自体造血干细胞移植治疗恶性血液病

为探讨恶性血液病的有效治疗方法,应用自体骨髓移植(ABMT)38例,自体外周血造血干细胞移植(ABSCT)13例,自体外周血造血干细胞与自体骨髓联合移植15例。治疗白血病54例,恶性淋巴瘤11例,多发性骨髓瘤1例。外周血造血干细胞采用化疗加多抗甲素或C—CSF动员。移植物采用微波、阿克拉霉素净化处理。结果:两组动员方案均有良好动员效果。ABSCT组及联合移植组造血功能恢复比ABMT组快(P<0.05),合并症少。66例中,45例仍呈持续缓解(CCR),中位CCR时间32(5～98)个月,复发21例。3年无病生存率及复发率分别为68.5％及26.1％。结果表明:自体造血干细胞移植是根治恶性血液病的有效手段。ABSCT及联合移植具有造血功能恢复快,合并症少等优点。微波和阿克拉霉素体外净化移植物是一种简便、有效的净化方法。     

外周血造血干细胞移植治疗恶性血液病21例报告

目的：观察外周血造血干细胞移植（PBHSCT）治疗恶性血液病的疗效和并发症。方法：21例恶性血液病中8例行自体PBHSCT（auto-PBHSCT）,13例行异基因PBHSCT（allo-PBHSCT）。结果：21例全部获得造血重建,随访7～42月,10例（47.6%）存活,其中：auto-PBHSCT 5例,allo-PBHSCT5例。11例（52.4%）死亡,其中：auto-PBHSCT：3例复发死亡;allo-PBHSCT：5例复发死亡,2例移植相关死亡,1例死于第二肿瘤。结论：PBHSCT是治疗恶性血液病的有效方法,但如何有效减少复发、提高长期无病生存率需要进一步研究。     

异基因外周血造血干细胞移植41例临床分析

为分析异基因外周血造血干细胞移植（allo-PBSCT)治疗恶性血液病的效果和并发症的防治，用allo-PBSCT治疗恶性血液病41例，急性移植物抗宿主病（GVHD）预防采用环孢素A（CsA）＋短程氨甲蝶呤（MTX）、霉酚酸酯（MMF）联合CsA＋短程MTX两种方案。结果显示，全部患者均顺利造血重建。HLA完全相合移植急性GVHDⅡ度以上者8例（21．05％）。慢性GVHD发生率76％。急性白血病CR1和慢性髓细胞白血病－慢性期（CML－CP）、HLA完全相合移植34例，复发3例（8．82％）；随访2年以上者存活率71．43％（10／14）。表明allo－PBSCT急性GVHD发生率并不高于骨髓移植，但慢性GVHD发生率明显高；感染和间质性肺炎是移植后死亡的主要原因。     

您了解脐带血吗?

脐带血是指新生儿脐带被结扎后由脐带内流出的血,它的数量虽然只有50～100ml,却含有数百万个未成熟的造血干细胞,这些干细胞的再生能力和速度是成人细胞的10～20倍,可用于治疗多种疾病,如血液系统疾病(白血病、再生障碍性贫血、血红蛋白病、骨髓增生异常综合征、恶性淋巴瘤等)、先天代谢性和免疫性疾病、实体瘤及放化疗后的骨髓抑制等。目前,我国有白血病患者400万人,其中40%是儿童,且以2～7岁儿童居多。治疗白血病的最佳方法是造血干细胞移植,造血干细胞主要来源于骨髓。我国每年需要做骨髓移植的病例有4～10万例,但实际上能得到适用骨髓的…     

