孕鼠高血糖对胎鼠胰岛功能的影响

目的　探讨孕鼠高血糖对胎鼠胰岛β细胞分泌胰岛素功能的影响。方法　２８ 只妊娠 Ｓ Ｄ 大鼠随机分成两组,实验组在妊娠晚期持续性静脉输注高渗葡萄糖;对照组同期输注无菌蒸馏水。采用胎鼠胰岛细胞进行胰岛素抽提实验、胰岛素释放试验及灌流试验,研究胎鼠胰岛β细胞功能的变化。结果　实验组胎鼠每个胰腺内胰岛素平均水平为（３ ３２９ ．８１ ±１６３ ．３９）ｎｇ;单位重量胰腺组织胰岛素水平为（１５８ ．５６ ±２３ ．３４）ｎｇ／ｍｇ。对照组胎鼠胰腺内胰岛素平均水平为（２ ３９０ ．０４ ±１５１ ．３９）ｎｇ ;单位重量胰腺组织胰岛素水平为（１２５ ．７９ ±１７ ．９７）ｎｇ／ｍｇ 。两者比较,差异有显著性（ Ｐ＜ ０ ．０５） 。在低糖或高糖 Ｈａｎｋｓ 液中温育胰腺组织２ 小时,实验组胎鼠胰岛素释放量：低糖时为（２４ ．２２ ±４ ．６３）ｎｇ／ｍｇ ;高糖时为（７３ ．７３ ±５ ．９４）ｎｇ／ｍｇ 。对照组胎鼠胰岛素释放量：低糖时为（２０ ．５２ ±２ ．３１）ｎｇ／ｍｇ ;高糖时为（５３ ．３５ ±７ ．５３）ｎｇ／ｍｇ 。两组比较,差异有显著性（ Ｐ＜ ０ ．０５） 。在胰岛素灌流试验中,实验组胎鼠胰岛素分泌时相高峰出现早且峰值高于对照组。结论     

牛磺酸对孕鼠子宫胎盘缺血引起胎鼠脑组织损伤的保护机制的研究

目前,对新生儿缺氧性脑病的研究已经取得了很大的进展,出生前,胎儿在宫内发育过程中因宫内缺血而引起脑组织损伤的发生机制及防治方法,成为人们关注的热点。牛磺酸(taurine,Tau)是一种含硫氨基酸的衍生物,自然状态下广泛分布于动物体内,以脑、心脏、视网膜含量最高。研究表明,T     

成纤维细胞生长因子受体-1、2在维甲酸致大鼠神经管畸形发生中的作用

神经管畸形（neural tube defect，NTD）是人类出生缺陷中最常见和最为严重的一组畸形，由神经管的发生和分化异常而引起。许多文献报道神经管的关闭过程受多种基因形成的网络调控及环境因素的影响，成纤维细胞生长因子（fibroblast growth factors，FGF）信号途径及叶酸代谢与NTD关系密切。本研究通过给Wistar大鼠孕期喂服过量的维甲酸（retinoic acid，RA）诱导NTD模型，观察成纤维细胞生长因子受体-1、2（fibroblast growth factor receptors 1 and 2，FGFR-1、2）的表达变化，探讨在正常神经管关闭和NTD发生过程中FGFRs的作用及孕期补充叶酸预防神经管发生的可能调控机制。     

牡蛎提取物拮抗维甲酸致小鼠神经管畸形的实验研究

目的:探讨维甲酸(RA)致神经管缺陷畸形(NTDs)的分子机理及牡蛎提取物的拮抗作用。方法:用RA建立小鼠胚胎NTDs模型,分析比较RA组、不同剂量的牡蛎保护组与各自对照组鼠胚神经管发育情况;用免疫组织化学方法和图像分析技术,对各组鼠胚的神经上皮细胞缝隙链接蛋白43(Cx43蛋白)的表达进行定性、定位和半定量观察。结果:①空白对照组和牡蛎对照组鼠胚中未见吸收胎、死胎及畸胎,神经管发育良好,Cx43蛋白定位于神经上皮细胞的细胞膜和细胞质,组间阳性表达情况比较无显著性差异(P>0.05);②RA组鼠胚吸收胎(27.2%)、死胎(5.8%)和畸胎(47.6%)发生率最高,其神经管发育不良、闭合不全,Cx43蛋白呈强阳性表达;③牡蛎高剂量组鼠胚中的吸收胎(11.6%)、死胎(3.9%)及畸胎(16.5%)均明显低于RA组(P<0.05),鼠胚神经管发育良好,与RA组比较,神经上皮中Cx43蛋白的表达显著降低(P<0.05)。结论:①Cx43蛋白的过度表达可能是RA诱导NTDs的机理之一;②牡蛎可以通过改善Cx43基因的表达而拮抗RA对胎鼠的致畸作用。     

