徐州市区餐厨垃圾的收运处置现状与管理对策

分析了徐州市餐厨垃圾收运处置现状,对徐州市2020年餐厨垃圾产生量进行预测;对徐州市中心城区、铜山区和贾汪区餐厨垃圾收运处置进行了规划。结合餐厨垃圾收运处置发展趋势,提出徐州市餐厨垃圾收运处置的管理对策。     

石家庄市餐厨垃圾现状及资源化利用

本文阐述了餐厨垃圾对人体和环境的危害，介绍了国内外的一些处理方法，提出了餐厨垃圾的处置需要全社会的支持，发展循环经济。     

杭州市加强餐厨垃圾管理

杭州市餐厨垃圾管理以政府引导、统一管理、集中收运、定点处置、社会参与、市场化运作的方式进行。杭州市市政市容管理局负责餐厨垃圾产生、收集、运输、处置和利用的监督管理。新设餐饮业单位在对外营业前 1 5日内向所在区市容环卫管理部门办理申报手续 ,告知餐厨垃圾预产生量。餐饮业单位地址和产生量发生变更 ,应重新办理申报手续。餐饮业、企事业单位食堂、宾馆等产生的餐厨垃圾由专业部门定时定点统一密封收运、集中处置 ,并按产生量支付收运、处置费。居民住宅小区餐厨垃圾由居民投放到社区餐厨垃圾处理机进行生化处理。杭州市加强餐…     

城市餐厨垃圾管理模式研究

采用了调查对比方法对宁波、长沙、南昌、合肥餐厨垃圾的管理等模式及处理工艺进行了分析,结合4座餐厨垃圾试点城市成功经验及不足,提出了"法治化管理、多部门结合、市场化运作"的餐厨垃圾管理模式,并就我国城市餐厨垃圾管理及处置提出了建议与对策。     

城市餐厨垃圾管理中的问题及对策研究——以苏州为例

介绍了苏州市餐厨垃圾管理的现状,分析了餐厨垃圾管理中存在的终端处置设施能力不足、市场化竞争不足和资源化产品市场销路不畅的问题,提出了餐厨垃圾管理的对策。     

利用微生物处理餐厨垃圾

我国餐厨垃圾数量十分巨大，并呈快速上升趋势。一般的大城市每天产生生活垃圾3000吨以上，其中餐厨垃圾约占50％。如何高效快捷地处置餐厨垃圾，一直是政府和社会普遍关切的问题。近年来，微生物处理餐厨垃圾逐渐成为热门话题。     

上海市餐厨垃圾管理体系分析及建议

介绍了上海市餐厨垃圾的立法沿革和定义以及理化特性,结合上海市餐厨垃圾的管理现状,从处置、申报、收运和管理4个方面分析了上海市餐厨垃圾管理体系中可能存在的难点,并提出了相应的建议。     

常州市餐厨垃圾产生规律实例探析及启示

介绍了常州市餐厨垃圾的管理现状,并以常州市餐厨垃圾应急处置工程3 a多的实际运行数据为依据,深入探析了餐厨垃圾的产生规律。针对"假日效应"、"政策管控"、"周末高峰"、"冗余保障"等情况,提出了几点启示,为餐厨垃圾管理和技术发展提供了较好的实例支撑,具有较强的现实指导意义。     

餐厨垃圾现行管理政策分析

对餐厨垃圾现行相关政策,如固体废物法、生活垃圾管理办法及其他政策法规的相关条款进行梳理和分析。并提出源头消减,分类收集,联合执法,提高建法成本,全程监控,实行餐厨垃圾收集运输和处置企业资格准入制度的合理化建议。     

餐厨垃圾发电企业职业危害现况调查与评价

目的 调查餐厨垃圾发电企业职业病危害现况,提出针对性职业病防护措施建议。方法 于2019年12月—2021年10月,分别选取7家不同地域和规模的餐厨垃圾发电企业作业场所作为调查对象,对其原辅材料、生产工艺流程、职业病危害因素的种类、职业病防护措施及应急救援措施等进行现场调查,并对作业场所职业病危害因素的浓(强)度进行检测与评价。结果 预处理及厌氧车间氨及硫化氢浓度均检出,符合国家卫生标准要求,有一家企业预处理车间氨浓度超过国家卫生标准一半;污水处理岗位氨、氯化氢、氢氧化钠均检出,浓度符合国家卫生标准;沼气发电机噪声强度超过标准,各巡检岗位个体噪声强度均符合国家标准要求。结论 餐厨垃圾发电处置过程中存在多种职业病危害因素,应采取综合性职业危害防护措施以减少对工人健康的影响,防止发生急性职业中毒事故的发生。     

餐厨垃圾的处理方法综述

综合目前国内外餐厨垃圾处理的研究方法及应用实践,介绍了焚烧法、堆肥法、湿热处理法、生产生物柴油、发酵生产蛋白饲料、厌氧发酵产氢和高温炭化等方法,比较各种方法的优缺点,从而倡导使用对环境影响较小,且可实现餐厨垃圾处理的无害化、减量化、资源化的生物处理法.     

北京市餐厨垃圾的处理现状及发展趋势

介绍了北京市餐厨垃圾现状,分析了北京市餐厨垃圾处理中存在的主要问题,并阐述餐厨垃圾主要资源化的处理技术及发展前景,旨在为北京市餐厨垃圾管理及资源化提供参考。     

深圳市厨余垃圾现状调查及处理对策

调查了深圳市重点区域餐饮单位厨余垃圾的排放量、排放去向,收运和处置现状,并采样分析了厨余垃圾成分,提出了深圳市厨余垃圾的收运处理对策:即统一收运,建立厨余垃圾处理厂,建议利用厨余垃圾堆肥或制作饲料.     