异基因造血干细胞移植治疗儿童血液病

目的造血干细胞移植可以根治白血病、再生障碍性贫血、血红蛋白病及先天性免疫缺陷等疾病,通过临床观察,分析研究异基因造血干细胞移植对儿童血液病的治疗效果。方法采用异基因造血干细胞移植治疗15例儿童血液病,其中非血缘脐血移植9例,同胞脐血移植3例,同胞外周血干细胞移植2例,同胞骨髓移植1例。采用白消安、环磷酰胺或环磷酰胺、全身照射为基础的预处理的方案。结果14例患者植入,1例于移植后15d死亡,未达植入标准。白细胞的植入时间各组间没有明显差异;脐血移植血小板的植入明显较骨髓或外周血延迟（P〈0．05）。主要并发症为巨细胞病毒感染和复发,11例患者生存;其中10例无病存活,占66．7％,存活最长时间为6年。Kaplan-Meier生存曲线提示：1年生存率为76．6％,预计5年生存率为57．4％。结论脐血移植具有移植物抗宿主疾病轻、较容易控制、搜寻时间短等优点,对儿童患者具有广泛的应用前景。提出了儿童脐血移植的选择策略。     

自体骨髓移植与混合HLA半相合异体骨髓的自体骨髓移植治疗恶性血液病的比较

目的 :提高自体骨髓移植 (ABMT)治疗恶性血液病的疗效 ,减少移植后疾病的复发。方法 :比较了液体培养净化的ABMT和混合 1/ 6量的HLA半相合异基因骨髓有核细胞的ABMT在恶性血液病中的应用 ,对ABMT组 11例和混合移植组 2 3例的疗效进行了随访和分析对比。结果 :ABMT组除 2例移植早期死亡 ,余 9例皆重建造血功能。混合移植组 4例早期死亡 ,余 19例皆成功造血重建。后者外周血三系细胞造血恢复均慢于前者 ,但无明显的统计学差异 (P >0 .0 1)。ABMT组无病存活 4例(36 .4% ) ,平均随访 48(34～ 92 )个月均CCR。混合移植组无病存活的 10例 (43.5 % ) ,中位随访 2 5 (16～ 6 5 )个月 ,仍存活 ,且均CCR。移植相关死亡ABMT组为 18.2 % ,混合移植组为 17.4%。ABMT组复发率为 44 .4% ,混合移植组为 31.6 %。混合移植组有 6例发生轻度皮肤型GVHD ,激素治疗后渐好转。二组病人皆未观察到急性GVHD。结论 :混合移植对恶性血液病的疗效优于ABMT ,并具有方法简便安全的特点。     

全淋巴区照射在恶性淋巴瘤造血干细胞移植治疗中的放射生物效应和临床应用

恶性淋巴瘤由于其病变的广泛性可以累及多部位淋巴结及其有关器官 ,采用大面积高剂量的放化疗结合造血干细胞移植治疗常能取得较好疗效[1 ] ,但因移植时全身放疗常能引起严重的骨髓抑制和间质性肺炎而导致死亡率增加。有实验表明恶性淋巴瘤在行造血干细胞移植时应用全淋巴区照射 ,肿瘤控制满意 ,疗效较好而又避免了严重的并发症[2 ] 。本院 1982年 10月～ 2 0 0 0年 10月对部分恶性淋巴瘤患者行造血干细胞移植时采用全淋巴区照射治疗 ,现将结果报道如下。一、材料和方法1 一般资料 :恶性淋巴瘤患者共 30例 ,男 2 1例 ,女 9例 ,年龄 16～ 6 5…     

自体骨髓间充质干细胞联合自体外周血造血干细胞移植治疗恶性血液病

目的:观察自体骨髓间充质干细胞(mesenchymal stem cells,MSCs)联合自体外周血造血干细胞(autologous peripheral blood stem cells,APBSCs)移植治疗恶性血液病的可行性、有效性和相关并发症发生情况。方法:采用无血清培养体系体外培养MSCs,将自体骨髓MSCs与APBSCs共移植治疗12例恶性血液病患者,并与同期进行的12例未联合MSCs的自体外周血造血干细胞移植(peripheral blood stem cells transplantation,APBSCT)的恶性血液病患者进行造血恢复及并发症比较。结果:MSCs输注无明显不良反应;联合移植的患者,造血恢复中性粒细胞(ANC)≥0.5×109/L平均9.52 d,血小板(PBC)≥20×109/L平均9.05 d,较对照组恢复快(P<0.05);血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)和血清天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)较对照组低(P<0.05);口腔溃疡和感染发生率与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:MSCs与APBSCs联合移植治疗恶性血液病安全可行,移植后造血重建快,并发症少。     

