35例异基因造血干细胞移植患者死因分析

目的：分析异基因造血干细胞移植术后患者不同的死亡原因,对影响移植术后患者长期生存的不利因素进行探讨。方法采用经典改良白消安／环磷酰胺（Bu／Cy ）为基础的预处理方案,配合经动员的骨髓和（或）外周血造血干细胞输注,辅以预防感染、控制移植物抗宿主病（GVHD）等治疗,并观察造血干细胞移植治疗期间及随访过程中发生死亡的患者,进行死亡原因的回顾性分析。结果35例死亡患者中,11例疾病复发,15例严重感染（其中9例合并GV HD ,Ⅰ～Ⅱ度GV HD3例,Ⅲ～Ⅳ度GV HD者6例）,2例造血功能衰竭,2例颅内出血,1例肺水肿,1例猝死,1例严重肠道GV HD ,1例疾病进展,1例溶血危象。移植后100 d内移植相关病死率为5．7％,移植后100 d至1年内移植相关病死率为8．1％,3年病死率为16．2％,5年病死率为16．7％。结论感染、GV HD和疾病复发是造血干细胞移植术后患者的最常见死因。移植后1年内容易发生致命性的感染,且感染常常合并GVHD ,恶性血液病患者合并慢性移植物抗宿主病（cGVHD）复发率较低。     

异基因造血干细胞移植后肠道移植物抗宿主病

目的 观察异基因造血干细胞移植(allo-HSCT)后肠道急性移植物抗宿主病(aGVHD)的临床特征、治疗及转归. 方法 15例(6例急性髓系白血病,5例急性淋巴细胞白血病,3例慢性髓系白血病和1例多发性骨髓瘤)患者行allo-HSCT.预处理方案包括:4例氟达拉滨(Flu)+阿糖胞苷(Ara-c)+全身放疗(TBI)+环磷酰胺(CY)、5例TBI+ CY+依托泊苷(VP-16)、2例TBI+ CY、4例白消安(Bu)+CY.以环孢素A、霉酚酸酯、抗淋巴细胞球蛋白加短程甲氨蝶呤预防aGVHD. 结果 15例患者发生肠道aGVHD的中位时间为移植后39(19-143)d,Ⅲ度aGVHD 8例,Ⅳ度aGVHD7例.经治疗,7例患者获得完全缓解,3例部分缓解,5例疗效欠佳,治疗总有效率为66.7％. 结论 肠道aGVHD是allo-HSCT后常见的最严重并发症之一,有效治疗直接关系到疾病的预后.     

异基因造血干细胞移植后迟发性非感染肺部并发症分析

目的 分析异基因造血干细胞移植（allo-HSCT）后迟发性非感染肺部并发症（LONIPC）的临床特征、治疗和转归。方法对17例确诊恶性血液病接受allo-HSCT且生存期超过3个月确诊为LONIPC的患者临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果LONIPC发病率为17．7％,起病中位时间为移植后6．5个月（3～13．5个月）,7例出现于环孢素A（CSA）快速减量过程中。15例发病时合并有慢性移植物抗宿主病（cGVHD）。发病初期均表现为不同程度的呼吸困难、干咳,5例有低、中度发热。肺部CT特征：毛玻璃样改变,不规则片状实变、条索、结节状影等。肺组织病理特征：问质内淋巴细胞、浆细胞及组织细胞浸润,肺间质纤维组织增生,肺泡闭塞。皮质激素和辅以CSA治疗有效率为70．6％,早期治疗疗效优于晚期治疗。LONIPC相关死亡率为35．3％,迁延不愈患者CT提示肺组织纤维化。结论LONIPC的临床表现及影像学无特异性,诊断需结合肺功能检查、肺活检病理,并排除原体感染,其中肺组织病理检查对诊断有重要意义;LONIPC可能是cGVHD在肺组织中的特殊表现,cGVHD是LONIPC诊断的重要佐证;早期皮质激素治疗及维持治疗时间充分,对LONIPC的缓解及防治肺部纤维化等后遗症有重要意义。     

