经腱缝合与双排固定修复III度关节侧肩袖部分撕裂的生物力学比较

Background For partial-thickness tears of the rotator cuff, double-row fixation and transtendon single-row fixation restore insertion site anatomy, with excellent results. We compared the biomechanical properties of double-row and transtendon single-row suture anchor techniques for repair of grade Ⅲ partial articular-sided rotator cuff tears.Methods In 10 matched pairs of fresh-frozen sheep shoulders, the infraspinatus tendon from 1 shoulder was repaired with a double-row suture anchor technique. This comprised placement of 2 medial anchors with horizontal mattress sutures at an angle of .≤45° into the medial margin of the infraspinatus footprint, just lateral to the articular surface, and 2 lateral anchors with horizontal mattress sutures. Standardized, 50% partial, articular-sided infraspinatus lesions were created in the contralateral shoulder. The infraspinatus tendon from the contralateral shoulder was repaired using two anchors with transtendon single-row mattress sutures. Each specimen underwent cyclic loading from 10 to 100 N for 50 cycles, followed by tensile testing to failure. Gap formation and strain over the footprint area were measured using a motion capture system; stiffness and failure load were determined from testing data.Results Gap formation for the transtendon single-row repair was significantly smaller （P 〈0.05） when compared with the double-row repair for the first cycle （（1.74±0.38） mm vs. （2.86±0.46） mm, respectively） and the last cycle （（3.77±0.45） mm vs. （5.89±0.61） mm, respectively）. The strain over the footprint area for the transtendon single-row repair was significantly smaller （P 〈0.05） when compared with the double-row repair. Also, it had a higher mean ultimate tensile load and stiffness.Conclusions For grade Ⅲ partial articular-sided rotator cuff tears, transtendon single-row fixation exhibited superior biomechanical properties when compared with double-row fixation.     

Diagnostic value of contrast-enhanced fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery MRI for intracranial tumors in comparison with post-contrast T1W spin-echo MRI

Background Contrast-enhanced fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery （FLAIR） magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） has been reported to have higher sensitivity for detecting leptomeningeal disease compared with contrastenhanced T1-weighted MRI （CE T1WI）. However, currently there are no studies showing the potential value of clinical applications of contrast-enhanced FLAIR （CE FLAIR） sequence in diagnosing intracranial tumors in a larger group of patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of CE FLAIR in comparison with CE TlWI for intracranial tumors and to provide more information for clinical diagnosis and therapy. Methods One hundred and four consecutive cases of intracranial tumors referred for CE brain MRI were analyzed with regard to FLAIR and TlWI pre- and post-administration of Gd-DTPA. The CE FLAIR and CE TlWI were evaluated independently by two radiologists for the number of examinations with one or more enhanced lesions, the number and location of enhanced lesions per examination, signal-to-noise ratio （SNR） and contrast-enhancement ratio （CER） of lesions, as well as the size and extent of the enhanced lesions. Results In 98 of 104 cases, enhanced lesions were seen both on the FLAIR and TlW images. More lesions were seen on CE TlWI （n=120） than those on CE FLAIR sequence （n=llT）, but no differences of statistical significance were found between the two sequences （/＇〉0.05）. Four lesions were revealed only on the CE FLAIR images whereas 7 lesions were only found on CE TlWI. Enhanced lesions located in the cerebral hemisphere or the forth ventricle were revealed much more on CE T1WI than on CE FLAIR images. However, CE FLAIR images may be useful in showing superficial abnormalities and those located in the sulcus or lateral ventricle. The CER and contrast-to-noise ratio （CNR） on CE T1WI was significantly higher （t=7.10, P=0.00; t=9.67, P=0.00, respectively）, but grey matter/white matter contrast was lower （t=-2.46, P=-0.02） than those on CE FLAIR images. The SNR did not show any statistically significant difference between the two sequences （t=-1.1, P=-0.27）. The size and extent of lesions on the CE FLAIR images were significantly larger than those on CE TIWI （t=4.13, P=0.00）.     

