胸腰段脊柱手术与脊髓血供损伤的相关性研究

目的：为减少手术中对脊髓血供损伤和设计合理脊柱手术入路提供基础。方法：20俱尸体运用解剖、血管铸型及9例成年人常规进行超选择性脊柱脊髓血管造影等方法，对脊柱脊髓血管应用解剖较系统地研究，了解脊柱脊髓血供及代偿通路。结果：①节段动脉在肋横突关节内侧椎间孔部发出根髓动脉。②胸段毗邻的肋间动脉吻合主要是椎间孔周围和骶棘肌内两处；而腰段还有椎体侧面的髂腰肌和腰大肌中的吻合。③超选择性血管造影显示胸、腰段，毗邻的节段动脉之间及与对侧同名动脉之间有广泛吻合。胸段动脉多见以横向连接吻合，而腰段除此之外还可见明显的动脉上下2～3节段侧支吻合。结论：①脊柱前路矫形应在根髓动脉分支前，结扎多个节段血管，脊髓血供可以通过后方代偿，能避免累及脊髓根髓动脉产生脊髓损伤；②侧前入路应在根髓动脉分支后，经胸、腰段毗邻的动脉之间，椎间盘切除或椎间隙减压伤及根髓动脉出现脊髓损伤机率最小。③后入路截骨选择经过椎弓、椎体中部截骨损伤血管最少。     

犬胸腰段选择性脊髓动脉造影的解剖学研究

目的：为犬胸腰段选择性脊髓动脉造影（SSCA）实验提供解剖学依据。方法：7只犬行动脉乳胶灌注,观测与选择性肋间（腰）动脉插管相关的指标。结果：每例起始于降主动脉的肋间（腰）动脉32～35支,多成对;起始高度多在相应上一个椎体、椎间隙平面;起始方位以后中壁和后外侧壁居多;从颅侧向尾侧,与降主动脉下夹角渐减,起点间距离渐增;始端内径小于4F导管管径;每对动脉的起始处多不在同一水平面上。结论：犬肋间（腰）动脉有其特殊性,选用适宜导管,参照相关解剖学资料,可有效行犬胸腰段SSCA。     

胸腰段后髓动脉的起源及其临床意义

目的:为选择性脊髓血管造影和椎管内显微外科提供解剖学资料。方法:采用尸体标本30例,于节段性动脉内逐一注入红色乳胶,在完整脊髓上解剖观察。结果:每例脊髓胸腰段的后髓动脉数目5～13支,平均8.4支。后髓动脉起始情况分3型10亚型,其中后髓动脉与前髓动脉由同一肋间后动脉发出仅34支(13.5％)。胸下部及腰部后髓动脉呈典型“发卡”样折曲。后髓动脉平均外径0.37±0.12mm。约1/3标本在T_(11)～L_3间有1支后髓动脉较粗(>0.5mm),它是脊髓后下部血供的主要来源。结论:多数后髓动脉单独起始,较大的后髓动脉应引起注意。     

胸腰段脊柱手术与脊髓血供损伤的相关研究

目的探讨胸腰段脊柱手术与脊髓血供损伤的相关性,为合理的手术提供基础。方法选择19例成人脊柱脊髓标本、15例乳胶血管灌注,3例铸型及10例胸腰段脊柱手术患者行超选择性脊柱脊髓血管造影,充分了解脊髓血管的解剖结构。结果节段动脉在肋横突关键内侧发出根髓动脉;胸段动脉吻合主要在椎间孔周围,腰段动脉吻合主要在髂腰肌和腰大肌中;血管造影可见胸腰段、相邻动脉节段之间以及对侧同名动脉之间存在广泛吻合。结论脊柱前路矫形宜选择在根髓动脉分支前,行多个节段血管结扎;侧前入路尽量选择在根髓动脉分支后,经胸腰段毗邻动脉之间;后入路截骨尽量选择在椎弓、椎体中部可最大限度保护血管免受损伤。     

脊髓的血管及其构筑

本文综述了脊髓外部动脉即根动脉的来源、走行和供血特点，根动脉与脊髓神经伴行的位置关系，根动脉与脊髓前、后动脉吻合形态学特征。大根动脉的出现部位，血供特点。脊神经根与马尾为两套供血系统：远侧端由脊神经节丛供给；近侧端由软膜下动脉丛供给，它们的供血范围各占神经根与马尾长度的一半。脊髓内部的血管分布由：①中央动脉系统即由脊髓前动脉发出，经前正中裂穿脊髓实质，每ｃｍ脊髓出现营养动脉支数胸段最少，只有２～５支，而颈、腰段分别为５～８支／ｃｍ和５～１２支／ｃｍ。每一条中央动脉的终未支纵向覆盖长度为１０～２０ｃｍ；②周围动脉系统即软脊膜下动脉丛的穿支。两系统的终未动脉一般无毛细血管前吻合。     

胸腰段脊髓动脉的解剖学

目的:系统研究胸腰段脊髓动脉的局部解剖关系,明确胸腰段脊髓动脉分布及吻合情况.方法:选用50例脊髓动脉完整无损的成年尸体标本,解剖并观察胸腰段脊髓动脉及其动脉之间的走行分布及吻合情况.结果:胸腰段脊髓动脉主要为脊髓前后正中动脉和Adamkiewicz动脉.脊髓前、后正中动脉与各肋间后动脉、腰动脉发出脊髓支之间存在吻合,...     

