CT仿真结肠镜的临床应用

目的：探讨CT仿真结肠镜（CTvirtual colonoscopy,CTVC）对结肠隆起性病变的临床应用。方法：56例患者行结直肠螺旋CT检查,并进行工作站后处理,分别获得结直肠的CTVC、SSD、VR及多平面成像等二、三维图像,并于临床病理对照。结果：增生性息肉4例,腺瘤9例,多发性息肉3例;结直肠癌30例。结论：CT仿真结肠镜（CTvirtual colonoscopy,CTVC）的临床应用满意度高。     

CT virtual colonoscopy in patients with incomplete conventional colonoscopy

目的：研究常规结肠镜检查（conventional colonoscopy,CC）不完全时CT仿真结肠镜检查(CT virtual colonoscopy,CTVC)的作用,二种方法检查结直肠肠段有无统计学差异。方法：应用螺旋CT技术对60例CC检查不完全的病例行容积扫描,在工作站用Navigator软件获取CTVC图像。病变均经手术和/或活检病理证实。统计分析采用两样本率比较的t检验。结果：CTVC能够成功检查55/60例（91.7％）CC检查不完全的病例,其中15/55例（27.3％）近端肠段有病变,包括1你原发癌、13例共16枚息肉和1例溃疡性结肠炎。CC检查不完全的主要原因为阻塞性肿块,其他原因有肠袢冗长、扭曲,广泛性肠痉挛等。二种方法检查结直肠肠段有显统计学差异。结论：CTVC是CC检查不完全时可行、有效的补充检查整个结直肠肠段的方法,将为结直肠病变的检查开创新的途径。     

双体位CT仿真结肠镜的临床应用

目的探讨体位对结肠隆起性病变CT仿真结肠镜(CTvirtualcolonoscopy,CTVC)成像的影响。方法56例患者行结肠直肠螺旋CT检查,并进行工作站后处理,分别获得结肠、直肠的CTVE、表面遮盖显示(SSD)、容积再现(VR)及多平面成像等二维、三维图像,并于临床病理对照。将病灶按直径≤5mm、5mm~10mm、≥10mm分为3组,分析双体位下CTVC对病灶的检出率。结果增生性息肉4例,腺瘤8例,多发性息肉3例,结肠、直肠癌31例。双体位下病灶检出率较仰卧位提高,双体位下大肠扩张满意度高。结论采用双体位能有效提高结肠隆起性病变的CTVC成像效果。结合其他后处理方法,能明显提高CTVC病灶的检出率。     

64层螺旋CT在诊断结直肠占位病变中的应用

目的探讨64层螺旋CT三维重建与仿真肠镜在结肠占位病变诊断中的应用价值。方法应用SIEMENS SOMATOM耐层螺旋CT对81例患者行一次屏气全结肠容积扫描，并利用工作站进行后处理以获取CT仿真肠镜（CTVC），多平面重建（MPR），表面阴影成像（SSD）和透明显示（Raysum）图像，并结合原始横断面等图像进行分析，并与结肠镜或术后病理对照。结果CTVC检出16例结肠镜检查为正常中的15例、误诊为结肠息肉1例，CTVC检出结直肠癌37例，敏感度为100％，特异度为93．75％；术前T分期敏感度和阳性诊断准确度分别为100％和89．2％；N分期敏感度和阳性诊断准确度分别为80％和70％。CTVC检出28例56枚结直肠息肉中51枚，敏感度为91．07％，特异度为93．75％。结论64层螺旋CT三维重建及仿真内镜对结直肠占位病变的诊断有其独特的优越性。     

多层螺旋CT仿真肠镜与结肠镜检查技术在发现结肠肿瘤的应用价值对比

目的探讨多层螺旋CT三维重建与仿真肠镜在结肠肿瘤病变诊断中的应用价值并对比结肠镜检查结果。方法对我院2009年1月至2014年1月来我院就诊的疑似结肠占位的患者应用SIEME 64层螺旋CT对200例例患者行一次屏气全结肠容积扫描,并利用工作站进行后处理以获取CT仿真肠镜(CTVC),多平面重建(MPR),表面阴影成像(SSD)和透明显示(Ray sum)图像,并结合原始横断面等图像进行分析,再行结肠镜检查对照。结果与结肠镜相比,CTVC诊断阳性率较结肠镜高,CTVC检出26例结肠镜检查为正常的患者,12例误诊为结肠息肉,检出结直肠癌200例,敏感度为100%,特异度94%。结论多层螺旋CT三维重建及仿真内镜是一种无创伤性的影像学检查方法,对结直肠占位病变的诊断有其独特的优越性尤其是结肠癌诊断的敏感度、特异度及准确度均较高,可作为纤维结肠镜有价值的补充检查手段,能弥补结肠镜检查中的不足,给临床诊断带来巨大前景。     

