别嘌呤醇对内淋巴积水模型豚鼠耳蜗的影响

目的建立豚鼠的内淋巴积水模型,并研究别嘌呤醇对豚鼠内淋巴积水耳蜗的影响.方法采用右侧枕后硬脑膜外进路微创内淋巴囊联合醛固酮腹腔注射制备豚鼠内淋巴积水模型,观察药物别嘌呤醇对豚鼠耳蜗形态和功能的影响.结果模型耳与正常耳比较耳蜗积水程度的差异有显著意义(P＜0.05)ABR反应阈的差异有显著意义(P＜0.05);治疗耳和预防耳比较耳蜗积水程度的差异有显著意义(P＜0.05)ABR反应阈的差异有显著意义(P＜0.05).结论内淋巴积水可以通过右侧枕后硬脑膜外进路微创内淋巴囊联合醛固酮腹腔注射来成功制备.别嘌呤醇在预防和治疗实验型内淋巴积水方面有较为显著的效果,同时可以降低听觉脑干电反应的阈值.(中国眼耳鼻喉科杂志,2006,684～85)     

内淋巴积水对豚鼠外周前庭频率感受功能的损伤

目的 探讨内淋巴积水对豚鼠外周前庭频率感受功能的损伤.方法 健康豚鼠40只,随机分为对照组、术后2周组（A组）、术后4周组（B组）、术后8周组（C组）,每组10只.术后组均行右侧内淋巴囊阻塞以建立内淋巴积水动物模型.于相应时间段用冰水试验和旋转试验诱发并记录眼震电图,然后处死相应组别动物,取右侧听泡进行切片并染色.结果 冰水试验时,A组有4只豚鼠（40％）引出眼震,但是眼震较微弱,持续时间较对照组短、眼震速度较慢.其余术后各组均未引出明显眼震.旋转试验时,对照组、A组、B组、C组左、右眼震慢相斜率无明显差异（P＞0.05）.染色结果显示,对照组耳蜗无膜迷路积水表现,而术后各组均出现不同程度膜迷路积水,前庭膜向前庭阶膨出.术后时间越长,积水程度越严重.结论 内淋巴囊阻塞可有效建立膜迷路积水的动物模型.内淋巴积水主要影响前庭器官的低频旋转感受功能.     

内淋巴积水动物模型的制备

目的为梅尼埃病的实验研究提供可靠的动物模型.方法以豚鼠为实验对象,介绍应用枕后硬脑膜外径路阻塞内淋巴囊制备内淋巴积水动物模型的方法.结果术后4周可见耳蜗各回前庭膜不同程度向前庭阶膨出.结论枕后硬脑膜外径路阻塞内淋巴囊是一种能造成内淋巴积水的造模方法.     

梅尼埃病畸变产物耳声发射的临床听力学特征

目的探讨梅尼埃病畸变产物耳声发射(distortion product otoacoustic emissions,DPOAE)听力学表现,明确梅尼埃病DPOAE临床听力学特征.方法收治梅尼埃病336例,行纯音听阈与DPOAE测试,并绘出纯音听力图与DPOAE图.结果纯音听力测试,297名为感音神经性耳聋,39名听力正常;在DPOAE测试中,患耳检出率均较健耳低;对刺激频率组的几何平均频率(Fm)及它们所对应的DPOAE幅值,均显著低于健耳,且幅值重复性差;患耳检出阈显著高于健耳.纯音听阈均值(Pure tone average,PTA)≥40 dB的145例,DPOAE反应缺失;PTA≤35 dB,伴低频下降的98例,DPOAE低频或低、中频振幅下降或反应消失;DPOAE图与纯音听力图的病损频率范围一致,曲线基本吻合.39例听阈正常的梅尼埃病患者,DPOAE测试显示有程度不同的高频或高、中频或低频振幅下降或缺失.结论 DPOAE能鉴别出亚临床的病理改变,对梅尼埃病的早期诊断、动态监测与预后等有指导意义.     

听神经病DPOAE和ABR与病程的关系

目的分析听神经病患者畸变产物耳声发射(distortion product otoacoustic emission,DPOAE)和听性脑干反应(auditory brainstem response,ABR)随病程变化的不同表现,探讨两者之间的关系.方法收集25例(41耳)听神经病患者临床资料,按病程分为＜6个月、6个月～2年和＞2年3组,并分析各组DPOAE和ABR结果.结果病程＜6个月组患者DPOAE完全正常;病程6个月～2年组和＞2年组部分患者DPOAE异常,且随着病程延长,异常的比例增加.所有患者ABR均为严重异常,但病程＜6个月组患者ABR均可引出,病程6个月～2年组部分患者ABR可引出,病程＞2年组患者ABR均引不出.结论随着病变时期和程度不同,DPOAE会逐渐出现异常,ABR也会由阈值明显增高或波形异常发展至完全引不出.     

