁粘膜促渗作用的药效学研究

目的 :考察月桂氮艹卓 酮的粘膜促渗作用。方法 :以达克罗宁为模型药 ,用青蛙和蚯蚓试验法分别研究了月桂氮艹卓 酮对达克罗宁麻醉效果的影响。结果 :与不含月桂氮艹卓 酮的样品比较 ,体积分数为 1 %的月桂氮艹卓 酮能显著促进达克罗宁的粘膜渗透作用 (P <0 .0 1 ) ,短麻缩醉的潜伏期 ;用 0 .5%的月桂氮艹卓 酮作促渗剂 ,可使达克罗宁的麻醉作用效价强度提高 3倍。结论 :考察了月桂氮 艹卓 酮对达克罗宁粘膜促渗作用的影响 ,其结果为进一步研究月桂氮艹卓 酮在透皮给药系统方面的应用提供了有益的参考     

白头翁素凝胶剂的体外经皮渗透及小鼠抗炎试验

目的：设计白头翁素凝胶剂，考察不同浓度羟丙甲基纤维素（HMPC）及月桂氮[艹卓]酮对白头翁素体外经皮渗透的影响，观察优选处方的抗炎作用。方法：制备不同组分的白头翁素含醇凝胶剂，采用TK-6A型透皮扩散仪，用人皮进行体外渗透试验；用HPLC法测定各时间点接受室中药物浓度，求算经皮渗透的相关参数。用二甲苯使小鼠耳壳致肿，测定白头翁素凝胶剂对肿胀的抑制作用。结果：HPMC含醇凝胶剂作为基质时白头翁素经皮渗透速率1％HPMC〉3%HPMC〉5％HPMC；月桂氮[艹卓]酮对其有显著的透皮促进作用；含3％月桂氮[艹卓]酮的白头翁素1％HMPC凝胶剂可明显抑制二甲苯引起的耳壳肿胀。结论：白头翁素凝胶剂有望开发成为一种新型的中药抗炎经皮吸收制剂。     

电穿孔技术促进萘普生经皮渗透的研究

目的：研究电穿孔技术对小分子离子型药物经皮渗透的影响。方法：应用双室扩散池方法研究电穿孔技术对萘普生在离体大鼠腹部皮肤经皮渗透的影响。并与被动扩散和离子导入进行比较。结果：外加电脉冲（指数衰减型脉冲,脉冲幅度为４００Ｖ,电容器电容为２．２ｕＦ,脉冲率为２０ｐｕｌｓｅｓ．ｍｉｎ＾－１,脉冲宽度τ≈６．０ｍｓ）或离子导入（１ｍＡ．ｃｍ＾－２,６ｈ）时,萘普生的渗透速率和累积渗透量均大于被动扩散。外加脉     

萘普生前药及其经皮渗透特征

目的研究萘普生前药的经皮渗透性.方法合成萘普生酯作为萘普生的前药,考察这些前药的经皮渗透速率和在经皮渗透过程中被皮肤代谢的情况.结果合成了7个萘普生酯,其中萘普生薄荷酯的经皮渗透速率超过了萘普生的渗透速率,萘普生前药在经皮渗透过程中均能一定程度地被皮肤代谢.结论萘普生酯的酯基为8～10个碳链,有利于前药经皮渗透,在经皮渗透时脂溶性大的前药易被皮肤代谢.     

透皮促进剂对酮基布洛芬体外经皮渗透的影响

酮基布洛芬(KP)体外经皮渗透性实验研究表明,KP经皮渗透是一个零级速率过程。利用离体鼠皮为渗透屏障考察KP在月桂氮艹卓酮(AZ)、油酸(OA)、1-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮(2P)、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、月桂醇(LA)、丙二醇(PG)6种透皮促进剂作用下的透皮效果,发现这些透皮促进剂对KP透皮速率的影响有明显差别。其中油酸、月桂氮艹卓酮、1-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮和丙二醇可促进KP吸收透皮,促进强度依次为OA>AZ>2P>PG,并且两种透皮促进剂OA与AZ或2P合用有较好的协同作用,而DMF、月桂醇和高浓度丙二醇则阻滞KP经皮渗透。     