监测FasL表达评估异基因造血干细胞移植后T细胞免疫功能状态

目的评估异基因造血干细胞移植后Ｔ淋巴细胞免疫功能状态。方法采用三色荧光标记的流式细胞术,对４例异基因造血干细胞移植、２例自体干细胞移植患者移植前后的Ｔ淋巴细胞及其亚群的ＦａｓＬ表达进行监测。结果移植前Ｔ细胞的ＴａｓＬ、表达率仅（２.１３％±２.０２％）,与正常对照组无显著差异（Ｐ＞０.０５）,移植后异基因造血干细胞移植患者ＦａｓＬ表达水平升高,尤以急性ＧＶＨＤ患者表达升高显著（Ｐ<０.０５）,而自体干细胞移植患者的ＦａｓＬ表达未见明显改变。结论异基因造血干细胞移植术后部分Ｔ淋巴细胞处于激活状态; ＦａｓＬ表达可能与ａＧＶＨＤ相关;对ＦａｓＬ表达的监测可从细胞、免疫分子两个层次对Ｔ细胞免疫功能状态进行评估,该体系的完善对临床判断预后、指导治疗可能有较直接的参考价值。     

异基因造血干细胞移植后合并感染的诊断和治疗

目的研究分析异基因造血干细胞移植后合并感染患者的临床特点。方法对医院22例异基因造血干细胞移植后合并感染的患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,将其设为感染组。同期的28例未发生感染的患者设为对照组,再将两组患者的临床基本资料及预后进行比较。结果两组患者在性别、年龄、移植方式和原发疾病方面差异无统计学意义,P均>0.05;两组患者的移植物抗宿主病发生率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组痊愈11例,显效6例,死亡5例,病死率为22.73%,对照组则24例患者长期存活,4例死亡,病死率为14.29%,两组死亡率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论异基因造血干细胞移植后合并感染的病情复杂,病死率高,与移植物抗宿主病有关,临床上需要综合治疗。     

异基因造血干细胞移植后急性移植物抗宿主病与肺损伤的关系

目的 分析研究异基因造血干细胞移植(allo-HSCT)后急性移植物抗宿主病(Agvhd)患者CT影像学特征和Agvhd诱导肺损伤的发病机制.方法 对47例Ⅱ～Ⅳ度Agvhd患者进行胸部CT检查及Agvhd发生时血清干扰素γ(IFN-γ)和肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)测定,4例抗Agvhd治疗后肺损伤疗效不佳患者进行肺组织活检,生存期＞6个月的患者定期肺功能和CT检查.结果 47例患者在Agvhd后3 d内CT显示20例异常,其中17例疑诊为Agvhd诱导肺损伤(5例弥漫性间质渗出、7例弥漫性间质和肺泡渗出、5例弥漫性间质和部分小叶肺泡渗出);此外,9例患者有双侧胸腔和心包积液,4例伴心肌肥厚.血清IFN-γ和TNF-a水平在有肺损伤和无肺损伤患者分别为:(6.9±1.8)μg/L、(400±102)μg/L和(6.3±1.2)μg/L、(428±83)μg/,L,两者比较差异无统计学意义(均P＞0.05).肺组织病理显示组织结构破坏、上皮细胞损伤、间质纤维化和以T细胞或巨噬细胞为主的浸润.Agvhd治疗与肺损伤治疗有效率呈正相关(r=0.771,P=0.01).结论 肺是Agvhd作用的靶器官之一,T细胞、巨噬细胞和IFN-Γtnf-α与Agvhd造成肺损伤有关,Agvhd肺损伤可迁延为晚期非感染性肺损伤.     

31例异基因造血干细胞移植患者疗效观察

目的:观察异基因造血干细胞移植治疗恶性血液病的临床疗效.方法:选取住院接受异基因移植患者31例,采用改良马利兰/环磷酰胺(Bu/Cy)方案预处理,对移植后造血重建、移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)及生存率进行分析.结果:31例患者全部植活,100％获造血重建,GVHD发生率为19.4％,移植后100 d内移植相关死亡率为3....     