“2016与国际大师同行上海站”学术交流

由复旦大学附属眼耳鼻喉科医院听觉医学中心主办、广州优听电子科技有限公司协办的"2016与国际大师同行上海站"学术交流活动,于2016年5月31日下午3时在复旦大学附属眼耳鼻喉科医院召开。本次会议聚焦耳蜗生理机制研究,2位参加本次学术活动的美国专家,与50余位本院临床医师一起讨论分享了该领域的新理论、新技术和新进展。涉及的学术主题包括耳蜗生理活动     

幼年期豚鼠形觉剥夺性近视的动态变化

目的评价幼年期豚鼠在形觉剥夺性近视进展过程中眼球各项参数的动态变化。方法将48只幼年期雄性花色豚鼠(出生后3周)随机分为2组:实验组(单眼眼罩遮盖,n=24)和对照组(n=24)。每组又分为 4个亚组(n=6),分别在形觉遮盖开始前及开始后2、4、6和8周进行实验眼和对侧眼的生物学测量(屈光力、角膜曲率、眼轴长度、后巩膜干重)。使用线形相关分析遮盖时间与各测量参数之间的相关性。结果 (1)单眼面罩遮盖动物眼2周组实验眼较对侧眼增加(-1．79±0．58)D的近视(mean±SE;P<0．05;配对t检验;表1),遮盖8周组可达(-4．71±0．74)D(实验眼与对侧眼比较,所有时间段P<0．05);玻璃体腔长度较对侧眼延长,自遮盖2周组的(0．14±0．01)mm到遮盖8周组的(0．29±0．02)mm(试验眼与对侧眼比较,所有时间段P<0．05)。后巩膜干重较对侧眼减轻,自遮盖2周后的(-0．17±0．02)mg至遮盖8周后的(-0．35±0．04)mg(实验眼与对侧眼比较, 所有时间段P<0．05);(2)4组实验眼角膜曲率、前房深度、晶状体厚度与对侧眼之间无显著性差异(P>0．05)。 (3)对比实验眼与对侧眼之间屈光力、玻璃体腔长度、后巩膜干重的差异,面罩组和对照组之间存在显著性差异(所有时间段P<0．05)。(4)面罩组实验眼与对侧眼之间屈光力、玻璃体腔长度、后巩膜干重的差异与遮盖时间呈正相关关系。结论随时间的延长,遮盖豚鼠眼可诱导更多的近视度数,而后巩膜进一步变薄,干重减轻。     

Dynamic changes of ocular biometric parameters:a modified form-deprivation myopia model of young guinea pigs

AIM:To evaluate the dynamic ocular biometric changes of a modified form-deprivation myopia model in young guinea pigs.METHODS:The animals were randomly assigned to two groups:the monocularly deprived facemask group(MDF,with all the right eyes covered,n =24) and the normal control group(free of facemask,n =24).Each group was then equally divided into four subgroups which were followed up for 2,4,6 and 8 weeks,respectively.Parameters measured from every eye included refraction,corneal curvature,axial length and the dry weight of sclera at the posterior pole.RESULTS:All the facemasks remained in place during the follow-up.The covered eyes developed myopia with the vitreous chamber lengthening and the dry weight of posterior sclera reduced at each time point compared with the contralateral uncovered(P <0.05 at all time points).The changes had a linear correlation with the deprivation time(P <0.05).There were no significant differences in all the parameters between the uncovered eyes of MDF group and the normal control group(P >0.05 at all time points).CONCLUSION:Monocular form deprivation with the facemask is highly effective and non-invasive in inducing axial myopia in guinea pigs.The axial myopia is mainly caused by the increased vitreous chamber length and the weakened posterior sclera rigidity.The form-deprivation eye didn’t interfere with the natural development of the contralateral eye.     

Dynamic changes of ocular biometric parameters: a modified form-deprivation myopia model of young guinea pigs

AIM: To evaluate the dynamic ocular biometric changes of a modified form-deprivation myopia model in young guinea pigs. METHODS: The animals were randomly assigned to two groups: the monocularly deprived facemask group (MDF, with all the right eyes covered, n=24) and the normal control group(free of facemask, n=24). Each group was then equally divided into four subgroups which were followed up for 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks, respectively. Parameters measured from every eye included refraction, corneal curvature, axial length and the dry weight of sclera at the posterior pole. RESULTS: All the facemasks remained in place during the follow-up. The covered eyes developed myopia with the vitreous chamber lengthening and the dry weight of posterior sclera reduced at each time point compared with the contralateral uncovered(P<0.05 at all time points). The changes had a linear correlation with the deprivation time (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in all the parameters between the uncovered eyes of MDF group and the normal control group (P>0.05 at all time points). CONCLUSION: Monocular form deprivation with the facemask is highly effective and non-invasive in inducing axial myopia in guinea pigs. The axial myopia is mainly caused by the increased vitreous chamber length and the weakened posterior sclera rigidity. The form-deprivation eye didn't interfere with the natural development of the contralateral eye.     

