空军地面干部健康体检疾病谱调查分析

目的 调查研究空军地面干部患病情况,提高医疗保健工作的针对性和有效性.方法 对空军某部621名地面干部进行健康体检,综合整理健康资料并做统计分析.结果 检出疾病28种共389例,患病率前5位的疾病依次为高脂血症、脂肪肝、良性关节痛、胆囊炎、肾囊肿.结论 高脂血症和脂肪肝仍是危害健康的主要疾病,应采取积极的预防保健措施.     

93例住院老年精神病人时点用药临床调查

１９９５年６月１４日对上海精神卫生中心老年病房的９３例住院老年精神病人的临床药物使用情况进行了调查，结果表明临床用药的频度列在前三位依次为抗精神病药物、镇静催眠药及益智药物。其中抗精神病药物的使用频度列在前三位者依次为氯丙嗪、氯氮平及甲硫达嗪；镇静催眠药依次为氯硝安定、佳静安定及三唑仑；益智药物依次为尼莫地平及阿尼西坦；抗抑郁剂主要为麦普替林和氟西汀。安坦应用少。用药方案多为单一用药，药物剂量小，用药趋于合理。     

不同年代住院精神病人状况调查比较

目的：了解不同年代背景和社会文化因素对住院精神病人层次、结构及诊治情况的影响。方法：分别对1979、1989、1999年出院病人进行对比分析。结果：3组病人在性别、婚姻、职业、住院时间等方面均有显著性差异。女性及农民患者呈逐年上升趋势，离婚丧偶比例逐年增大，无业人员明显增加，住院时日缩短，精神分裂症仍居榜首，精神活性物质所致精神障碍、情感性精神障碍、分裂样精神病诊断比率增加，神经症、器质性精神障碍诊断则呈下降趋势，各种休克治疗手段已逐渐被精神药物所取代，近期疗效明显提高。结论：3组差异提示不同时代背景和社会经济文化对住院病人现状有较大影响。     

1380例住院精神病人婚姻状况的调查

精神病人的婚姻问题应受到社会的重视,许多研究证明,婚姻状况的是否满意直接影响着病人的心理康复,治疗效果和预后.因此,开展这方面的研究已引起国内外精神病学家、临床和社会心理学家的普遍重视.本文研究的内容是对住院精神病人性别、年龄、疾病分类、病程和职业分布的不同,其婚姻状况有何不同?意在为开展精神病防治,临床心理和社会心理学的研究提供素材.     

23例住院精神病人死亡的调查分析

为探讨住院精神病人的死亡原因及规律 ,以采取相应对策 ,减少死亡的发生 ,我们对我院 1 986～ 1 995年间发生的 2 3例突发性死亡原因进行调查 ,现报告如下。1　临床资料1 986～ 1 995年我院共收治 3 893例病人 ,突发性死亡2 3例 ,占 0 .59% ,其中男性 1 4例 ,女性 9例 ;年龄 2 1～ 3 0岁 6例 ,占 2 6.0 9% ;3 1～ 4 0岁 8例 ,占 3 4 .87% ;4 1～ 50岁5例 ,占 2 1 .73 % ;50岁以上 4例 ,占 1 7.3 %。疾病分类 :精神分裂症 1 3例 ,占 56.52 % ;癔病 3例 ,占 1 3 .0 4 % ;酒精所致精神障碍 3例 ,占 1 3 .0 4 % ;抑郁症 4例 ,占 1 3 .79%。病程 …     

住院精神病人现状调查和比较

目的：了解上海市精神卫生中心住院病人现状并与既往比较。方法：通过自拟调查表对住院病人一般情况及诊断情况进行调查．并与1978、1982、1995年的调查结果进行分析比较。结果：住院病人年龄大于40岁百分率较前有明显提高。无业和其它情况明显增高．特别是其它比率上升较快。离婚、丧偶比例逐年增大。脑器质性及躯体疾病所致精神障碍、精神发育迟滞诊断比率增多。结论：离婚患者精神障碍发病率明显高于其他人群。加强对脑器质性和躯体疾病的防治可以降低精神障碍的发生率。     

精神病人的孩子心理状况调查

本文采用《亲属应激量表》对精神病患者的孩子及健康家庭的孩子进行测试对比，发现患者孩子的心理应激水平明显升高，各因子分值也明显升高．而且以女性、年龄轻、文化程度高、城市户口、无固定收入以及患有疾病多次发作者，心理健康较差，提示全社会照护精神病人，多方面参与，才能缓解他们孩子的心理压力。     

住院精神病人猝死原因分析及护理策略

目的 总结经验,吸取教训,提出有效的护理措施.方法 回顾性分析5例猝死病人的临床资料.结果 猝死与病人体重异常、饮食障碍、躯体变化、心电图改变、用药途径、死亡时间密切相关.结论 出现上述情况的病人应密切观察,加强饮食护理.     

近40年住院精神分裂症患者婚姻状况的调查

在 196 4～ 1999年天津市公安局安康医院的住院精神分裂症患者中随机抽取 ,用ＣＣＭＤ -2 -Ｒ再诊断符合标准者入组。以研究时婚姻情况为准。按年代划分为 4个组 ,每组抽满 40 0份为止 ,共 16 0 0例 ,其中男 10 32例 ,女 5 6 8例 ;平均年龄 31 7± 12 1岁 ;文化 :文盲占9 0 % ,小学占 2 8 6 % ,初中占 43 8% ,高中占 10 3 % ,大专以上占 8 3 % ;诊断分型 :单纯型 2 3 % ,青春型 13 3 % ,紧张型 0 8% ,偏执型 6 3 8% ,未它型12 4% ,其它型 7 4%。结果　四十年来已婚率由 45 0 %降至 31 5 % ,而未婚率由 6 0年代的45 3 %增高至 80年代…     

慢性精神分裂症病人住院生活质量的初步调查

慢性精神病人因种种的原因而长期住院，其住院生活质量如何已日益受到关注，从方法学的观点看，生活质量评定可以应用于慢性精神病人［１］。本文就由于不同原因而需长期住院的慢性精神分裂症病人的住院生活质量加以研究比较。资料与方法对象连续抽取在我院住院持续５年以...     

