颈椎不稳在交感型颈椎病发病中的作用

目的：研究交感型颈椎病的病理因素及治疗方法。方法：回顾分析了1988-2000年收治的20例手术治疗的交感型颈椎病患者。根据术前及术后颈椎伸屈侧位X光片判断有无颈椎不稳。结果：20例患者术前均有颈椎不稳,颈椎不稳主要发生在C3-C4和C4-C5,颈椎高位硬膜外封闭对大部分患者有短期效果。每例患者均于不稳节段行颈前路融合术,手术有效率为90％。结论：颈椎不稳是导致交感型颈椎病发病的重要因素;颈椎高位硬膜外封闭可有短期疗效因此具有重要的诊断价值;颈椎前路植骨融合术是治疗交感型颈椎病的有效方法。     

颈性眩晕的病因及其治疗

目的：探讨颈性眩晕的病因及其治疗。方法：80例颈性眩晕患者中，椎动脉型颈椎病25例，其中5例行颈前路钩椎关节切除 横突孔减压术，12例颈前路椎间盘及骨赘切除 椎间植骨融合术；下颈椎失稳27例，下颈椎骨折脱位2例，5例行颈前路植骨融合术；颈间盘突出症11例，8例行颈前路间盘切除 椎间植骨融合术；8例OPLL均行颈前路骨化韧带切除 椎间植骨融合；环枢椎旋转半脱位2例，行手法复位，环枢椎前脱位4例，行牵引复位，后路植骨融合术；1例颈部巨大脂肪瘤侵犯双侧椎动脉（VA）。36例行保守治疗，结果：疗效优60例，良17例，差3例。结论：颈椎病和颈椎失稳是颈性眩晕的主要病因（65%）。交感神经受刺激是主要的发病机制。治疗应以稳定颈椎和VA减压为主要目的。     

颈性眩晕的临床治疗体会

目的探讨颈性眩晕的发病机制及治疗效果。方法74例颈性眩晕患者中,62例行保守治疗,包括卧床休息及颈部围颈固定,星状神经节阻滞及颈部高位硬膜外封闭。对于非手术治疗无效、患者症状严重者采取手术治疗（12例）,行颈前路椎间盘及骨赘切除加椎间植骨融合术,包括颈椎病4例,下颈椎失稳6例,颈间盘突出症2例。结果疗效优49例,良14例,显效8例,无改善3例。结论颈椎病和颈椎失稳是颈性眩晕的主要病因,交感神经受刺激是主要的发病机制,颈性眩晕的综合治疗效果确切,保守治疗无效应以稳定颈椎为主要目的。     

退行性下颈椎不稳致交感型颈椎病的手术治疗

目的探讨退行性下颈椎不稳在交感型颈椎病中的作用及手术治疗的效果。方法对25例退行性下颈椎不稳患者采用颈椎前路椎间盘摘除自体髂骨植骨融合钛钢板内固定术。结果患者均获随访,时间12-57个月,采用于泽生等的判定方法：优15例,良7例,中2例,差1例。结论颈椎不稳定是交感型颈椎病的重要因素,颈椎间盘退变突出是不稳的基础,手术治疗退行性颈椎不稳所致的交感型颈椎病有良好的疗效。     

内窥镜下颈椎间盘切除及椎体间植骨融合术

目的:探讨内窥镜下颈椎间盘切除及椎体间植骨融合术治疗颈椎疾患的疗效。方法:经内窥镜颈椎间盘切除及植骨术治疗颈椎疾病25例,包括脊髓型颈椎病17例,神经根型颈椎病3例,交感型颈椎病2例及外伤性颈椎间盘突出症3例。结果:本组患者颈部手术出血平均80ml,18例获10~46个月(平均27个月)随访,植骨全部融合,脊髓和神经根压迫症状改善满意,除1例出现术后植骨块移位外,未见其它合并症。结论:经内窥镜下颈椎间盘切除及植骨融合术是一种创伤小、安全、可靠的手术技术,适合于颈椎间盘突出症及部分颈椎病的治疗。     

脊髓型颈椎病前路三种术式结果的对比

目的 :分析不同颈前路手术对脊髓型颈椎病的治疗效果。方法 :选择 2 84例患者手术前后情况进行回顾。第Ⅰ组 1 54例为间盘切除减压植骨融合术患者 ,第Ⅱ组 1 0 2例为椎体次全切除植骨融合术患者 ,第Ⅲ组 2 8例为AO带锁钢板内固定术患者。比较三组优良率、椎间融合率、手术并发症。结果 :手术效果第Ⅲ组最好。Ⅰ组最差。短暂性并发症 3组间无明显差异。永久性并发症Ⅱ组明显高于Ⅰ、Ⅲ组。结论 :对于多节段颈椎病颈前路多平面减压植骨融合结合AO带锁钢板固定术是一种直接有效的手术 ,更适合于伴有颈椎不稳或后纵韧带骨化患者。     