豚鼠形觉剥夺早期生物学参数的动态变化研究

目的:研究幼年豚鼠形觉剥夺早期生物学参数变化,得出其形觉剥夺早期过程中屈光动态的变化规律。方法:将20只豚鼠(出生后大约3wk)随机分成2组:MDF组(单眼面罩形觉剥夺组,n=10)和正常对照组(n=10)。面罩组和正常对照组的动物在形觉剥夺开始前和开始后2,4,6,10和14d进行了双眼的生物学测量(屈光力、眼轴各部分长度及视网膜、脉络膜厚度)。结果:MDF组实验眼脉络膜厚度在第10,14d较对侧眼有显著性差异(P<0.05),但较正常对照眼均无显著性差异。结论:豚鼠形觉剥夺早期视网膜并不发生明显的厚度和病理改变,而脉络膜厚度有缩短的趋势。     

透镜诱导豚鼠眼屈光状态改变的研究

目的 研究不同度数的透镜对发育期豚鼠眼球屈光状态的影响,探讨豚鼠对透镜离焦的敏感性. 方法将40只豚鼠随机分成A组(0 D)、B组(完全矫正)、C组(实际屈光度-2 D)、D组(-3 D)、E组(-6 D)、F组(-10 D)和G组( 6D)进行透镜诱导,实验前后分别检测双眼的屈光度和眼轴长度.结果 E组、F组诱导出(-3.32±1.07)D和(-3.43±0.24)D的近视;G组诱导出(4.28±2.20)D的远视;B组变化不明显;C组诱导眼实验后的屈光度为(1.80±0.48)D,与对照眼比较,远视度数高(P<0.01);D组诱导眼实验后的屈光度为(0.30±2.17)D,屈光度和眼轴的变化与对照眼比较差异无统计学意义.结论诱导透镜的度数与诱导后的屈光度呈正相关,透镜度数越大,效果越显著,表明发育期豚鼠对透镜引起的远视性和近视性离焦是敏感的.     

形觉剥夺性近视豚鼠巩膜形态学观察

目的观察形觉剥夺性近视豚鼠眼后极部巩膜的改变。方法4周龄豚鼠14只,随机分为正常对照组(Ⅰ组),形觉剥夺(FD)组(Ⅱ组)。Ⅱ组豚鼠右眼采用半透明眼罩遮盖的方法建立形觉剥夺近视模型,2周后检测其屈光度、眼轴长,并观察后极部巩膜组织的光镜、电镜改变。结果2周后剥夺眼屈光度相对于对照眼及年龄匹配对照组分别为-3.1 D±1.60 D,-3.2 D±1.72 D(P<0.01)。剥夺眼眼轴相对于对照眼(7.90 mm±0.13 mm、7.87 mm±0.17 mm,P<0.01)和正常眼(7.90 mm±0.13 mm、7.70 mm±0.16 mm,P<0.05)明显延长。剥夺眼后极部巩膜组织变薄,胶原纤维直径变小,纤维间空间增大。结论形觉剥夺刺激豚鼠眼巩膜组织变薄,其改变与人类近视巩膜组织改变相似。     

Adenosine receptor protein changes in guinea pigs with form deprivation myopia

Acta Ophthalmol. 2010: 88: 759–765

Abstract.

Purpose: Recent results have shown that treatment with the non‐selective adenosine antagonist 7‐methylxanthine (7‐MX) reduces the development of form deprivation myopia (FDM) in guinea pigs. The aims of this study were to identify the presence of adenosine receptors (AdoRs) in the eye wall of the guinea pig and to determine their possible changes during form deprivation. Methods: Three‐week‐old guinea pigs were monocularly treated with a translucent lens to induce FDM. After 21 days, samples were taken from the posterior eye wall and examined with immunofluorescence confocal microscopy for the presence of AdoRA1, AdoRA2A, AdoRA2B and AdoRA3 proteins. Western blot analysis was used to quantitate AdoRs in samples from the retina, choroids and sclera. Results: All four subtypes of AdoR were expressed in the posterior wall of the guinea pig eye, although AdoRA3 only weakly. Twenty‐one days after the induction of myopia, we observed a significant decrease in protein expression for AdoRA1 (? 25.5%) and an increase in protein expression for AdoRA2B (+ 66.7%) in the retina of FDM eyes. Conclusions: AdoRs of all subtypes are expressed in the retina, choroids and sclera in guinea pigs and may play a role in the regulation of eye growth. The changed pattern of AdoR expression during form deprivation confirms that pharmaceutical intervention targeting AdoRs may reduce myopia progression.