异基因外周血造血干细胞和骨髓混合移植治疗白血病12例

目的探讨异基因外周血造血干细胞和骨髓混合移植治疗白血病的疗效。方法 12例白血病患者,人白细胞抗原（HLA）配型全相合11例,2个位点不相合1例,采用粒细胞集落刺激因子（G-CSF）动员的外周血造血干细胞和骨髓联合移植,环孢素A联合甲氨蝶呤加/不加吗替麦考酚酯方案预防移植物抗宿主病（GVHD）。结果 12例患者均获得异体植活,中性粒细胞（ANC）〉0.5×109L-1,血小板（BPC）〉20×109L-1的中位时间分别为移植后的11 d（10-15 d）和14.5 d（11-43 d）。有3例发生了Ⅰ度急性GVHD,1例发生了Ⅱ度急性GVHD。在可评估的7例患者中有1例出现了局限的慢性GVHD。有3例患者因白血病复发而死亡,另1例因植活后感染死亡,其余8例中位随访时间13个月（2-29个月）,均无病生存。结论外周血造血干细胞和骨髓混合移植对HLA配型全相合和部分相合患者是安全有效的移植方法。     

异基因造血干细胞移植后肺炎的病因分析

目的:分析异基因造血干细胞移植后肺炎的临床特点和病因谱.方法:总结北京大学血液病研究所1998至2001连续4年中255例异基因造血干细胞移植受者中发生移植后肺炎的资料.结果:66例发生移植后肺炎的患者累计发病72例次,总发病率25.9%;50例患者的移植后肺炎被治愈,占75%.病因分析显示,细/真菌感染性移植后肺炎12例次(16.7%),巨细胞病毒性肺炎22例次(30.6%),特发性肺炎综合征36例次(50.0%).总死亡率为22.7%.发生特发性肺炎综合征的患者较多伴发慢性移植物抗宿主病,免疫抑制剂治疗有效.结论:异基因造血干细胞移植后肺炎是移植后常见的合并症,其病因学包括感染和非感染因素,针对病因的治疗可以改善预后.     

供者调控T细胞对异基因造血干细胞移植后造血与免疫重建、移植物抗宿主病发生及生存的影响

目的 研接受不同数量供者CD4 CD25 调控T细胞(TReg)移植对异基因造血干细胞移植(allo-HSCT)患者移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)的发生和造血与免疫重建的影响.方法 对30例接受allo-HSCT患者采用流式细胞仪测定移植物中的TReg值和移植后患者不同时间点外周血T淋巴细胞亚群及TReg.按移植供者TReg绝对数是否大于或等于10.0×10/kg为标准分为高TReg移植组和低TReg移植组,比较两组患者移植后造血与免疫重建、TReg重建、GVHD发生及无病生存率有无差异.结果 高TReg组的白细胞(WBC)和血小板(PLT)重建时间分别为 (8.62±2.29)d和 (12.69±5.74)d,低TReg组分别为 (8.88±2.71)d和 (15.18±6.71)d(P值分别为0.778和0.613),两组间WBC和PLT重建时间无显著性差异.高TReg组患者移植后 15 dCD4 CD3 ,CD45RO CD4 T细胞重建, 30dCD3 、CD4 CD3 T细胞重建明显快于低TReg组患者(P值分别为0.039、0.024、0.014、0.020).高TReg组患者移植后 15 dCD4 CD25 TReg重建, 180 d与低TReg组相比明显加快(P值分别为0.013、0.005).高TReg组和低TReg组患者急性GVHD发生率分别为61.54%(8/13)和94.12%(16/17),两组统计有显著性差异(P=0.027),移植的供者TReg数与急性GVHD的发生程度呈负相关(rs=0.393,P=0.032).高与低TReg组无病生存率分别为(60.40±16.10)%和(72.00±2.00)%,无显著性差异(P=0.818).结论 供者TReg能促进allo-HSCT后免疫重建及CD4 CD25 TReg重建,降低移植后急性GVHD的发生率.     

21例异基因外周血造血干细胞移植治疗白血病中GVHD防治的研究

目的探讨异基因外周血造血干细胞移植(ALLO-PBSCT)治疗白血病过程中移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)的发生状况防治方法及疗效.方法Allo-PBSCT治疗白血病21例,预防GVHD发生主要采用环孢霉素A(CsA)加短程甲氨碟呤(MTX)等.结果21例患者经ALLO-PBSCT后均获得造血功能重建,GVHD的发生率为38%,3例重度急性GVHD(aGVHD)死亡2例,GVHD组的复发、死亡率较未出现GVHD组低.结论CsA加短程MTX预防GVHD的发生可获得较好的疗效,GVHD组患者的复发、死亡率低于未出现GVHD组,提示GVHD过程中伴有移植物抗白血病效应(GVL).     