高热净化自体骨髓移植治疗恶性血液病的临床初步报告

我们以往的研究证实:正常造血干细胞对高热的耐受性不仅与其分化程度和增殖状态密切相关,而且与白血病细胞有显著差异.利用这种差异,我们用高热净化4例恶性血液病的自体骨髓,然后进行自体骨髓移植.结果除1例在移植后21天死于间质性肺炎外,余皆获较长期的缓解.其中骨髓受侵的恶性淋巴瘤和急性淋巴细胞白血病各1例已分别无病存活45和7月余,1例急性髓性白血病5月后复发.证实本法不仅方便经济,且效果是令人鼓舞的.     

亲代间单倍体相合造血干细胞移植治疗血液病45例临床分析

目的观察亲代间单倍体相合造血干细胞移植治疗血液病的临床疗效。方法第三军医大学新桥医院血液科自2007年7月-2011年1月,对45例患者实施父母供子女的亲代间单倍体相合造血干细胞移植,观察其临床疗效及并发症。结果 43例患者造血重建成功,2例患者植入失败。移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)发生率为62.2%,其中急性GVHD发生率为40.0%,慢性GVHD发生率为22.2%。与母亲作为供者相比,父亲作为供者时患者GVHD的发生率较低。GVHD的发生率与供者年龄、HLA配型相合位点数目有关。移植后并发的感染中以血源性巨细胞病毒感染和肺部感染为多。随访6个月~4年,移植成功的43例患者中共死亡6例,主要死因为感染和原始疾病复发,患者存活率86.7%。7例患者采用联合脐血移植,与单纯采用亲代间单倍体造血干细胞移植者相比,其造血重建时间提前,GVHD发生率占总发生率的7.14%。结论亲代间单倍体造血干细胞移植对治疗血液病有效,应选择HLA配型相合位点数目较多、男性、年轻供者。亲代间单倍体相合造血干细胞移植联合脐血移植,造血重建较快、GVHD发生率较低。     

Clinical evaluation of serum ferritin to iron ratio in malignant diseases

Serum ferritin levels were measured in 72 normal subjects and in 214 cases with various diseases by an immunoradiometric assay. In normal subjects, the serum ferritin levels were 27–230 ng/ml. Elevated serum ferritins were observed in most cases with iron excess and acute hepatitis. Markedly elevated levels were found in the majority of cases with acute leukemia, malignant lymphoma, hepatoma, and pancreatic cancer. High ferritin levels were also found in other malignant diseases. However, the range cverlapped broadly with that of nonmalignant diseases. The serum ferritin correlated significantly with serum iron in normals and in those with iron deficiency anemia. In most nonmalignant cases, the serum ferritin and iron levels distributed on a regression line obtained from levels in normals and those with iron deficiency anemia. However, 92% of the malignant cases showed a serum ferritin to iron ratio higher than that of normal subjects. The estimation of the serum ferritin to iron ratio is a useful means for screening patients or in the differential diagnosis of a suspected malignant lesion.     

Estimation of Cancer Risks from Radiotherapy of Benign Diseases

BACKGROUND: The effective-dose method which was proposed by the ICRP (International Commission of Radiation Protection) for the estimation of risk to the general population from occupational or environmental, low-dose radiation exposure is not adequate for estimating the risk of cancer induction by radiotherapy of malignant or nonmalignant diseases. METHODS: The risk of cancer induction by radiotherapy of benign diseases should be based on epidemiologic data directly derived from follow-up studies of patients who had been given radiotherapy for nonmalignant diseases in the past. RESULTS: Risk factors were derived from epidemiologic studies of patients treated with irradiation for nonmalignant diseases to be used for selecting treatment options and optimizing treatment procedures. CONCLUSION: In most cases, cancer risks estimated by the effective-dose method may overestimate the true risks by one order of magnitude, yet in other cases even may underestimate it. The proposed method using organ-specific risk factors may be more suitable for treatment planning.     