孕鼠被动吸烟致胎仔生长受限的相关性研究

胎儿生长受限(FGR)是导致围生儿发病率和死亡率增加的主要原因之一。2003年18月我们通过FGR孕鼠模型,探讨了一氧化氮(NO)与被动吸烟法对FGR的影响。实验动物与分组:普通级SD大鼠,雌性处女鼠体重250350g,雄性300400g。雌雄51∶同笼交配,次日晨镜检阴道涂片,以发现精子日作为妊娠第1天[1]。孕鼠随机分为5组:空白组(A组),普通环境不被动吸烟;对照组(B组),每天饲养于烟箱内2h不被动吸烟;模型组(C组),整个孕期被动吸烟;中期吸烟组(D组),从交配第8d开始被动吸烟;晚期吸烟组(E组),从交配第15d开始被动吸烟。各组饮水、饲料相同,自由摄食。…     

胎鼠生长迟缓大鼠血管内皮生长因子的表达及应用硫酸镁治疗的机理

血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)也称血管渗透因子，是一种重要的血管生成因子，主要由血管内皮细胞产生，在刺激新血管发生与生长及在维持血管壁的完整性和通透性方面均具有重要意义。VEGF在滋养细胞增殖与侵入，以及胎盘的发生发展过程中有重要作用。我们采用免疫组化技术检测VEGF在胎鼠生长迟缓大鼠组织中的表达情况。旨在探讨VEGF在胎鼠生长迟缓发病机制中的作用以及应用硫酸镁治疗的作用机理。     

妊娠合并糖尿病诱发胚胎先天性神经管缺陷的MAP激酶及细胞凋亡信号传导机制

目的 :探讨妊娠合并糖尿病诱发胚胎先天性神经管缺陷的分子机制。方法 :将雌性SD大鼠分为 3组 :第 1组为正常对照组 ;第 2组为streptozotocin (STZ)构建的妊娠合并糖尿病诱发先天性神经管缺陷的实验组 ;第 3组为STZ构建的糖尿病大鼠模型 ,胚胎不伴有先天性神经管缺陷。于妊娠第 1 2天取出各组胚胎 ,解剖显微镜下进行形态学分析 ;对卵黄囊细胞进行DNA片段分析 ;提取卵黄囊细胞蛋白质 ,应用特异性抗磷酸化抗体进行免疫共沉淀及Westernblot对MAPkinase(MAPK)信号途径上各蛋白激酶活性进行分析。结果 :第 2组中 ,卵黄囊细胞出现细胞凋亡特征性的DNAladder,与正常对照组相比ERK1 /2蛋白激酶活性显著下降 ;与此相反 ,JNK1 /2活性明显升高 ,凋亡相关基因caspase 3、Bax高表达 ,凋亡抑制基因AKT活性明显受抑。结论 :糖尿病诱发的胚胎先天性神经管缺陷的发生 ,与MAPkinase及细胞凋亡信号传导机制异常密切相关     

70例尸检所见神经管畸形的病理学分析

目的通过病理解剖,了解山西吕梁农村地区神经管畸形的检出率及病理特点.方法对三个县（6个解剖单位）的孕20～28周中期引产胎儿及7 d内死亡围产儿（含死胎、死产及活产儿）,逐一在当地进行详细的尸体解剖,并带回制片做全面镜检.结果70例中发现神经管畸形25例,占尸检的35.7%.其中胎儿为41.5%（17/41）,围产儿为27.6%（8/29）,多为复合畸形.常见的神经管畸形为各种类型的脊柱裂、先天性脑积水、无脑儿及脑膜脑膨出等.结论该地区尸检的畸形检出率明显高于城市,吕梁地区为神经管畸形的高发区.     