Clinical and serological characterization of autoimmune hemolytic anemia after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Background Autoimmune hemolytic anemia （AIHA） is an uncommon complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation （allo-HSCT） which has only been reported in a few cases.We here aimed to explore its mechanism.Methods We retrospectively analyzed 296 patients who underwent allo-HSCT in our center from July 2010 to July 2012.Clinical manifestations were carefully reviewed and the response to currently available treatment approaches were evaluated.The survival and risk factors of AIHA patients after allo-HSCT were further analyzed.Results Twelve patients were diagnosed with AIHA at a median time of 100 days （15-720 days） after allo-HSCT.The incidence of AIHA after allo-HSCT was 4.1％.IgG antibody were detected in ten patients and IgM antibody in two patients.The two cold antibody AIHA patients had a better response to steroid corticoid only treatment and the ten warm antibody AIHA patients responded to corticosteroid treatment and adjustment of immunosuppressant therapy.Rituximab was shown to be effective for AIHA patients who failed conventional therapy.Survival analysis showed that the combination of AIHA in allo-HSCT patients hinted at poor survival.Cytomegalovirus （CMV） infection,graft-versus-host disease （GVHD） and histocompatibility leukocyte antigen （HLA） mismatch seemed to increase the risk of developing AIHA.Conclusions Patients who develop AIHA after allo-HSCT have poor survival compared to non-AIHA patients.Possible risk factors of AIHA are CMV infection,GVHD,and HLA mismatch.Rituximab is likely to be the effective treatment choice for the refractory patients.     

Expressions of tissue factor and tissue factor pathway inhibitor in patients with acute graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

This study examined the expressions of human serum tissue factor （TF） and tissue factor pathway inhibitor （TFPI） in patients with acute graft-versus-host disease （aGVHD） after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation （allo-HSCT） and their clinical significance. The serum TF and TFPI levels were detected by ELISA in 28 allo-HSCT recipients before and after the transplanta-tion and the changes of TF and TFPI levels were dynamically monitored at different phases of the disease. No significant differences in the serum TF and TFPI levels were found in allo-HSCT recipi-ents in the absence of aGVHD or with gradeⅠaGVHD before and after the transplantation. The lev-els of serum TF and TFPI were substantially increased in the patients with gradeⅡ aGVHD at the peak of aGVHD （P〈0.05） and they were even higher in the patients with grade Ⅲ–Ⅳ aGVHD （P〈0.01）. When the conditions became stable after treatment with immunosuppressive agents, the serum TFPI level was decreased to the baseline level （P〉0.05） and the TF level was lowered but still higher than the baseline level （P〈0.05）. It was concluded that the levels of serum TF and TFPI were increased significantly in the patients with grade Ⅱ–Ⅳ aGVHD after allo-HSCT and decreased markedly after the treatment. Monitoring the levels of serum TF and TFPI in the patients with allo-HSCT is important to predict the occurrence, outcome and prognosis of aGVHD.     

Changes in the T-cell receptor Vβ gene repertoire after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Background We distinguished graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) from graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effects and to investigate the distribution of T-cell receptor (TCR) Vβ gene repertoire in individuals with leukemia before and after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were obtained from 10 normal individuals, 8 donors and 11 patients with leukemia before and after transplantation. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) of 24 TCR Vβ genes was used to examine serial samples of PBMC. The PCR products were further analyzed by genescan to evaluate clonality of T cells. Results The 24 TCR Vβ gene repertoire displayed highly diverse and polyclonal spectratypes in all normal individuals and 4 of 8 donors. Another 4 donors expressed part of the 24 TCR V~ subfamily and 1 donor had oligoclonality. The expressions of the 24 TCR V~ subfamilies were skewed and restricted in 11 leukemia patients before and after transplantation. Some absences of 24 TCR Vβ subfamily expression were quite similar between the recipients pro-transplantation and related donors. The number of subfamilies expressed increased over time post-transplantation, but the restricted expressions of the subfamily could last 6-30 months after transplantation. All patients with GVHD and some without GVHD exhibited T cell clonal expansion. The expansive T cell clone was distributed in Vβ 2-3, 16-17, 18-19, 21 and Vβ 23 in patients with GVHD and in Vβ 7, 9, 16 and 19 in patients without GVHD. One patient with syngeneic-HSCT (syn-HSCT) had Vβ 15 and 16 T cell expansion after transplantation. One patient displayed Vβ 18 T cell expansion after donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI). Conclusions Normal individuals express the entire 24 TCR Vβ gene repertoire and have polyclonal distribution. However, the TCR Vβ gene repertoire is only partially expressed in some donors. The TCR Vβ gene repertoire is restrictedly expressed in a skew fashion in patients with leukemia before and after transplantation. The number of TCR Vβ gene subfamilies increases over time posttransplantation. GVHD and GVL effects may induce the proliferation of T cell clones. Clinical GVL response may be distinguished from GVHD alloreactivity through the host MHC antigen.     