秦山核电厂周围20公里范围内居民1988～1999年主要死因分析

目的：建立秦山核电厂周围20公里范围内居民健康状况数据库。方法。通过各疾病监测点上报的“居民死亡医学证明书”,结合回顾性调查,获取相关数据。结果：1988－1999年居民死亡率为6．92‰,呼吸系统居死因首次,循环系统、恶性肿瘤位居第2、3位,男性、女性前5位死因均为呼吸系统,循环系统、恶性肿瘤、损伤和中毒,消化系统,居民恶性肿瘤死亡率为121．33／10万（标化率为100．13／10万）,肝癌居首位,肺癌、胃癌位居第2、3位;白血病是少儿期,青年期恶性肿瘤的主要死因,中年期为肝癌,肺癌,老年期为肺癌,肝癌,结论：呼吸系统、循环系统等慢性非传染性疾病已是居民的主要死因,恶性肿瘤死亡率低于省疾病监测点的监测结果。     

成都地区军队干部内科常见慢性病及死亡原因调查

目的调查成都地区军队干部内科常见主要慢性病逐年患病率和病死率,为制定部队干部的健康保健计划提供科学依据。方法从我院保健科提取2006-2009年成都地区军队干部体检资料,统计分析主要内科疾病患病情况和同期住院的病死率和死亡原因构成情况。结果内科常见慢性病排序依次为高血压,慢性支气管炎、冠心病、脂肪肝、糖尿病、慢阻肺、脑梗塞、恶性肿瘤、痛风、急性心肌梗死10种疾病;2006-2009年总病死率分别为3．01％、3．62％、7．87％、7．29％。住院死亡的前5位疾病为恶性肿瘤、呼吸系统疾病、冠心病、脑梗塞、糖尿病。恶性肿瘤中主要为肺癌、消化系统肿瘤。结论成都地区军队干部内科常见慢性病主要是心脑血管病、呼吸系统疾病和代谢病,主要的死亡原因是恶性肿瘤、呼吸系统疾病和心脑血管病。     

成都地区军队离退休老年人25年死亡率和死亡原因分析

目的探讨军队离退休老年人1984—2008年期间死亡率和死因构成的特征。方法以1984年1月1日以前定居成都地区军队所属24个干休所的全部离退休人员为对象,根据健康档案调查逐年人员变动情况,对每例死亡人员通过查阅病历确定死亡原因。结果（1）基线人数1665人,基线平均年龄61．56岁,共计观察了35058人年。25年累计死亡774人,平均死亡率2208／10万人年;（2）死因构成前4位依次为恶性肿瘤、心脏病、呼吸系统疾病和脑血管病,分别占总死因的42．2％、18．1％、14．5％和10．7％;（3）恶性肿瘤死亡中,肺肿瘤死亡高居首位（43．1％）,以下依次为胃肿瘤（13．8％）、肝肿瘤（13．5％）、泌尿系统肿瘤（8．0％）。结论居住在成都地区干休所的军队老年人近25年死亡率低于全国城市老年人群的平均死亡率;该老年群体前4位死因构成与全国城市同龄人群有明显差异,其特征是恶性肿瘤死亡在总死因中占更大的比例,呼吸系统疾病和脑血管病所占比例较小,而心血管病死亡所占比例与全国城市老年人群相似。     

甲状腺疾病手术后复发再手术42例分析

目的总结甲状腺疾病术后复发再手术的经验。方法分析42例再手术病人的复发原因,预防再手术的经验、教训,特别对再手术的指征,再手术的术式选择及术中主要组织的保护。结果全组无手术死亡,全部治愈;发生并发症8例,其中声音嘶哑3例,呛咳1例,甲状腺功能低下4例。结论术后复发的甲状腺疾病经内科治疗无效,或有恶变可能,均应再手术治疗。     