颈椎前路或后路手术对颈性眩晕症状改善的观察

目的 评价手术治疗颈性眩晕的临床效果。方法 对78例颈性眩晕的患者进行前路减压及同种异体或自体骨植骨融合术，或行后路单开门减压术，对于颈椎不稳的患者加作颈椎前路钢板固定术。观察治疗后临床效果。结果 术后平均随访12个月，66例患者的眩晕消失或明显减轻，优良率达84．7％。结论 前路减压及同种异体或自体骨植骨融合术，或行后路单开门减压术(颈椎不稳的患者加作颈椎前路钢板固定术)的手术方法对某些类型的颈性眩晕具有较好的临床疗效。     

退行性颈椎不稳的手术治疗

目的 应用手术治疗退行性颈椎不稳．观察其疗效，并探讨手术适应证。方法 自1998年4月～2001年4月，对15例影像学上有颈椎不稳、伴体位性症状、经1年以上严格保守治疗无效的非脊髓型颈椎病患者施行手术治疗，男6例，女9例；年龄44～65岁．平均55．2岁。病程1．5～4年．平均28个月，体位性症状主要包括：随颈椎屈伸或旋转出现的神经根型、交感型以及椎动脉型颈椎病样症状，所有病例均采取前路颈椎不稳节段融合加铁板内固定术。自体髂骨植骨7例,其中单节段3例；双节段4例,双节段者行开槽植骨。应用椎间融合器(钛网)8例．其中单节段2例，植骨取自异体骨；双节段6例，行开槽植骨．植骨取自椎体切除部分，结果 随访时间8个月～4年，平均25个月。15例患者症状均获明显改善．12例症状完全消失，3例偶有颈背部酸胀感。融合节段均获得骨性愈合。结论 影像学上出现退行性颈椎不稳同时伴有颈椎体位性症状，且两者可相互解释者．通过行不稳节段的融合术可获得良好的治疗效果，退行性颈椎不稳有良性转归的可能，因此应严格掌握手术适应证。     

颈前路椎间盘切除椎间植骨融合内固定治疗脊髓型颈椎病临床效果分析

目的探讨颈前路椎间盘切除椎间植骨融合内固定术治疗脊髓型颈椎病的临床效果。方法选择2014年10月～2017年12月我院收治的脊髓型颈椎病患者133例,按手术方法分成两组:对照组66例,采用颈椎前路椎间盘摘除融合术治疗;观察组67例,采用颈前路椎间盘切除椎间植骨融合术结合内固定术治疗。比较两组患者临床效果、影像学指标和术后疼痛评分。结果观察组患者术中出血量明显少于对照组(P0.05);术后6个月两组患者颈椎曲度、椎间高度和融合节段Cobb角均较术前明显改善(P0.05),且观察者患者改善情况明显优于对照组(P0.05);观察组患者术后1、 2个月VAS评分明显低于对照组(P0.05)。术后12～16个月随访,所有患者均出现不同程度吞咽不适,术后6个月均消失。结论颈前路椎间盘切除椎间植骨融合术结合内固定术治疗脊髓型颈椎病,可明显改善患者临床症状,且创伤较小,临床疗效较好,值得应用推广。     

单纯性神经根型颈椎病的手术治疗

目的　探讨神经根型颈椎病的定位诊断、手术方法及疗效。方法　对 12例单纯性神经根型颈椎病行前外侧钩椎关节切除植骨融合术或前路椎间盘切除植骨融合术 ,术后平均随访时间 2年 8个月。结果　疗效优 6例 ,良 4例 ,可 2例 ,优良率83 3%。结论　前外侧钩椎关节切除植骨融合术或前路椎间盘切除植骨融合术治疗神经根型颈椎病疗效满意。定位诊断对手术疗效至关重要。颈椎MRI结合CT能协助定位诊断。     

颈椎节段不稳在交感型颈椎病中的作用

目的：探讨颈椎不稳定在交感型颈椎病中的作用及手术治疗的效果。方法：回顾伴有交感型颈椎病表现的混合型颈椎病12例,观察颈椎不稳定、围领制动效果,MRI表现及手术的治疗效果等指标。结果：颈椎X线表现：7例出现颈椎不稳定。围领制动效果：5例经围领制动后症状明显缓解,7例经围领制动后症状轻度缓解。MRI：7例在不稳定节段脊髓可见异常信号。手术效果：7例术后交感神经症状明显缓解,治疗效果为优,7例均为节段不稳的患者;4例术后交感神经症状轻度缓解,治疗效果为良;1例术后交感神经症状稍有缓解,治疗效果为中。结论：颈椎不稳定是交感型颈椎病发病的重要因素,手术治疗颈椎不稳所致的交感型颈椎病有良好的疗效。     