DIAGNOSTIC VALUE OF WHOLE BODY DIFFUSION WEIGHTED IMAGING FOR SCREENING PRIMARY TUMORS OF PATIENTS WITH METASTASES

Objective To evaluate the values of whole body diffusion weighted imaging （DWI） in screenmg pnmary unknown tumor in patients with metastases.
Methods Totally, 34 patients with metastases of primary unknown tumors were scanned with whole body DWI, and conventional magnetic resonance （MR） imaging was performed if suspected lesions were detected. All the metastases including 27 cases of osseous metastases, 2 brain metastases, 2 liver metastases, 1 pulmonary multiple metastasis, 1 neck metastasis and 1 malignant ascites, were diagnosed by computed tomography, single photon emission computed tomography, or MR imaging. For the proven primary tumors diagnosed by biopsy or pathology of surgical specimens, apparent diffusion coefficient （ADC） values of the primary and metastatic lesions were measured respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of this technique for screening primary tumors were cvaluated.
Results We found 24 cases with suspected primary lesions, in which 23 lesions were proved to be primary tumors, and 1 was proved to be benign lesion. And no definite primary lesion was found in 10 cases on whole body DWI, but in which 1 case was diagnosed with primary tumor by biopsy later, and the other 9 cases remained unknown within follow-up of over halfa year. The difference was not significant in ADC values between primary and metastatic lesions （P〉0.05）. The sensitivity and specificity of whole body DWI for searching primary tumors was 95.8% and 90.0%, respectively.
Conclusion Combined with conventional MR scanning, whole body DWI can help to search primary lesions of patients with metastases.     

Magnetic resonance susceptibility weighted imaging in detecting intracranial calcification and hemorrhage

Background Computed tomography （CT） is better than routine magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） in detecting intracranial calcification. This study aimed to assess the value of MR susceptibility weighted imaging （SWI） in the detection and differentiation of intracranial calcification and hemorrhage.
Methods Enrolled in this study were 35 patients including 13 cases of calcification demonstrated by CT and 22 cases of intracerebral hemorrhage. MR sequences used in all the subjects included axial T1WI, T2WI and SWI. The phase shift （PS） of calcification and hemorrhage on SWI was calculated and their signal features on corrected phase images were compared. The sensitivity of T1WI, T2WI and SWI in detecting intracranial calcification and hemorrhage was analyzed statistically.
Results The detection rate of SWI for cranial calcification was 98.2%, significantly higher than that of T1WI and T2WI. It was not significantly different from that of CT （P 〉0.05）. There were 49 hemorrhagic lesions at different stages detected on SWI, 30 on T2WI and 18 on T1WI. The average PS of calcification and hemorrhage was ＋0.734±0.073 and -0.112±0.032 respectively （P 〈0.05）. The PS of calcification was positive and presented as a high signal or the mixed signal dominated by a high signal on the corrected phase images, whereas the PS of hemorrhage was negative and presented as a low signal or the mixed signal dominated by a low signal.
Conclusions SWI can accurately demonstrate intracranial calcification, not dependant on CT. Being more sensitive than routine MRI in detecting micro-hemorrhage, SWI may play an important role in differentiating cerebral diseases associated with calcification or hemorrhage.     

Extremity and extremital replantation

208449 A middle or long-term follow-up study on surgical repair of rotator cuff tears/Wang Xiaobin(王晓滨, Dept Orthop, Beijing Hosp, Beijing 100730)…∥Chin J Orthop.-2008,28(5).-369～373Objective To evaluate the result of open rotator cuff repair and to identify potential preoperative or intraoperative factors that could affect     