综合征性神经管缺陷3 798例分析

目的：探讨综合征性神经管缺陷（neural tube defects,NTDs）的发生形式和伴发畸形谱。方法：中国出生缺陷监测网采用以医院为基础的监测方法,收集1987-1995年间,孕28周到产后7d,伴各种出生缺陷的围产儿资料,包括活产、死胎和死产。结果：3498例综合征性NTDs,无脑、脊柱裂和脑膨出分别为997例、2394例和407例。伴发肌肉、骨骼系统,面、耳、颈部和泌尿生殖系统畸形的围产儿分别为51.3％,19.6％和9.3％。前5位高发畸形分别是马蹄内翻足、唇腭裂（唇裂合并腭裂）、腹裂、足外翻、足月睾丸未降。神经管缺陷的裂联合征（schisis-association）中,NTDs合并总唇裂（唇裂 唇裂合并腭裂）占67.5％,无脑合并腭裂占8.3％,无脑合并脐膨出占6.6％。综合征性NTDs患儿低出生体重儿发生率为36.9％,围产期病死率为71.2％,产前诊断率为33.1％。结论：为1/3的NTDs可伴发其他畸形。综合征性NTDs儿病死率高,预后差。     

A study of the value of measuring maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein for the antenatal diagnosis of neural tube defects

Summary Two neighbouring centres, both located in an area where the prevalence of neural tube defects (NTDs) is low, were compared to determine if there was any advantage in their differing policies as regard the antenatal detection of NTDs. At both centres routine ultrasound examinations were performed at 16–18 weeks gestation but at Hospital A serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was measured at 16 weeks gestation. The prevalence of NTDs was 1.3 per 1,000 births at Hospital A and 1.7 per 1,000 births at Hospital B. The detection of anencephaly at both hospitals was 100%, however, only 43% of spina bifidas were detected at Hospital A compared with 60% at Hospital B. These results, the loss of two fetuses following amniocentesis at Hospital A and the lower detection rate for NTDs at the hospital employing AFP measurement are discussed.     

Elevated homocysteine levels in mothers with neural tube defects: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Purpose: To find the real relationship between maternal total homocysteine (tHcy) level and risk of neural tube defects (NTDs).

Materials and methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted. The literature search was conducted with the use of PubMed and EMBASE databases and weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was applied to measure the difference in tHcy level between case and control group. Seventeen articles involving 3237 subjects were included according to the inclusion criteria.

Results: Pooled result showed that mothers with NTDs offspring demonstrated significantly a higher mean log plasma tHcy level than mothers with normal offspring (log WMD: 0.06; 95%CI: 0.02–0.09, p?=?0.001), corresponding to an increase of 6% (2–9%) in the geometric mean. Subgroup analyses also displayed this difference in subjects who were detected during pregnancy or without folate supplementation before sampling. However, in the mandatory folate fortification countries, we did not find this association.

Conclusions: A slightly higher tHcy level in mothers with NTDs was indicated, but potential confounders could not be ruled out completely. Further larger or cohort studies are needed to confirm this association.     

The regional campaign for women on awareness of neural tube defects and folic acid in Narlidere,Izmir: a community-based intervention

Objectives To create an awareness among women and to update the knowledge of health personnel about neural tube defects (NTDs) and folate in order to reduce the incidence of NTD in Narlidere, ?zmir.

Methods In 2006, a regional campaign was organized in Narlidere, Izmir that aimed at informing women of child-bearing age on folic acid and prevention of NTD. Nearly 4400 women participated in the study. By means of questionnaires the level of knowledge before and after the intervention was evaluated.

Results Before the campaign was carried out, 18% of women had heard of folic acid. Their level of knowledge increased after the campaign (p < 0.0001). Post-intervention scores of high school and university graduates and women with high or middle income, as well as those having a friend or kin with spina bifida were found to have significantly improved.

Conclusions The pilot community-based training programme was very successful. Similar programmes, integrated within routine health care services, promoting the use of folic acid will be fostered in the whole country.