父方否决细胞对小鼠半相合干细胞移植模型移植物抗宿主病的预防作用

目的 探讨父方否决细胞对小鼠半相合干细胞移植模型移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)是否起预防作用.方法 以B6CF1(H-2 b/d)作为半相合干细胞移植的受鼠,给予9.0 Gy全身照射后4 h,单纯照射组经尾静脉注射0.3 ml D-Hank's 液,不进行细胞移植;对照组经尾静脉注射C57BL/6小鼠混合细胞悬液(4.5×106骨髓细胞 3.0×107脾细胞),但不进行其他治疗处理;实验组于移植4 d后经尾静脉注射BALB/c小鼠脾细胞悬液(数量分别为5.0×106、1.0×107),然后观察其造血恢复、植入及移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)的情况.结果 由于没有给予GVHD防治措施,对照组受鼠GVHD的发生率和死亡率分别为10/10和10/10;而1/6量否决细胞组小鼠GVHD的发生率为5/10,30 d生存率增加至5/10(P＜0.01),5只因GVHD死亡的受鼠中位生存期为20 d,较对照组(中位生存期14 d)有显著性差异(P＜0.05);1/3量否决细胞组小鼠GVHD的发生率为2/10,30 d生存率增加至8/10,中位生存期延长至30 d以上(P＜0.05).结论 半相合干细胞移植后输注父方否决细胞,可以诱导特异性免疫耐受,显著降低半相合干细胞移植GVHD的发生率.     

Immunosuppression for 6–8 weeks after modified donor lymphocyte infusion reduced acute graft-versus-host disease without influencing graft-versus-leukemia effect in haploidentical transplant

Background In haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation （HSCT）, the duration of graft-versus-host disease （GVHD） prophylaxis after modified donor lymphocyte infusion （DLI） was the only risk factor of DLI-associated grades 3-4 acute GVHD. However, the successful application of modified DLI depended not only on the reduction of severe GVHD, but also on the preservation of graft-versus-leukemia （GVL） effect. Therefore, this study was performed to compare the impact of prophylaxis for 6-8 weeks and prophylaxis for 〈6 weeks on GVL effect after modified DLI in haploidentical HSCT. Methods A total of 103 consecutive patients developing hematological relapse or minimal residual disease （MRD）-positive status after haploidentical HSCT and receiving modified DLI were investigated retrospectively. Fifty-two patients received prophylaxis for 6-8 weeks after modified DLI; the remaining 51 patients received prophylaxis for 〈6 weeks. Results First, compared with prophylaxis for 〈6 weeks, prophylaxis for 6-8 weeks reduced incidence of relapse in total patients （26.6% vs. 69.0%, P 〈0.001）. Besides, prophylaxis for 6-8 weeks also reduced incidence of relapse in 54 patients developing hematological relapse post-transplant （P=0.018） and in 49 patients developing MRD-positive status post-transplant （P 〈0.001）. Second, prophylaxis for 6-8 weeks reduced incidence of acute GVHD （P 〈0.05）, reduced the therapeutic application of immunosuppressive agents （P=0.019）, but increased the incidence of chronic GVHD （P〈0.05）. Third, prophylaxis for 6-8 weeks improved overall survival and disease-free survival in total patients, as well as in patients developing hematological relapse post-transplant and in patients developing MRD-positive status post-transplant （P 〈0.05）. Conclusions In haploidentical HSCT, prophylaxis for 6-8 weeks after modified DLI does not reduce GVL effect, but reduces the incidence of DLI-associated acute GVHD compared with prophylaxis for 〈6 weeks.     