FEASIBILITY OF WHOLE BODY DIFFUSION WEIGHTED IMAGING IN DETECTING BONE METASTASIS ON 3.0T MR SCANNER

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of whole body diffusion weighted imaging （DWI） in bone metastasis detection using bone scintigraphy as comparison.
Methods Forty-five patients with malignancy history were enrolled in our study. All the patients received the whole body DWI and bone scintigraphy scan within 1 week. The magnetic resonance （MR） examination was performed on 3.0T MR scanner using embedded body coil. The images were reviewed separately by two radiologists and two nuclear medicine physicians, who were blinded to the results of the other imaging modality. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value （PPV） and negative predictive value （NPV） of the two techniques for detecting bone metastasis were analyzed.
Results A total of 181 metastatic lesions in 77 regions of 34 patients were detected by whole body DWI, and 167 metastatic lesions in 76 regions of 31 patients were identified by bone scintigraphy. The patient-based sensitivity and PPV of whole body DWI and bone scintigraphy were similar （89.5% vs. 81.6%, 97.1% vs. 91.2%）, whereas, the patient-based specificity and NPV of whole body DWI were obviously higher than those of bone scintigraphy （85.7% vs. 57.1%, 60.0% vs. 36.4%）. Ten regions negative in scintigraphy but positive in whole body DWI, mainly located in spine, pelvis, and femur; nine regions only detected by scintigraphy, mainly located in skull, sternum, clavicle, and scapula. The region-based sensitivity and specificity of whole body DWI were slightly higher than those of bone scintigraphy （89.5% vs. 88.4%, 95.6% vs. 87.6%）.
Conclusion Whole body DWI reveals excellent concordance with bone scintigraphy regarding detection of bone metastasis, and the two techniques are complementary for each other.     

Comparative study of 3D-SPGR vs 2D-SE T1WI after enhancement in the brain

Summary:The utility of three-dimensional spoiled gradient recalled acquisition in steady state(3D-SPGR)imaging in the cerebral diseases was evaluated and 3D-SPGR after enhancement in depictingcontrast enhancement of all lesions and 2D-SE T1WI comparatively analyzed.117 patients were sub-jected to MRI by a GE.1.5T MR system.After performance of axial T1WI and T2WI in all pa-tients,MRA(3D-MOTSA)images were acquired in 6 cases(8 lesions)of aneurysms.After en-hancement,3D-SPGR images were obtained in all the remaining patients.Quality parameters(SNR,C and CNR)were calculated on enhanced 2D-SE T1WI and 3D-SPGR images.And a four-pointscale was used to measure the signal intensity of the main lesions on both sequences,then statisticalanalysis of the average score was performed with“t” test.Except for aneurysms,2D-SE T1WI de-tected 134 lesions and 3D-SPGR disclosed 147 lesions.It was found that there was no statistically sig-nificant difference between the two average scores as determined by the“t”test(t=1.     

HIV/AIDS cases on rise in China

Background The peripheral enhancement of small hepatocellular carcinoma （SHCC） is a rare appearance in dual phase images by helical computed tomography （CT）. This study discusses this phenomenon and its correlative histopathology. Methods The helical CT dual phase appearance of peripheral enhancement in SHCC was analyzed in 21 cases （22 lesions）. All lesions were confirmed as SHCC by histopathological examination. Results In these 22 lesions, enhanced peripheral ring in 20 lesions was incomplete, the thickness of enhanced peripheral ring varied and mural node could be found in hepatic arterial phase; only 2 lesions had complete peripheral ring enhancement and ring of uniform thickness in hepatic arterial phase. The enhancement of some peripheral rings and mural nodes dropped to very low density in portal venous phase. The tumour cells were grade I in 3 lesions, II in 16, III in 2 and IV in 1. The vascular supply was more abundant at the border than in the centre of 15 lesions and the vascular supply was deficient in both centre and border of the remaining 7 lesions. In 3 lesions, the pseudocapsule showed in the border of the lesion. In 12 lesions, flecks of necrosis were found in the border and/or centre of the lesion. Conclusions The characteristic peripheral enhancement in helical CT dual phase images of small hepatocellular carcinoma correlates with different vascular supplies, fibrous capsule and necrosis of the lesion.     