精油对5-氟脲嘧啶渗透大鼠皮肤的促进作用

以月桂氮艹卓酮为参照研究了桉叶油、薄荷油和松节油3种精油对5-氟脲嘧啶渗透大鼠皮肤的促进作用及其机理。3种精油均具有促渗效果,其中桉叶油的增渗约60倍,而薄荷油和松节油分别引起46倍和28倍的增加,通过蒸馏分级将桉叶油按沸点高低分为5个部分,随着沸点升高,促渗效果也提高。在真空条件下140℃时的组分增渗倍数为83倍,略低于月桂氮艹卓酮(89倍)。精油的促渗作用可能与改进药物在组织中的分配和改进药物在皮肤中的扩散有关,但以改善扩散为主。3种精油改善扩散的程度与月桂氮艹卓酮相近。高沸点的桉叶油组分有类似的促渗机理。     

月桂氮(艹卓)酮对13种中药的促进透皮吸收作用

目的:讨论月桂氮(艹卓)酮对13种中药的促透皮吸收作用.方法:采用仪器法测定药物在实验模型中的透皮吸收情况及其影响因素.结果:月桂氮(艹卓)酮对13种中药均有显著的促透皮吸收作用.结论:提示月桂氮(艹卓)酮对中药的促透皮吸收作用对中药经皮吸收制剂的开发研究具有重要意义.     

月桂氮(艹卓)酮对皮肤促透作用的研究近况

月桂氮(艹卓)酮(Azone)系一种新型皮肤渗透促进剂,具有促进渗透作用强,有效浓度低,性质稳定,毒性小,无臭等特点,在透皮吸收制剂中广泛应用,对提高制剂质量和局部治疗效果有较重要意义.现将其皮肤促透作用的研究近况综述如下:     

月桂氮酮和离子导入对非甾体抗炎药经皮渗透的协同作用

考察了离子导入和月桂氮酮预处理以及两法合用对４种非甾体抗炎药吡罗昔康、吲哚美辛、萘普生、双氯芬酸钠体外经皮渗透的促进作用。对４种药物的离子导入增渗倍数分别为３７．２、９．７、６．４和７．５，合用月桂氮酮增渗倍数分别增达９７．２、２０．２、１７．０和１２．１，说明两法合用具协同作用。且对解离型药物促渗作用更强。     

透皮促进剂对萘普生的促透效果研究

目的研究透皮促进剂月桂氮酮、油酸、月桂醇与1,2-丙二醇单独使用或混合使用对萘普生经皮渗透的促透效果。方法采用Valia-Chien双室渗透池,以10%聚乙二醇400生理盐水为接收介质,经大鼠腹部离体皮肤渗透,高效液相色谱法测定接受液中药物含量,计算药物累积透皮量和稳态透皮速率。结果 5%月桂氮酮+20%1,2-丙二醇达最大促透效果。结论脂溶性促进剂月桂氮酮、油酸,联合1,2-丙二醇使用对萘普生促透效果显著。     

电致孔-离子导入技术对胰岛素经皮给药促渗作用的研究

目的:以胰岛素为模型药物,大鼠的离体皮肤为皮肤模型,采用电致孔-离子导入联合物理促渗新技术,进行体外经皮导入生物大分子药物的研究。方法:以胰岛素为实验药物,采用经皮被动扩散方法,分别考察人体、家兔、小鼠、大鼠离体皮肤的透皮速率,从而进行皮肤模型的筛选;在预实验的基础上,选择pH值分别为4.0、6.0、7.4的三种渗透介质,采用离子导入法,考察渗透介质对胰岛素经皮渗透量的影响,从而确定渗透介质最适pH;应用电致孔-离子导入并用、电致孔、离子导入技术,在生理pH7.4、阴极转运条件下,对胰岛素的经皮渗透量进行考察,并与胰岛素的被动扩散经皮给药进行比较。结果:胰岛素对人体、家兔、小鼠、大鼠皮肤的透皮速率分别为0.78±0.03×10-1u/cm2·h、2.25±0.18×10-1u/cm2·h、2.02±0.19×10-1u/cm2·h、1.12±0.14×10-1u/cm2·h;在pH值分别为4.0、6.0、7.4的三种渗透介质中,胰岛素的经皮渗透速率分别为18.28±1.06×10-1u/cm2·h、9.42±0.29×10-1u/cm2·h、8.66±0.40×10-1u/cm2·h;采用电致孔-离子导入并用、离子导入、电致孔技术对胰岛素经皮促渗时,胰岛素的渗透速率分别达到19.63±6.37×10-1u/cm2·h、8.66±0.40×10-1u/cm2·h、1.83±0.07×10-1u/cm2·h。结论:电致孔-离子导入并用技术能够显著地促进生物大分子体外经皮给药的渗透速率。     