Evaluation of 18F-FDG PET with bladder irrigation in patients with uterine and ovarian tumors.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate PET using (18)F-FDG for gynecologic lesions with continuous bladder irrigation to eliminate artifacts from the (18)F-FDG activity in the bladder. METHODS: Forty-one patients were studied. They had 23 cervical uterine lesions (15 cases of cancer, 5 recurrences, 3 nonrecurrences); 8 cases of uterine corpus cancer, including 2 recurrences; and 10 ovarian masses (6 malignant, 4 nonmalignant). All cases of cancer were histologically proven; however, 2 cases of nonrecurrent uterine cervical carcinomas were diagnosed by clinical course. Continuous bladder irrigation was performed 35-55 min after intravenous administration of 185-370 MBq (18)F-FDG, and an emission scan was obtained 40-55 min after intravenous administration. Standardized uptake value (SUV) was used to estimate the degree of (18)F-FDG uptake quantitatively. RESULTS: After bladder irrigation, the (18)F-FDG activity in the urinary tract was eliminated in 33 patients, so that detection of tumor (18)F-FDG accumulation was easy. Two patients showed residual activity in the urinary bladder, and 6 patients showed activity in the ureter. An artifact was seen in 1 patient with residual activity in the urinary bladder caused by insufficient irrigation. However, these residual activities had no influence on detecting (18)F-FDG accumulation in tumor. The mean (+/-SD) of SUVs of malignant lesions was 6.04 +/- 3.22, that of nonmalignant lesions was 1.71 +/- 1.12, and the difference was significant (P = 0.0002). SUVs of all malignant lesions were greater than 2.0, and SUVs of all nonmalignant lesions, except the 1 case of ovarian fibroma, were less than 2.0. CONCLUSION: (18)F-FDG PET with continuous bladder irrigation is useful for eliminating (18)F-FDG activity in the bladder and for differentiating between malignant and nonmalignant uterine or ovarian masses.     

Malignant versus nonmalignant retroperitoneal fibrosis: differentiation with MR imaging

To evaluate the features on magnetic resonance (MR) images of malignant and nonmalignant retroperitoneal fibrosis (RPF) and to assess the usefulness of MR imaging in differentiating the two conditions, MR studies of nine patients with malignant RPF were retrospectively examined and compared with those of eight patients with nonmalignant RPF. Morphologic findings at MR imaging were similar for both conditions. The lesions were, however, heterogeneous in six of the nine patients with malignant RPF and homogeneous in all eight patients with nonmalignant RPF. On T2-predominant images, malignant RPF showed high signal intensity, while nonmalignant RPF showed low signal intensity. On T2-predominant images, signal intensity and T2 were significantly higher in malignant RPF than in nonmalignant RPF. Differentiation between malignant and nonmalignant RPF appears feasible and depends on tissue contrast rather than on morphologic characteristics.     

颈部副神经节瘤的DSA诊断研究(附17例分析)

目的 探讨颈部副神经节瘤的ＤＳＡ诊断价值。方法 总结经病理证实的动脉体瘤（ＣＢＴ）１２例、颈静脉瘤（ＣＪＴ）５例,研究ＤＳＡ表现,并与其他颈部肿块性病变进行对照。结果 副神经节瘤主富血供型（ＣＢＴ１１例,ＧＪＴ３例）,ＤＳＡ能清楚显示肿瘤血管细节及肿瘤与相邻血管的整体关系。ＣＢＴ颈总动脉分驻开大呈握球状（１２例）、枕动脉近段向前上推移（１２例）、咽升动脉肿瘤中心供血（１０例）具有特征性,３例恶变者     

Interferon-induced sarcoidosis

Interferons have been used as therapy of both malignant and nonmalignant diseases and commonly in the treatment of hepatitis C virus infection. Although the most commonly encountered side effects of interferon therapy include nonspecific constitutional symptoms, pulmonary involvement is rare. Here, we provide two documented cases of sarcoidosis appearing in patients receiving interferon therapy for hepatitis C infection, because there have only been a few reports of this association. Physicians should be aware of this uncommon yet clinically important complication, because imaging these patients may obviate more invasive procedures.