Structural MRI changes detectable up to ten years before clinical Alzheimer's disease

Structural brain changes have been described in both mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, less is known about whether structural changes are detectable earlier, in the asymptomatic phase. Using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and shape analyses of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data, we investigated structural brain differences between groups of healthy subjects, stratified by subsequent diagnoses of MCI or AD during a 10-year follow-up. Images taken at baseline, at least 4 years before any cognitive symptoms, showed that subjects with future cognitive impairment (preclinical AD and MCI) had reduced brain volume in medial temporal lobes, posterior cingulate/precuneus, and orbitofrontal cortex, compared with matched subjects who remained cognitively healthy for 10 years (HC). For only those subjects later diagnosed as AD, significantly greater atrophy at baseline was detected in the right medial temporal lobe, which was also confirmed by shape analysis of the right hippocampus in these subjects. Our results demonstrate that structural brain changes occur years before clinical cognitive decline in AD and are localized to regions affected by AD neuropathology.     

Annual change of the pet in allergic patients home for ten years]

There are only few paper in Japan which reports the prevalence of pet keepers in the allergic population and also of the type of pets they keep. We made investigation on these points in 1337 allergic patients employing a questionnaire. Among 1337 patients, allergic conjunctivitis patients were found in 67, eczema patients in 118, allergic rhinitis patients in 368 and bronchial asthmatic patients in 1043. These number contained those who overlapped in symptoms. Approximately 43% of allergy patients are currently keeping the pet at present while 11.2% of the patient had kept the pet in the past. There were two peaks in the age when they began to keep a pet, 6 to 12 and 30 to 40 years of age. Trend in the past decade showed that both the dog and cat bred in foreign countries were increasing. About 80% of patients who own the foreign bred dogs keep them indoor. This ratio is increasing gradually. Another conspicuous change is the sharp increase in those who keep hamsters which occupied 20% of all the pet keeper in 1997. Percentages of the patient who recognizes the aggravation of their symptoms in eye, nose, skin and also as asthma often pet keeping is a about 10%. One out of 4 patients who keep the pet has a family member with rhinitis and/or asthma. We concluded that too many of the allergic patients keep the pet against their benefit and they must be informed that the pet could be the cause of allergy symptoms.     

Legionella and Legionnaires' disease: 25 years of investigation

There is still a low level of clinical awareness regarding Legionnaires' disease 25 years after it was first detected. The causative agents, legionellae, are freshwater bacteria with a fascinating ecology. These bacteria are intracellular pathogens of freshwater protozoa and utilize a similar mechanism to infect human phagocytic cells. There have been major advances in delineating the pathogenesis of legionellae through the identification of genes which allow the organism to bypass the endocytic pathways of both protozoan and human cells. Other bacteria that may share this novel infectious process are Coxiella burnetti and Brucella spp. More than 40 species and numerous serogroups of legionellae have been identified. Most diagnostic tests are directed at the species that causes most of the reported human cases of legionellosis, L. pneumophila serogroup 1. For this reason, information on the incidence of human respiratory disease attributable to other species and serogroups of legionellae is lacking. Improvements in diagnostic tests such as the urine antigen assay have inadvertently caused a decrease in the use of culture to detect infection, resulting in incomplete surveillance for legionellosis. Large, focal outbreaks of Legionnaires' disease continue to occur worldwide, and there is a critical need for surveillance for travel-related legionellosis in the United States. There is optimism that newly developed guidelines and water treatment practices can greatly reduce the incidence of this preventable illness.     

An experimental investigation on thermal exposure during bone drilling

This study presents an experimental investigation of the effects of spindle speed, feed rate, and depth of drilling on the temperature distribution during drilling of the cortical section of the bovine femur. In an effort to reduce measurement uncertainties, a new approach for temperature measurements during bone drilling is presented in this study. The new approach is based on a setup for precise positioning of multiple thermocouples, automated data logging system, and a computer numerically controlled (CNC) machining system. A battery of experiments that has been performed to assess the uncertainty and repeatability of the new approach displayed adequate results. Subsequently, a parametric study was conducted to determine the effects of spindle speed, feed rate, hole depth, and thermocouple location on the measured bone temperature. This study suggests that the exposure time during bone drilling far exceeds the commonly accepted threshold for thermal injury, which may prevail at significant distances from the drilled hole. Results of this study suggest that the correlation of the thermal exposure threshold for bone injury and viability should be further explored.     

太原地区出生缺陷十年的回顾性分析

目的了解我院出生缺陷发生情况及分布特征,分析可能的原因.方法对1993年1月至2002年12月在我院分娩的出生缺陷儿进行分析.结果 (1)出生缺陷率为1.65%.(2)出生缺陷中以神经管畸形居多,农村畸形率高于城市;35岁以上产妇中畸形率高.(3)98年后城市出生缺陷率显著降低,而农村98年前、后出生缺陷率无显著变化.(4)出生缺陷的发生与围产儿性别无关.结论加强围产保健宣传、健全农村基层妇幼保健网和提高孕产妇保健意识是降低出生缺陷发生率的有效措施.