前路经椎间隙减压固定融合术治疗伴交感神经症状颈椎病的疗效分析

目的:探讨前路经椎间隙减压固定融合术治疗伴交感神经症状颈椎病的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析2001年10月～2010年10月手术治疗的伴有明显头晕、头痛等交感神经症状的颈椎病患者156例,其中脊髓型59例,脊髓-神经根混合型97例。病变涉及单节段108例,2个节段39例,3个节段6例,4个节段3例。对全部病变节段行前路经椎间隙减压固定融合术,术中均彻底切除病变椎间隙处后纵韧带。观察比较术前、术后1周及末次随访时临床症状及影像学情况,采用交感神经症状20分法和JOA 17分法评定交感神经症状和脊髓神经功能改善情况。在颈椎正侧位及伸屈动力位X线片上进行影像学评价。结果:32例患者术后有一过性咽喉部疼痛不适感,经对症处理于术后3～5d症状均消失;无脑脊液漏、感染和血管、神经损伤。随访8～42个月,平均25个月。交感神经症状评分术前6.4±1.7分,术后1周1.6±1.7分,末次随访时2.4±1.4分,主观满意率79%;JOA评分术前9.8±2.4分,术后1周11.9±2.5分,末次随访12.9±2.2分。术后1周、末次随访时交感神经症状评分和JOA评分与术前比较均有统计学差异(P<0.05),末次随访时与术后1周比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。末次随访时X线片显示手术节段均已融合,颈椎稳定性良好,无内固定松动和断裂。2例于术后3年因脊髓神经症状加重行二次后路减压手术。结论:颈前路经椎间隙减压固定融合术结合术中彻底切除病变椎间隙处后纵韧带治疗伴交感神经症状颈椎病的疗效良好。     

Surgical treatment of cervical spondylotic radiculomyelopathy with abnormal involuntary neck movements. Report of three cases

Cervical spondylotic myelopathy usually arises in patients in their late 40s or early 50s, most frequently at the C5/6 and C6/7 levels. Recently, excellent results have been attained with microsurgery in cases of cervical spondylosis. On the other hand, treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy in patients with athetoid dystonic cerebral palsy entails several problems. The authors report three cases of such troublesome myelopathy. A 34-year-old male with severe athetoid movement showed cervical spondylotic myelopathy. Myelography and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging demonstrated compression of the spinal cord through the C3-C5 levels. A 47-year-old female with athetoid dystonic cerebral palsy presented myelopathy. Myelography and MR imaging showed instability and spinal cord compression at the C5/6 level. A 34-year-old male with spasmodic torticollis showed C6 radiculopathy due to cervical disc hernia at the C5/6 level. Cervical anterior decompression with interbody fusion brought temporary improvement in all the three patients. However, such problems as slippage of Halo-vest, difficulty in eating during Halo-vest fixation, relapse of neurological deficit, were experienced. Due to postoperative cervical instability, cervical laminectomy is considered to be contraindicated in such patients. Anterior decompression with bone fusion has been reported effective, but, if athetoid dystonia continues, there is a potential for myelopathic deterioration due to spondylotic changes adjacent to the fused vertebrae.     

颈性眩晕外科治疗的指征及疗效探讨

目的探讨颈性眩晕外科治疗的指征及疗效。方法回顾分析2004年1月~2006年4月颈性眩晕患者100例,均经颈椎动力位及MRI检查。其中颈椎不稳21例:1个节段不稳5例,2个节段不稳10例,3个节段不稳6例;颈椎不稳主要发生于C4,5、C5,6节段;21例患者中MRI显示共43个不稳节段,其中32个节段合并颈椎间盘退变突出、硬膜囊出现压迹。本组21例患者均行颈前路椎间盘切除减压融合内固定术。结果21例均获随访,时间为12~39个月,术后12例眩晕获得缓解,5例有改善,4例眩晕改善不显著。手术治疗优良率为80%。结论颈椎不稳合并硬膜囊受压可以作为颈性眩晕的手术指征;采用颈前路椎间盘切除减压融合内固定治疗有较高的优良率。     

交感型颈椎病患者颈椎不稳定的X线测量

目的:探讨颈椎过屈、过伸侧位X线片在交感型颈椎病诊断中的应用及意义。方法:应用游标卡尺和测角仪测量了30例交感型颈椎病患者和30例正常人的过屈、过伸侧位X线片,将C2/3、C3/4、C4/5、C5/6角位移和椎体间滑移分别进行统计、分析和对比。结果:在过伸、过屈位片上交感型颈椎病患者与正常人比较,C4/5、C5/6间角位移和C3/4、C4/5、C5/6椎体间滑移显著增大(P<0.05)。结论:交感型颈椎病颈椎不稳定好发于C4/5,其次是C5/6、C3/4节段,过伸、过屈位片角位移和椎体间滑移在交感型颈椎病的诊断中意义更大,根据本组数据可推算出引起交感神经症状颈椎不稳的X线诊断标准。     

Clinical adjacent-segment pathology after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: results after a minimum of 10-year follow-up

Background context

Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion using cervical plates has been seen as effective at relieving cervical radiculopathy and myelopathy symptoms. Although it is commonly used, subsequent disc degeneration at levels adjacent to the fusion remains an important problem. However, data on the frequency, impact, and predisposing factors for this pathology are still rare.