Enhancement of percutaneous absorption of naproxen by phospholipids

The skin penetration of naproxen from various phospholipid gel formulations through human cadaver skin was investigated in diffusion chambers. Presence of phospholipids decreased the skin penetration of naproxen from aqueous gels. The addition of 32% (m/m) ethanol or propylene glycol in the aqueous gel formulation, with the presence of phospholipids, apparently increased the percutaneous absorption of naproxen. The penetration enhancement effect of phospholipid with ethanol was, however, more significant than that of phospholipid with propylene glycol. The effect of ethanol concentration on the ability of phospholipids to increase penetration of naproxen, was evaluated in pretreatment studies. The results showed that more than 8% (m/v) ethanol is needed for the enhancing effect of phospholipids. The concentration of phospholipid and the presence of unsaturated fatty acids in phospholipids are also important factors affecting the transdermal flux of naproxen. In conclusion, in the presence of cosolvent, phospholipids increase the transdermal flux of naproxen.     

Transdermal iontophoresis of sodium nonivamide acetate. V. Combined effect of physical enhancement methods

The effect of iontophoresis combined with treatment of other physical enhancement methods such as electroporation, low frequency ultrasound, and erbium:YAG (yttrium-aluminum-garnet) laser on the transdermal delivery of sodium nonivamide acetate (SNA) was examined in this present study. Iontophoresis increased the transdermal flux of SNA in vitro as compared to the passive diffusion without any enhancement. Furthermore, iontophoresis was always the most potent enhancement method for SNA permeation among the physical enhancement methods tested. Pulsing of high voltages (electroporation) followed by iontophoresis did not result in increased transport over iontophoresis alone. However, electroporation shortened the onset of transdermal iontophoretic delivery of SNA. Pretreatment of low frequency ultrasound (sonophoresis) alone on skin did not increase the skin permeation of SNA. The combination of iontophoresis and sonophoresis increased transdermal SNA transport more than each method by itself. The enhancement of drug transport across shunt routes and reduction of the threshold voltage in the presence of an electric field may contribute to this synergistic effect. Use of an erbium:YAG laser was a good method for enhancing transdermal absorption of SNA because it allows precise control of stratum corneum (SC) removal, and this ablation of SC could be reversible to the original normal status. The combination of laser treatment and iontophoresis also synergized the skin permeation of SNA, possibly due to a gradual drop in the electric resistance of the skin. The results in this present study point out that the choice of certain conditions with suitable physical enhancement methods can induce a synergistic effect on transdermal delivery of SNA during iontophoresis.     

Diacyl glyceryl ester prodrugs for slow release in the skin: synthesis and in vitro degradation and absorption studies for naproxen derivatives

Diacyl glyceryl ester derivatives of naproxen were synthesized and tested for transdermal and dermal administration. Diacyl derivatives of aliphatic acids of various chain length were compared. The pharmaceutical properties of these compounds, such as lipophilicity, hydrolysis in a buffer solution at various pH values and degradation in human serum and hairless mouse skin homogenate, were investigated. All the diacyl derivatives were relatively stable in a neutral buffer solution, but were rapidly degraded to release naproxen in human serum and hairless mouse skin homogenate. The diacyl compounds could not penetrate hairless mouse skin in vitro. However, significant absorption into the skin could be measured, and this increased with increasing lipophilicity. A more than 100-fold difference in absorption was observed. The prodrugs were slowly hydrolyzed to naproxen inside the skin. The release of naproxen to the receptor compartment of diffusion cells showed that this type of prodrug could be used for controlled drug delivery.     

离子导入对卡托普利透皮吸收的促进作用(英文)

目的:研究离子导入技术对卡托普利透皮吸收的促进作用。方法:应用离子导入技术研究了卡托普利体外透过大鼠离体皮肤的影响因素,并进行了卡托普利水凝胶贴片大鼠在体的试验,测定了血药浓度的变化。结果:离子导入技术可以有效地促进卡托普利的透皮吸收,透皮速率增加约7倍。药物贮库中的各种因素如pH,离子强度,药物浓度和电流强度均影响药物的透皮速率。随着pH的增加,离子强度的减小,药物浓度的增加及电流强度的增加,透皮速率也增加。大鼠在体试验也表明用药1h后血药浓度即可达到坪值(约0.9μg/mL),并在整个试验阶段维持稳定。结论:离子导入可以有效地促进卡托普利的透皮吸收。     

The influence of the physicochemical characteristics and pharmacokinetic properties of selected NSAID's on their transdermal absorption