选择性结扎节段动脉致局灶性脊髓缺血损伤动物模型的建立

背景:以往研究表明采用腹膜后入路结扎兔所有腰动脉的方法能够建立稳定的脊髓缺血损伤动物模型,但动脉的具体结扎部位尚不明确。目的:采用选择性节段动脉结扎方法建立局灶性脊髓缺血动物模型。方法:将成年新西兰大白兔16只随机分为对照组和模型组,8只/组。模型组采用腹膜后入路结扎L1～3双侧腰动脉,对照组不结扎血管。建模后第3天,用改良Tarlov评分法评价两组兔神经功能,取结扎血管所对应的脊髓组织并进行苏木精-伊红染色,观察其组织学改变。结果与结论:模型组后肢出现功能障碍,Tarlov评分低于对照组(P0.05)。脊髓组织出现急性炎性改变及神经细胞坏死等脊髓缺血现象。实验结果表明采用腹膜后入路结扎L1～3双侧腰动脉能够建立较稳定的局灶性脊髓缺血损伤模型。     

大鼠脊髓动脉的配布

目的研究大鼠脊髓动脉的配布,为脊髓缺血动物模型的制作提供形态学资料。方法运用墨汁明胶灌注、血管铸形等方法,观测 1～2 月龄、6～7 月龄及 22 月龄以上三组不同月龄 Wistar 大鼠脊髓动脉的配布。结果大鼠脊髓由单一的脊髓前动脉和成对的脊髓后动脉供血,并有前根动脉和后根动脉加以补充。大鼠脊髓前根动脉平均 6．8±1．4 支,后根动脉平均 14．6±2．2 支,大前根动脉是大鼠脊髓下胸段及腰骶段的主要供血动脉。22 月龄以上大鼠脊髓前动脉及中央动脉出现明显迂曲变形,随月龄增加,脊髓单位长度内中央动脉支数显著减少。结论大鼠与人的脊髓动脉配布相似,选择大鼠制作研究脊髓血管性疾病的实验模型较为理想。     

犬胸腰段脊髓节段性营养动脉的应用解剖与DSA对照研究

目的：研究犬胸腰段节段性营养动脉扔解剖形态学。方法：用乳胶混合剂经股动脉注入,在手术显微镜下解剖,并与血管造影进行对照,观察脊髓节段营养动脉的来源、分布和外径。结果：犬有13对肋间动脉起于胸主动脉或锁骨下、肋颈干;节段性营养动脉均营养神经节并形成丛;只有直径0.4mm左右的动脉才到达脊髓;根大动脉在T8、T9脊髓节段出现率较高,左侧多于右侧。结论：本文结果为实验形态学提供解剖学基础。     

成年家犬胸腰段脊髓营养动脉的解剖学研究

目的 :了解成年家犬胸腰段脊髓营养动脉的数目、管径和配布特点。方法 :7只成年家犬动脉灌注乳胶后取脊髓全长 ,对其胸腰段脊髓营养动脉进行观测。结果 :胸腰段脊髓的前根髓动脉 (12 .6± 2 .1)条 ,管径 (0 .2 182± 0 .0 773 )mm ,基本不成对分布 ,左侧者居多 ;最大前根髓动脉位于中腰髓 ,管径 (0 .3 83 6± 0 .0 3 3 1)mm ,动脉干长 (9.17± 1.68)mm。胸腰段脊髓后根髓动脉数目 (12 .7± 3 .4)条 ,管径 (0 .1663± 0 .0 3 72 )mm ,多不成对分布。前正中动脉在胸髓较细 ,管径为 (0 .14 68± 0 .0 2 5 2 )mm ,在腰髓较粗 ,管径为 (0 .2 677± 0 .0 414 )mm。两条后外侧动脉均较细 ,其间多吻合。结论 :与人类不同 ,成年家犬胸腰段脊髓动脉血供相当丰富 ,以犬为实验动物 ,制作急性脊髓缺血损伤模型时必须考虑到被阻断血流动脉的级别、节段、侧别、数目等因素对局部脊髓血供的影响。     