Purpose

To evaluate the incidence, predisposing factors, and impact of radiographic and clinical adjacent-segment pathologies after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion using cervical plates and to analyze the efficacy of this surgical method over the long term, after a minimum follow-up period of 10 years.

Study design

Retrospective clinical study.

Patient sample

Our study was a retrospective analysis of 177 patients who underwent anterior cervical discectomy and fusion using cervical plates, with follow-up periods of at least 10 years (mean 16.2 years).

Outcome measures

Radiographic adjacent-segment pathology using plain radiographs and clinical adjacent-segment pathology after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion using cervical plates.

Methods

We defined a new grading system of plain radiographic evidence of degenerative changes in adjacent discs after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion using cervical plates; Grade 0 is considered normal, and Grade V consists the presence of posterior osteophytes and a decrease in disc height to less than 50% of normal. The incidence, predisposing factors, and impact of radiographic and clinical adjacent-segment pathologies were analyzed according to etiologies, number of fused segments, and plate-to-disc distance.

Results

Radiographic and clinical adjacent-segment pathologies were found in 92.1% and 19.2%, respectively, of patients. By etiology, clinical adjacent-segment pathology was observed in 13.5% of patients who had sustained trauma, 12.7% of those with disc herniation, and 33.3% of those with spondylosis. By number of fused segments, clinical adjacent-segment pathology was found in 13.2% of patients who underwent single-level fusion and in 32.1% of those who underwent multilevel fusion surgeries. Patients with a plate-to-disc distance of less than 5 mm, who had spondylosis, or who underwent multilevel fusion had a higher incidence of clinical adjacent-segment pathology after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion using cervical plates than other groups did (p<.05). Of all patients, only 6.8% needed follow-up surgery.

Conclusions

We found that over the long term, at a minimum follow-up point of 10 years, a plate-to-disc distance of less than 5 mm, having spondylosis, and undergoing multilevel fusion were predisposing factors for the occurrence of clinical adjacent-segment pathology. Nevertheless, the incidence of clinical findings of adjacent-segment pathology was much lower than the incidence of radiographic findings. Also, the rate of follow-up surgery was low. Therefore, anterior cervical discectomy and fusion using cervical plates can be considered a safe and effective procedure.     

颈前路经皮椎间盘摘除术在早期颈椎病中的应用

为探讨经皮椎间盘摘除术在颈椎病治疗中的适应证及疗效,在局麻下对30例颈椎病患者30个椎间盘行颈前路经皮穿刺切除术,其中C_(4-5)16例,C_(5～6)14例。术后随访6～24个月。结果:13例术前症状体征完全缓解,8例症状体征显著改善,优良率70％。表明颈前路经皮椎间盘摘除术在颈椎病治疗中是一种可行、有效的措施,严格选择适应证是提高成功率的关键。     

以交感神经症状为主颈椎病患者的手术治疗

目的:探讨以交感症状为主的颈椎病患者的手术治疗方法和疗效.方法:2003年7月至2007年7月,我科手术治疗18例以交感神经症状为主的颈椎病患者,所有患者术前影像学检查均有颈椎不稳和不同程度的脊髓或神经根受压表现,JOA评分12.4±1.9分,北医三院40分法评分28.7±5.3分.采用前路扩大减压植骨融合术,同时应用内固定重建颈椎稳定性.随访患者JOA评分及北医三院评分改善情况,统计交感神经症状缓解以及并发症发生情况.结果:14例患者采用前路椎间扩大减压植骨融合内固定术,4例采用前路椎体次全切除植骨融合内固定术.术中无血管神经损伤、脑脊液漏等严重并发症发生.6例患者术后有一过性咽喉部疼痛不适,出院时均已消失.随访18～58个月,平均36个月,术后3个月随访时JOA评分和北医三院评分分别为15.2±1.4分和34.3±4.8分,末次随访时分别为15.6±1.0分和35.1±4.4分.两种评分术后3个月和末次随访时与术前相比均存在显著性差异(P<0.05),术后3个月和末次随访时比较无显著性差异(P>0.05).术后交感症状缓解优7例,良10例,差1例.随访时影像学检查显示植骨融合满意,没有颈椎不稳定.结论:颈前路手术充分减压、重建颈椎生理曲度和稳定性治疗以交感神经症状为主的颈椎病可获得满意疗效.