The purpose of this study was to determine the plasma concentrations of selected NSAIDs after topical gel administration and to determine the influence of the physicochemical characteristics of these drugs on transdermal absorption. Plasma concentrations of the drugs were determined using high performance liquid chromatography. The logP values obtained from literature for piroxicam, ketoprofen, naproxen, ibuprofen and indomethacin, (1.8, 0.97, 3.22, 3.6 and 3.8, respectively) correlated with the area under the plasma-time curve (AUC) values. The AUC values determined were 527.00 (piroxicam) 269. 45 (ketoprofen) 258.65 (naproxen) 243.22 (indomethacin) and 88.09 (ibuprofen) microg/ml per h. It was concluded that the most reliable parameter for transdermal absorption was the lipophilic character of a drug (logP value). The molecular mass, solubility constraint and percentage unionized moiety can only be used in combination with other properties in the prediction of possible transdermal drug delivery.     

萘普生钠片溶出度测定及体内外相关性评价

目的:进行萘普生钠片体外溶出度的测定及体内外相关性评价.方法:按USP29版萘普生钠片溶出度测定法测定萘普生钠片体外溶出度,用HPLC法测定萘普生钠片在人体内的血药浓度,并用BAPP2.0程序进行拟合.结果:以体内吸收分数(F)对体外累积溶出率(X)进行线性回归,得方程F=0.330 3X 0.699 8(r=0.991 5),体内吸收分数与体外累积溶出率具有良好的相关性.结论:USP29版萘普生钠片的溶出度方法合理,可以较好反映体内吸收情况.     

电致孔和离子导入对胰岛素经皮渗透的促进作用

目的研究电致孔(EP)和离子导入(ION)对胰岛素经皮渗透的影响。方法以水平双室扩散池的方法,研究电致孔与离子导入联合应用对胰岛素经皮渗透的促进作用,并与单独使用离子导入或电致孔进行比较。结果 电致孔与离子导入联用比单独离子导入显著增加胰岛素的经皮渗透性(P<0.05),且高电压比低电压电致孔离子导入显著增加胰岛素的渗透速率(P<0.01)。胰岛素离子导入前,500 V电压,给90次脉冲(指数衰减脉冲,每次脉冲持续时间20～24 ms,3次·min^-1),导致了透皮流速(Flux)的快速稳定增加。结论电致孔和离子导入联用能明显促进大分子胰岛素的经皮渗透性。     

Compartmental Modeling of Transdermal Iontophoretic Transport: I. In Vitro Model Derivation and Application

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to develop a family of compartmental models to describe in a strictly quantitative manner the transdermal iontophoretic transport of drugs in vitro. METHODS: Two structurally different compartmental models describing the in vitro transport during iontophoresis and one compartmental model describing the in vitro transport in post-iontophoretic period are proposed. These models are based on the mass transfer from the donor compartment to the acceptor compartment via the skin as an intermediate compartment. In these models, transdermal iontophoretic transport is characterized by 5 parameters: 1) kinetic lag time (tL), 2) steady-state flux during iontophoresis (Jss), 3) skin release rate constant (K(R)), 4) the first-order rate constant of the iontophoretic driving force from the skin to the acceptor compartment (I1), and 5) passive flux in the post-iontophoretic period (Jpas). The developed models were applied to data on the iontophoretic transport in human stratum corneum in vitro of R-apomorphine after pretreatment with phosphate buffered saline pH 7.4 (PBS) and after pretreatment with surfactant (SFC), as well as the iontophoretic transport of 0.5 mg ml(-1) rotigotine at pH 5 (RTG). RESULTS: All of the proposed models could be fitted to the transport data of PBS, SFC, and RTG groups both during the iontophoresis and in the post-iontophoretic period. The incorporation of parameter I1 failed to improve the fitting performance of the model. This might indicate a negligible contribution of iontophoretic driving force to the mass transfer in the direction from the skin to the acceptor compartment, although it plays an important role in loading the skin with the drug. The estimated values of Jss of PBS, SFC, and RTG were identical (p > 0.05) to the values obtained with the diffusion lag time method. Moreover, time required to achieve steady-state flux can be estimated based on the parameter tL and the reciprocal value of parameter K(R). In addition, accumulation of drug molecules in the skin is reflected in a reduction of the value of the K(R) parameter. CONCLUSIONS: The developed in vitro models demonstrated their strength and consistency to describe the drug transport during and post-iontophoresis.