Variation in the Origin of Cystic Artery

In recent years, an extensive development in laproscopic surgery has made surgeons to obtain a clear appreciation and knowledge of variations in the blood supply of gall bladder. The study was done on specimens including 35 embalmed cadavers and 15 fresh postmortem specimens by dissection method at JSS Medical College. In the present study we observed that the cystic artery from right hepatic was seen only in 54% cases. Whereas from hepatic artery proper in 22%, from common hepatic in 12%, from gastroduodenal in 8%, and from superior mesenteric in 2% of cases. Cystic artery from superior mesenteric passes through head of pancreas. This variation is very important for surgeons during resection of pancreas. Because of very limited field of vision during laproscopic surgery, haemorrhage could be a problem if these variations are overlooked. Sound knowledge of cystic artery variations is helpful for surgeons while performing upper abdominal surgeries.     

Multiple variations of internal iliac artery – A case report

IntroductionInternal iliac artery (IIA) is the vessel predominantly supplying the pelvic viscera and the pelvic wall. The main stem of IIA is usually devoid of any branches. Its two divisions give rise to all its branches.MethodA case of multiple variations of IIA was noted during routine dissection of a male cadaver on the right side.ResultsInferior gluteal artery and middle rectal artery which are usually branches of the anterior division of IIA arose from the posterior division. Iliolumbar artery, usually a branch of the posterior division arose from the main stem of IIA. Obturator artery arose from external iliac artery instead of IIA.DiscussionThe knowledge of such variations aids in performing various surgical and radiological procedures in this region.     

选择性腹腔动脉、肠系膜上动脉、肾动脉及肠系膜下动脉造影的局部解剖学研究

本文利用70具成人尸体(男性40具,女性30具)进行了经股动脉插管至腹腔动脉、肠系膜上动脉、肾动脉及肠系膜下动脉之间的距离,各动脉的直径,以及用圆形分布理论统计分析各动脉干与主动脉腹部间的平均夹角,并对动脉干纵轴的方向,动脉起始部与脊柱的对应关系,动脉干的类型做了解剖学观察,并讨论了相应的临床意义。     

Coronary artery aneurysms and coronary artery fistula as a cause of angina pectoris

Coronary artery aneurysm is an uncommon disease. Coronary artery fistulae are infrequent congenital anomalies. A extremely rare case report of combination of coronary artery aneurysms and coronary artery fistula is presented with a brief literature review.     

Anatomy of renal arterial supply

A thorough knowledge of the variations of the renal artery has grown in importance with the increasing numbers of renal transplants, vascular reconstructions, and various surgical and radiologic techniques. The literature indicates that multiple renal arteries are found in 9- 76% of cadavers. The purpose of this study is to establish the incidence and characteristics of variations of renal arteries in Thais. A total of 267 Thai cadavers were dissected in the anatomy laboratory. The anatomical findings included: a single hilar artery in 82% of cases; double renal arteries in 17% of cases (one hilar artery with an upper polar artery occurred in 7%; two hilar arteries in 7%, and one hilar artery combined with one lower polar artery in 3%); and triple renal arteries occurred in 1% (two hilar arteries with one upper polar artery in 0.4% and two hilar arteries with one lower polar artery in 0.6%). In preparation for interventions, such as living renal donation, vascular reconstruction, renovascular hypertension, or radical nephrectomy, the results indicate that preoperative renal imaging is necessary and that operative techniques with attention to multiple renal arteries should be considered.     

人心脏冠状动脉房室支与室房支的观察

解剖５０例成人心脏冠状动脉，观察由冠状动脉发出的分布于心房与心室的共同的动脉小干及其返支。由心房动脉支发出的返支向下越过冠状沟入心室壁的称炎这房室外，由心室动脉支发出的返支向上越过冠状沟入心房壁的称之为室房支。     

胃网膜右动脉与胸廓内动脉在冠状动脉旁路术中应用的比较研究

目的：为将胃网膜右动脉应用于冠状动脉旁路术提供依据。方法：观测了３８具成人尸体的胃网膜后动脉和胸廓内动脉，并对其中３０例进行了组织学观察及体视学计量。     

老年组与中成年组髂外动脉的形态学比较

本文观微和测量了50具国人髂外动脉(左右合计100侧),并将所有观测项目按年龄分为老年组(60岁以上者)和中成年组(19—60岁)进行了统计学处理。结果发现:髂外动脉的长度、外径、髂外动脉与髂内动脉之间的夹角以及髂外动脉的弯曲程度在老年组与中成年组之间均有高度显著性差异。     

Variations of the arterial pattern in the upper limb revisited: a morphological and statistical study, with a review of the literature

A total of 192 embalmed cadavers were examined in order to present a detailed study of arterial variations in the upper limb and a meta-analysis of them. The variable terminology previously used was unified into a homogenous and complete classification, with 12 categories covering all the previously reported variant patterns of the arm and forearm.