CT仿真结肠镜成像研究进展

CT仿真结肠镜(CTVC)作为一项以CT来演示3D结肠成像的专利技术开发至今,在计算机与后处理技术不断提升的推动作用下取得了多元化的快速发展,通过国内外研究人员的大量临床研究显示,CTVC凭借其独特的优势已成为结直肠疾病.尤其是结直肠癌(CRC)的重要检测手段。本文对CTVC起源.发展.全世界的应用和推广以及存在的问题予以综述。     

CT仿真结肠内窥镜的临床应用

目的：研究CT仿真结肠内窥镜（CTVC）的检查方法、影像特点及临床价值。方法用螺旋CT对20例结肠疾病患者行容积扫描,诊断结肠癌6例,息肉8例,结肠炎5例,正常结肠1例。所有患者均同时行纤维结肠镜检查,对于病变结肠均行手术或肠镜下活检术。结果 CT仿真结肠内窥镜与纤维结肠镜检查相符,并经病理证实。CTVC不但可清晰的显示结肠正常解剖及病变,同时对于管腔外病变的显示、肿瘤的分期、定位均有重要的价值。结论 CTVC是一种有效的结肠病变检查的辅助手段,具有良好的应用前景。     

多排螺旋CT仿真结肠镜对结直肠占位性病变诊断价值的研究

目的 探讨多排螺旋CT仿真结肠镜(CT virtual colonoscopy,CTVC)对结直肠占位诊断的临床价值.方法 41例经结肠镜诊断为结肠占位的患者,经肛门注气后行16排螺旋CT腹盆腔连续薄层扫描,应用多排螺旋CT仿真结肠镜软件对获取的数据进行三维仿真结肠镜图像重建,与结肠镜和临床病理结果进行对照分析.结果 结肠镜诊断结肠息肉12例共21枚息肉,仿真结肠镜发现10例共15枚息肉;结肠镜诊断结肠癌29例,仿真结肠镜诊断结肠癌27例,并发现2例肝转移,1例腹膜后淋巴结转移.结论 CTVC对结肠占位性病变是一种无创、有效的检查方法,它不仅可以显示结肠占位的部位、大小,而且还可以显示结肠壁及结肠外的转移情况,对结肠癌的临床分期和手术方案的选择具有重要意义.     

直肠粘膜剥脱肌管套入术（Soave术）在结直肠疾病手术中的应用研究

目的：探讨Soave吻合术在结直肠疾病手术治疗中的临床应用。方法：对1983年11月－2000年4月11例结直肠疾病施行Soave吻合术进行前瞻性研究。结果：结直肠多发性息肉4例，家族性结直肠腺瘤病2例，全段直肠壁海绵状血管瘤、弥漫性结直肠淋巴滤泡性肉芽肿、直肠腺癌、直肠阴道瘘、结肠多发性息肉腺癌变各1例。回肠肌管套入肛管吻合术4例，降结肠肌管套入肛管吻合术5例，乙状结肠肌管套入肛管吻合术2例。随访时间3月－14年，11例均获痊愈，其中3例分别发生肠粘连、吻合口瘘、肌管感染，均经保守治疗获愈，肛门功能恢复正常时间为14天－6个月。结论：Soave术是结直肠疾病手术治疗比较理想和合理的术式之一，有实用和推广价值。     

虚拟肠镜在腹腔镜结直肠手术肿瘤定位中的应用

目的:探讨虚拟肠镜(CTVC)对腹腔镜结直肠肿瘤手术的定位诊断价值。方法:45例拟行腹腔镜手术的结直肠肿瘤患者行CTVC检查定位肿瘤,据腔镜手术中所见及术后切除标本判断定位的准确性,并与肠镜相比较。结果:CTVC检出率为96.1%,定位准确率为100%;肠镜检查检出率94.1%,定位准确率为70.1%。CTVC能准确显示肿瘤部位及所在肠段形态,与手术所见具有良好的对应性。结论:CTVC在大肠肿瘤的定位诊断方面具有高敏感、准确、直观、无盲区等优势,腹腔镜手术前检查有助于手术顺利进行,对于早期肿瘤可作为常规检查项目。     

Importance of total colonoscopy in the diagnosis of colonic disorders

The need for colonoscopic examination of the whole colon was determined by evaluating the accuracy of a barium enema X-ray report with particular reference to the right colon. Long colonoscopies were performed on 108 patients. The reports of the barium enema X-ray examination in these patients were compared with the colonoscopy reports. Over all, the barium enema X-ray report was accurate in 47% of cases. The rate of false negative reports was 10% and that of false positive reports 43%. For lesions of the right colon, the barium enema X-ray report was accurate in only 32% of cases, with 68% false positive and 15% false negative reports. False positive reports of carcinoma or polyps result mainly from imperfect preparation. Of the eight right colonic lesions missed in the barium enema X-ray examination, five were polyps and one was carcinoma. Long colonoscopy, rather than short colonoscopy, or flexible sigmoidoscopy and barium enema X-ray examination, would be accompanied by the greatest diagnostic accuracy. Air-contrast barium enema X-ray examination and long colonoscopy together offer the best methods of diagnosis of occult lesions in the right colon.     