重庆市餐厨垃圾理化性质及处理处置方法的研究

对重庆市主城区餐厨垃圾理化性质进行了调查分析,表明重庆市主城区餐厨垃圾具有高含水率、高含油率、高含盐率等特点.介绍了国内外餐厨垃圾处理技术,并根据重庆市餐厨垃圾的特性,提出其处理方法应采用湿式高温厌氧消化技术,同时阐述了该技术的关键工艺点.     

中小型城市餐厨垃圾收运和处理模式探讨

分析中小城市餐厨垃圾收运和处理现状,以及传统收运和处理模式存在的问题;以宜昌为例,提出了在餐厨垃圾收运和处理过程中融入网格化管理思路,即将传统餐厨垃圾处理重心由处理场转移到网格片区,针对不同餐厨垃圾采用不同的收运和处理模式。这种处理模式可有效实现餐厨废物收运和处理物联网控制,从源头上杜绝“地沟油”、“潲水猪”的出现。     

基于GIS的济南市餐饮垃圾收运路线设计

选择济南市历下区、市中区、槐荫区、天桥区、历城区不同规模的餐馆,按照每个季度选取1个月统计,每月调查月就餐人数、日均就餐人数、月餐饮垃圾产生量、日均餐饮垃圾产生量.运用GIS原理,根据泰森多边形原理,结合餐饮点日产生的餐饮垃圾质量,将相近的多边形合并,得到20个收运分区,结合最短路径和路况综合分析,得到济南市餐饮垃圾收运路线.     

呼和浩特市餐厨垃圾现状及治理对策

综述了餐厨垃圾危害,针对呼和浩特市城区餐厨垃圾现状及管理工作中存在的问题,借鉴各大城市所探索的治理方法,提出了完善条例法规;建立准入制;增强部门协作;禁止泔水猪和泔水油出售及使用;建立科学合理的收运体系;加大企业扶持力度的对策;将餐厨垃圾纳入城市环卫专业规划的治理对策。     

Microbiological quality of food in relation to hazard analysis systems and food hygiene training in UK catering and retail premises

A meta-analysis of eight UK food studies was carried out to determine the microbiological quality of food and its relationship with the presence in food businesses of hazard analysis systems and food hygiene training. Of the 19,022 premises visited to collect food samples in these studies between 1997 and 2002, two thirds (66%) were catering premises and one third (34%) were retail premises. Comparison with PHLS Microbiological Guidelines revealed that significantly more ready-to-eat food samples from catering premises (20%; 2,511/12,703) were of unsatisfactory or unacceptable microbiological quality compared to samples from retail premises (12%; 1,039/8,462) (p < 0.00001). Three quarters (76%) of retail premises had hazard analysis systems in place compared with 59% of catering premises (p < 0.00001). In 87% of retail premises the manager had received some form of food hygiene training compared with 80% of catering premises (p < 0.00001). From premises where the manager had received no food hygiene training a greater proportion of samples were of unsatisfactory and unacceptable microbiological quality (20% retail, 27% catering) compared with premises where the manager had received food hygiene training (11% retail, 19% catering) (p < 0.00001). Where the manager of the premises had received food hygiene training, documented hazard analysis systems were more likely to be in place (p < 0.00001). Higher proportions of samples of unsatisfactory and unacceptable microbiological quality (17% retail, 22% catering) were from premises where there was no hazard analysis system in place compared to premises that had a documented hazard analysis system in place (10% retail, 18% catering) (p < 0.00001). Our meta-analysis suggests that the lower microbiological quality of ready-to-eat foods from catering premises compared with those collected from retail premises may reflect differences in management food hygiene training and the presence of a hazard analysis system. The importance of adequate training for food handlers and their managers as a pre-requisite for effective hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) based controls is therefore emphasised.     

Dietary risk assessment for pesticide residues in food of plant origin during the plant protection product's registration process

One of the main goals of risk assessment during registration of plant protection product is to approve (or not) the proposed Maximum Residue Levels (MRLs) derived from the field trials conducted under Good Agricultural Practice (GAP). Generally, risk assessment at this stage is based on comparison of potential long- and short-term dietary intake of given pesticide with two earlier established outputs of hazard characterisation, i.e. Acceptable Daily Intake - ADI and Acute Reference Dose--ARfD. The first estimate of long-term hazard, which overestimates the risk, is comparing the Theoretical Maximum Daily Intake (TMDI) to the ADI of the pesticide. TMDI is based on assumption that all food products consumed over the lifetime of the consumer contain residues at level of MRL. Afterwards, the ADI is compared against International/National Estimated Daily Intake (IEDI/NEDI). I(N)EDI values provide a "best estimate" of dietary intake as they take into account residues in edible portions at level of median residue values from supervised trials. In case of short-term dietary exposure to acute toxic pesticides, the intake is compared to ARfD. The calculation of International/National Estimated Short-Term Intake IESTI/NESTI) requires single-day consumption data for the 97.5th percentile for each subgroups of consumers (so called "large portions") together with typical unit weight, and percentage of edible portion for each commodity as well as high, and median residue levels derived from the field trials. Additionally, in intake calculations for commodities with unit weight over 25 g, the variability factor (from 3 to 10) has been introduced, which reflects the possible high deposition of a pesticide on the individual unit, even when the quantified residue level in composite sample is relatively low.     

沈阳市餐饮业餐厨垃圾性状及产生量的调查

通过对沈阳市餐饮业网点及餐厨垃圾性状的调查,估算出沈阳市餐饮业餐厨垃圾的产生总量,并提出管理对策.