Fetal central nervous system anomalies: comparison of magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasonography for diagnosis

Background Evaluation of fetal central nervous system （CNS） agenesis by ultrasonography （US） is frequently limited, but magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） has its own advantages and is gaining popularity in displaying suspected fetal anomalies. The purpose of this study was to explore the value of MRI in detecting fetal CNS agenesls. Methods Thirty-four women （aged from 22 to 35 years, average 27 years） with complicated pregnancies （16-- 39 weeks of gestation, average 30 weeks） were examined with a 1.5 T superconductive MR unit within 24 hours after ultrasonography. Half-Fourier acquisition single-shot turbo spin-echo （HASTE） T2-weighted imaging （T2WI） sequence were performed in all patients, and fast low angle shot （FLASH） T1-weighted imaging （T1WI） sequence were applied sequentially in seven of them. Comparison of the results was made between the MRI and US findings as well as autopsy or postnatal follow-up MRI findings. Results The gyms, sulcus, corpus callosum, thalamus, cerebellum, brainstem, and spinal cord of fetus were shown more clearly on T2-weighted MR images than on T1-weighted MR images. MRI corrected the diagnosis of US in 10 cases （10/34, 29.41%） and the diagnosis was missed only in 1 case （1/34, 2.94%）. Conclusion MRI has advantages to US in detecting fetal CNS anomalies and is a supplement to US in complicated pregnancies.     

A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON COMPARISON AND FUSION OF METABOLIC IMAGES OF PET WITH ANATOMIC IMAGES OF CT AND MRI

Objective. To compare and match metabolic images of PET with anatomic images of CT and MRI. Methods. The CT or MRI images of the patients were obtained through a photo scanner, and then transferred to the remote workstation of PET scanner with a floppy disk. A fusion method was developed to match the 2- dimensional CT or MRI slices with the correlative slices of 3-dimensional volume PET images. Results. Twenty - nine metabolically changed feci were accurately localized in 21 epilepsy patients‘ MRI images, while MRI alone had only 6 true positive findings. In 53 cancer or suspicious cancer patients, 53 positive lesions detected by PET were compared and matched with the corresponding lesions in CT or MRI images, in which 10 lesions were missed. On the other hand, 23 lesions detected from the patients‘‘ CT or MRI images werenegative or with low uptake in the PET images, and they were finally proved as benign. Conclusions. Comparing and matching metabolic images with anatomic images helped obtain a full understand-ing about the lesion and its peripheral structures. The fusion method was simple, practical and useful for localizing metabolically changed lesions.     

Morphological and Signal Characteristics of Rotator Cuff Tears on Conventional MRI and MR Arthrography： Comparing with Gross Anatomy and Histopathology

~~Morphological and Signal Characteristics of Rotator Cuff Tears on Conventional MRI and MR Arthrography: Comparing with Gross Anatomy and Histopathology     

肩袖损伤患者MRI和MR肩关节造影的诊断价值比较

目的比较肩袖损伤患者MRI和MR肩关节造影的诊断价值。方法以2013年7月-2014年12月前来我院就诊106例疑似肩袖损伤患者进行研究,均行MRI检查,随后有55例行肩关节MR造影检查,其中20例高度疑似病例再接受关节镜诊治确诊。比较MRI和MR的诊断准确性。结果 20例行关节镜检查患者确诊为12例肩袖部分撕裂、5例肩袖全层撕裂、3例肩袖变性,其中6例为肩袖撕裂并发盂唇损伤,MRI确诊准确性为55(11/20),明显低于MRar的100.0%(20/20),比较有统计学意义(χ2=11.613,P=0.0000.05)。结论虽然MRI与MRar均无法较好显示肩袖钙化情况,但MRar在肩袖损伤临床诊断中的应用具有更高准确性,可作为首先诊断方法。     

肩袖损伤的低场MRI诊断价值

目的评价开放式低场MRI检查在肩袖撕裂和肩关节孟唇损伤中的诊断价值。方法搜集2002年11月-2009年8月临床有撞击综合征或疑似肩袖损伤并于手术前行0．23TMRI检查患者共52例,以常规外科手术或关节镜作为诊断标准．统计MRI诊断的敏感度、特异度、准确度和阳性预测值。结果手术发现44例肩袖损伤和11例关节盂唇损伤。肩袖撕裂中,MRI检查的敏感度为95％,特异度为88％,准确度为94％,阳性预测值为98％;其中肩袖完全撕裂的敏感性为96％,肩袖部分撕裂MRI的敏感度为73％。关节孟唇损伤的检测敏感度、特异度、准确度和阳性预测值分别为75％、95％、90％和82％。结论本试验中肩袖撕裂和关节盂唇损伤的低场MRI诊断与手术结果较为一致。     