同时性大肠多原发癌的诊治(附34例报告)

目的提高同时性大肠多原发癌的诊断正确率。方法对2677例大肠癌病人进行术前钡灌肠、纤维结肠镜检查及术中纤维结肠镜检查。结果发现34例同时性多原发性大肠癌，占同期大肠癌病人的1．3％。同时性多原发性大肠癌常因临床医生不够重视而漏诊。结论大肠癌病人术前应常规行钡灌肠及纤维结肠镜检查，术前未作纤维结肠镜检查的病人术中应加做结肠镜检查，以减少同时性多原发癌的漏诊。术中应常规解剖标本检查，从而决定手术切除范围。     

Diagnosis of colorectal carcinoma--is colonoscopy superior to barium enema?

From January 1984 to December 1987, 520 pathologically proved cases of colorectal carcinomas were treated in Mackay Memorial Hospital - 272 (52.5%) were male and 248 (47.7%) were female. The distribution of carcinomas in the colorectum were caecum 27 (5%), ascending colon 49 (9.1%), transverse colon 70 (13%), descending colon 41 (7.6%), sigmoid colon 93 (17.3%), rectosigmoid colon 19 (3.5%) and rectum 239 (44.4%). Fourteen cases (3.3%) had double carcinomas. When 334 barium enema examinations (210 single contrast, 124 double contrast) and 207 colonoscopies were done, false negative results were found in 31 (14.76%) single contrast barium enema (BaE-S) and eight (6.45%) in double contrast barium enema (BaE-D) examinations, and 7 (3.38%) colonoscopic examinations failed to demonstrate cancer lesions because of incomplete examinations from technical problems. False negative in BaE were mostly due to failure to recognize or misinterpret the lesions especially in the rectum. Colonoscopy is significantly more accurate than BaE-S but not with BaE-D. BaE especially BaE-D can be complementary to colonoscopy in a nearly obstructing colon. Direct biopsy of the lesion makes colonoscopy more useful than BaE. Complete removal of a malignant polyp turns colonoscopy into a therapeutic modality. However, a well-trained endoscopist is essential in making colonoscopy a less suffering and more accurate examination. In a symptomatic patient, a confirmatory examination is always needed after positive BaE finding. Sometimes this can be avoided by having colonoscopy done first.     

Double contrast barium enema and colorectal carcinoma: sensitivity and potential role in screening.

To establish the sensitivity of double contrast barium enema (DCBE) for detection of colorectal carcinoma in a tertiary referral centre and consider its possible role as a suitable imaging method in screening for this disease. A total of 160 patients with a histopathologically proven diagnosis of colorectal carcinoma over a two year period were reviewed. Subsequently 112 of the 160 patients were identified as having undergone DCBE, the results of which were analysed to determine its sensitivity for detecting colorectal carcinoma. Colorectal carcinoma was missed in 4 of the 112 barium enemas performed. This corresponds to a sensitivity of 96.5% with a false negative rate of 3.5%. The Dukes Classification in these 4 cases showed that Dukes stage B, C and D were missed, with tumours located in the right and the sigmoid colon. The mean delay to operation in these four cases was 6 weeks. Our study correlates with previous studies showing a false negative rate for DCBE of 3.5%. Colonoscopy also fails to detect small numbers of tumours with false negative rates reported as high as 10%. We suggest that double contrast barium enema should be effective as a screening method in any future colorectal cancer screening program.     

CT仿真内镜在新生儿先天性巨结肠中的应用研究

目的探讨仿真内镜技术(computed tomography virtual endoscope,CTVE)对新生儿先天性巨结肠的诊断价值。方法对疑诊先天性巨结肠的33例新生儿术前行钡剂灌肠造影检查,8例确诊者行CTVE三维重建,并分别与手术病理结果比较。结果 33例患儿均经手术证实为先天性巨结肠,钡灌肠检查确诊24例,CTVE三维重建8例均阳性,诊断分型与钡灌肠一致。结论 CTVE是一种无创显示结肠病变的诊断方法,可用于新生儿先天性巨结肠临床诊断。     

小儿全结肠型巨结肠的X线诊断

目的分析评价X线在TCA的影像特点及诊断价值。方法对经手术病理证实的13例小儿TCA的腹部平片及钡灌肠征象进行回顾性分析。结果13例腹部平片均显示异常，表现为不同程度小肠淤张、结肠少气或无气，结合临床可提示巨结肠可能；钡灌肠显示：结肠框变小10例，整个结肠壁较平坦、僵直、缺乏正常的柔韧度与活动度9例，部分结肠壁不光整、呈现齿状突起5例、钡剂逆流、末端回肠扩大9例，24h钡剂潴留8例。钡灌肠正确诊断TCA10例，诊断准确率达76．9％。结论腹部平片异常可提示巨结肠，是诊断TCA的首选方法；钡灌肠可以正确诊断TCA，是目前诊断TCA主要的影像检查方法．正确合理使用检查方法、掌握TCA影像特征表现．对早期诊断TCA具有萤大的意义．