环孢素A+甲氨蝶呤+霉酚酸酯+抗胸腺细胞球蛋白四联方案预防无关供体造血干细胞移植中的移植物抗宿主病

目的评价环孢素A(CsA) 甲氨蝶呤(MTX) 霉酚酸酯(MMF)和低剂量抗胸腺细胞球蛋白(ATG)预防无关供体造血干细胞移植(URD-HSCT)中移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)的疗效。方法13与11例白血病患者分别接受URD-HSCT和相关供体(RD)-HSCT。移植预处理方案:19例应用全身放疗 环磷酰胺方案、5例应用改良BuCY(羟基脲、马利兰、阿糖胞苷、环磷酰胺)方案;无关移植病人供体与受体之间HLA-A、B、DR基因位点完全相合11例,1个基因位点不合2例。所有相关移植病人供体与受体之间血清学位点均为全相合;预防GVHD方案:所有病人均接受CsA MTX方案,行URD-HSCT病人在CsA MTX方案基础上加用MMF和ATG。结果移植后所有患者均获得造血重建,移植中预处理相关毒性(RRT)发生率和程度在无关与相关移植中二者无差异(P>0.05);急性GVHD(aGVHD)在无关与相关移植病人分别为46.2%和55.6%,在可统计的慢性GVHD(cGVHD)病人中,无关移植是4/7例,相关移植6/9例;无关与相关移植病人中分别有1例死于移植相关并发症,移植后1年估计无病生存率在无关与相关移植分别为87.5%和90.9%;移植后巨细胞病毒(CMV)抗原阳性率在无关与相关移植无差异(P>0.05)。结论CsA MTX MMF ATG四联方案预防URD-HSCT中GVHD能降低aGVHD的发生及其程度,不增加移植后相关死亡率和CMV感染率。     

Allo-HSCT患者术后环孢素A血药浓度与急性移植物抗宿主病的关系

目的研究异基因造血干细胞移植(allo-HSCT)患者环孢素A(CsA)血药浓度水平与急性移植物抗宿主病(aGVHD)的关系。方法回顾性分析2007年1月至2011年12月期间广州医学院第一附属医院46例allo-HSCT患者术后的临床资料,分别比较术后aGVHD与无aGVHD患者的性别、年龄、体重、身高以及术后不同时段CsA血药浓度水平的差异,并且比较Ⅰ~Ⅱ级与Ⅲ~Ⅳ级aGVHD患者的CsA血药浓度水平差异。结果 39.13%(18/46)的患者发生aGVHD。aGVHD组与无aGVHD组间患者的性别、年龄、体重、身高以及术后第三个月CsA血药浓度的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);但两组患者术后第一、二、三、四周和第一、二个月CsA血药浓度的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Ⅰ~Ⅱ级与Ⅲ~Ⅳ级aGVHD患者的CsA血药浓度差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 allo-HSCT患者aGVHD的发生与术后前两个月CsA血药浓度水平具有明显相关性。术后发生Ⅲ~Ⅳ级aGVHD患者的CsA血药浓度明显低于Ⅰ~Ⅱ级aGVHD的患者,说明低CsA血药浓度更易导致Ⅲ~Ⅳ级aGVHD的发生。     

未去除T细胞的单倍型相合造血干细胞移植的研究进展

HLA单倍型相合造血干细胞移植(human leukocyte antigen-haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation,HLA-haplo HSCT)是大多数血液病患者可选择的一种移植方式,能够节约寻找供者的时间和花费[1-2].二十多年以来,多种单倍型相合移植方式,包括保留或去除T细胞的单倍型移植显示出了较好的预后[3-4].多个移植中心报道,去除T细胞的外周血干细胞移植发生移植物抗宿主病(graft-versus-host disease,GVHD)的概率较低,但是,由于免疫功能恢复的延迟,该移植方式有较高的感染和肿瘤复发风险,增加了移植后死亡率,尤其是CD34+细胞纯化移植[2,5-6].因此,许多中心尝试采用不去除T细胞的骨髓干细胞方案[2,4,7],使用抗胸腺细胞免疫球蛋白(antithymocyte globulin,ATG)达到在体内去除T细胞的目的;用粒细胞集落刺激因子(granulocyte colony stimulating factor,G-CSF)动员造血干细胞,以期达到诱导T淋巴细胞向Th2方向分化的目的;或者移植后大剂量环磷酰胺选择性杀灭异体激活T细胞[7-8].我们将从预处理方案、GVHD预防、移植后真菌和巨细胞病毒感染、提高移植预后的方法等方面作一评述,并展望这一移植技术的未来.