MR关节造影评价肩关节损伤并与关节镜对照研究

目的以关节镜诊断结果为对照,研究探讨磁共振关节造影对肩袖及关节盂唇损伤的诊断价值,以期为提高肩关节损伤的诊断准确性提供指导依据。方法收集我院就诊的120例肩关节损伤患者,所有患者均接受常规肩关节MR扫描、MR关节造影检查、肩关节镜检查,分析常规MR、MR关节造影、关节镜检查的诊断结果,以关节镜诊断结果为金标准,计算和比较常规MR、MR关节造影对肩袖损伤、盂唇损伤的诊断灵敏度、特异度、准确性,再采用Kappa一致性检验,分析常规MR、MR关节造影诊断结果与关节镜诊断结果之间的一致性。结果以关节镜诊断结果为对照,MR关节造影对肩袖损伤的诊断灵敏度、特异度、准确性分别为97.70%、96.97%、97.50%,常规MR对肩袖损伤的诊断灵敏度、特异度、准确性分别为89.66%、81.82%、87.50%;MR关节造影对盂唇损伤的诊断灵敏度、特异度、准确性分别为95.83%、97.22%、96.67%,常规MR对肩袖损伤的诊断灵敏度、特异度、准确性分别为81.25%、84.72%、83.33%;经比较,MR关节造影对肩袖损伤、盂唇损伤的诊断灵敏度、特异度、准确性均高于常规MR(P<0.05)。经一致性检验,MR关节造影对肩袖损伤、盂唇损伤的诊断结果与关节镜诊断结果之间的一致性均达到良好(Kappa分别为0.719、0.725),而常规MR对肩袖损伤、盂唇损伤的诊断结果与关节镜诊断结果之间的一致性仅为中等(Kappa分别为0.531、0.547)。结论在肩关节损伤诊断中,采用MR关节造影检查可获得与关节镜相当的诊断结果,可准确检出肩袖损伤和盂唇损伤。     

磁共振肩关节造影在肩袖部分撕裂诊断的临床应用

目的探讨MRA检查对肩袖部分撕裂的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析79例肩袖部分撕裂的MRA及MRI表现,与肩关节镜手术结果对照。结果 79例肩袖部分撕裂病例,MRI诊断的敏感度、特异度及准确度分别是94.74%、76.12%和95.18%;MRA仅能对肩袖部分撕裂中的32例内层(关节面)撕裂明确显示,其敏感度、特异度及准确度分别为96.88%、100%、98.73%,明显高于常规MRI诊断,与关节镜结果对比,其一致性极佳(Kappa=0.970),差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);而对于部分撕裂中的外层(滑囊面)撕裂和中间层(肌腱内)撕裂,MRA均不能显示。结论 MRA能准确判断肩袖内层撕裂范围及程度,是MRI诊断肩袖部分撕裂的有效补充,为临床诊断和治疗能提供更准确的依据,而对于肩袖外层撕裂和中间层撕裂,MRA均不能显示其损伤部位及程度,无法对其进行诊断。     

肩袖撕裂的MRI诊断

目的:研究肩袖撕裂在MRI不同序列上的表现,比较各种序列组合对肩袖撕裂的诊断价值。方法:32例肩关节疼痛患者,采用1.5T的MR仪和专用肩关节表面线圈,进行T1WI,T2WI,STIR,PDFS序列肩关节扫描,将每位患者的MRI图像根据扫描序列分别组合成T1WI T2WI组、T1WI T2WI STIR组及T1WI T2WI PDFS组3组。计算各序列组MRI图像诊断肩袖撕裂的灵敏度、特异度、准确性、阳性预测值及阴性预测值,并进行比较。结果:T1WI T2WI组与T1WI T2WI STIR组之间各指标差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),T1WI T2WI组与T1WI T2WI PDFS组之间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。T1WI T2WI STIR组与T1WI T2WI PDFS组之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:MRI是诊断肩袖撕裂理想的检查方法,常规T1WI,T2WI序列扫描基础上追加STIR及PDFS序列可提高肩袖撕裂的检出率。     

MR横断面T2WI诊断膝关节前交叉韧带损伤的价值

目的探讨MR横断面T2WI对前交叉韧带损伤的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析200例临床疑有前交叉韧带损伤患者的膝关节MR常规扫描图像,与关节镜检查结果对照,分析横断面T2WI对前交叉韧带损伤的诊断价值。结果关节镜下确诊128例完全撕裂,42例部分撕裂,30例正常。横断面T2WI检出151例,误诊3例,漏诊13例,诊断前交叉韧带撕裂的敏感度、特异度及准确率分别是92.1%、91.7%、92.0%;矢状面MRI诊断的敏感性、特异性、准确率分别是92.7%、83.3%、91.0%;矢状面 横断面MRI诊断的敏感性、特异性、准确率94.5%、94.4%、94.5%,三组间特异性和准确性无统计学差异(P>0.05),但是横断位T2WI的特异性比矢状面图像高。结论MRI诊断膝关节前交叉韧带损伤,横断面T2WI提供了重要的信息,是不可忽略的检查序列面。     

肩袖损伤的HRI诊断研究

目的研究肩袖损伤的MR1诊断特征。方法回顾性分析2010年1月至2012年8月48例肩袖损伤患者的MRI影像资料。结果MRI显示46例冈上肌腱损伤,其中10例完全撕裂,36例部分撕裂。19例显示冈下肌腱损伤,其中4例完全撕裂,15例部分撕裂。3例发现肩胛下肌腱部分撕裂。2例显示小圆肌腱部分撕裂。结论MRI能够清楚显示肩袖的解剖结构,能够帮助准确判断肩袖损伤的部位、范围、程度,为临床制定治疗方案提供重要参考。     

1.5T常规MRI与MR髋关节造影诊断髋臼唇撕裂的比较研究

目的 探讨1.5T场强下常规髋关节MRI与MR髋关节造影对髋臼唇撕裂的诊断价值的差异。方法回顾性分析37例有髋关节疼痛病史患者(共55个髋关节)的1.5T常规MRI及MR髋关节造影的影像学资料,观察有无撕裂、确定撕裂部位并进行分期。其中有13例(共16个髋关节)进一步行髋关节镜检查并进行修复术。对常规MRI和MR髋关节造影诊断的髋臼唇撕裂及分期数据的差异行Wilcoxon秩和检验。结果 常规MRI与MR髋关节造影诊断相同的共计15个髋臼唇,存在差异的为40个。其中常规MRI诊断为无撕裂而MR髋关节造影诊断为有撕裂的有35个,5个常规MRI及MR髋关节造影均诊断为髋臼唇撕裂,但分期不同。行髋关节镜检查的13例16个髋关节,均发现存在髋臼唇的撕裂,其中常规MRI定位及分期正确的有4个,MR髋关节定位及分期正确的有15个。1.5T常规MRI与MR髋关节造影对髋臼唇撕裂的评价差异有统计学意义(Z=0.560,P<0.01)。结论 1.5T场强下,MR髋关节造影对髋臼唇撕裂的诊断价值优于常规MRI检查。     

肩关节MRI在肩袖损伤诊断中的应用分析

目的探索MRI在肩袖损伤诊断中的应用价值,并与关节镜下诊断进行比较,了解MRI诊断肩袖损伤的准确率。方法回顾性分析我院收治的肩关节损伤并接受肩关节镜治疗的42例患者的临床资料,将MRI的诊断率与肩关节镜进行对比,分析MRI诊断肩袖损伤的诊断敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值及阴性预测值。结果 42例患者中,MRI诊断为肩袖损伤的患者29例,肩关节镜下诊断为肩袖损伤的患者27例。术前MRI未见肩袖损伤,而关节镜下见肩袖撕裂5例,MRI及关节镜下均未见肩袖损伤8例。结论 MRI在诊断肩袖损伤方面具有诊断准确率高、特异度高等优点,可通过MRI对可能的肩袖损伤患者进行初步诊断。