胰十二指肠联合门静脉切除治疗胰头癌

目的 探讨胰头癌侵犯门静脉的手术治疗效果。方法 对7例肿瘤侵犯门静脉的胰头癌患者行胰头十二指肠联合门静脉的切除及门静脉对端吻合。结果 门静脉阻断时间平均为26.7min(20-37min)，同时清扫腹膜后重要血管周围的淋巴组织，手术后6例顺利恢复；1例并发细菌性肝脓肿，经抗炎治疗后痊愈。结论 对于侵犯门静脉系统的胰头癌，施行含门静脉在内的联合切除术可提高胰头癌手术切除率。     

联合肠系膜门静脉切除的胰十二指肠切除术治疗胰头腺癌

胰腺癌侵犯门静脉被视为切除手术的禁忌证，一般认为门静脉系统孤立的肿瘤侵犯是根治性切除的最大障碍。而胰十二指肠切除术中联合肠系膜门静脉切除的价值一直存有争议。本文的主要目的是比较胰头癌病人接受单纯或联合胰十二指肠切除术两组的死亡率、发病率、长期生存率以及术后预后参数。自1989年至2003年，共45例相连续的胰头癌病人接受胰十二指肠切除术，术中发现肠系膜上静脉或（和）门静脉被肿瘤侵犯而联合施行肠系膜门静脉切除（VR＋组）。同期88例胰头部腺癌病人接受了胰十二指肠切除而未联合肠系膜门静脉联合切除术（VR-组）。     

胰十二指肠联合门静脉切除治疗胰头癌

目的 探讨联合门静脉和(或)肠系膜上静脉(PV/SMV)切除的胰十二指肠切除治疗胰头癌的安全性和疗效.方法 回顾分析12例胰头癌施行包括受侵PV/SMV在内的胰十二指肠切除术的临床资料,并与同期40例胰头癌行标准胰十二指肠切除术进行比较.结果 联合PV/SMV切除的12例中3例行血管段切除、人造血管移植,3例行血管段切除、血管端端吻合,6例行血管壁部分切除后修复.与同期40例行标准胰十二指肠切除术进行比较,两组在年龄、性别、手术时间、术中出血、手术并发症、手术病死率、肿瘤大小、肿瘤分化程度、淋巴结转移、切缘阳性率及中位生存期无统计学差异.结论 联合PV/SMV切除的胰十二指肠术不会增加手术病死率和手术并发症,是安全可行的术式;胰头癌单纯侵犯PV/SMV不是手术的禁忌证.联合PV/SMV切除能获得较好的疗效.     

扩大胰十二指肠切除术治疗胰头癌14例

胰腺癌多发生于胰头部,约占其总数的70％左右。由于胰头癌的生物学特征及解剖的特殊性．极易侵犯周围血管,特别是门静脉（portalvein,PV）和肠系膜上静脉（superiormesenterticvein,SMV）,使传统的胰十二指肠切除术难以达到根治切除的目的,必须行扩大的胰十二指肠切除术。对14例胰头癌患者施行合并SMV／PV切除的扩大胰十二指肠切除术,报道如下。     

胰头癌扩大切除利弊的探讨

胰头癌根治术于 1935年由Ｗｈｉｐｐｌｅ首创 ,后人为纪念其贡献 ,把胰十二指肠切除术称为Ｗｈｉｐｐｌｅ手术 ,且沿用至今。胰头癌扩大切除含扩大胰十二指肠切除术及全胰切除术 ,分别讨论如下一、扩大胰十二指肠切除术又称区域性胰腺切除术 (ｒｅｇｉｏｎａｌｐａｎｃｒｅａｔｅｃｔｏ ｍｙ) ,由于临床上诊断的胰头癌多为进展期癌 ,部分病例癌肿又侵及周围血管 ,如门静脉、肝动脉等 ,因而切除率低。 195 1年Ｍｏｏｒｅ等报告合并门静脉切除的胰十二指肠切除 ,但一直未能广泛开展。 1973年Ｆｏｒｔｎｅｒ〔1〕提出区域性胰腺切除术以后 ,合…     

同种异体静脉血管置换在T3期胰头癌扩大胰十二指肠切除术中应用

目的:探讨同种异体血管置换技术在联合静脉血管切除重建T3期胰头癌治疗中的安全性及应用价值。方法:回顾性分析98例伴有门静脉和(或)脾静脉侵犯的T3期胰头癌接受联合静脉血管切除重建的扩大胰十二指肠切除术患者的临床资料,其中49例使用同种异体血管重建为A组,行联合门静脉和(或)脾静脉切除同种异体血管重建的扩大胰十二指肠切除术;按年龄、性别等与A组匹配的其他重建方式49例为对照组(B组),实施其他方式重建的扩大胰十二指肠切除术。结果:手术时间A组较B组无明显延长;术中出血量A组较B组有所增多,但无统计学差异;A组门静脉和(或)脾静脉的R0切除率较B组有所增加;两组并发症发生率相似;A组术后1年、2年的总体生存率较B组有轻度的增加,无病生存率术后1年、术后2年均有所增加。结论:行同种异体血管置换重建的扩大胰十二指肠切除术治疗T3期胰头癌,不增加手术时间、术中出血量及术后并发症,且可提高R0切除率,延长患者生存时间,切实可行并且安全有效。     

结肠肝曲癌侵犯门静脉行联合肠系膜上静脉-门静脉切除对端吻合重建手术

目的 探讨结肠肝曲癌侵犯门静脉行右半结肠根治切除(right hemicolectomy,RH)联合肠系膜上静脉-门静脉切除的胰十二指肠切除术(pancreaticoduodenectomy,PD)血管端端吻合的可行性.方法 总结2004-2011年吉林大学普通外科疾病诊疗中心、吉林大学第二医院普通外科行右半结肠根治切除术及胰十二指肠切除、联合肠系膜上-门静脉切除术后血管进行端端吻合5例患者的临床资料.结果 5例患者手术过程均顺利,肿瘤完全切除,无严重术后并发症及围手术期死亡,5例患者均康复出院.结论 结肠肝曲癌极易侵犯胰头十二指肠及(或)门静脉,行右半结肠癌根治切除术及胰十二指肠切除,联合肠系膜上-门静脉切除后均未间置人工血管进行端端吻合是一项安全可行的技术.     

肠系膜上动脉切除及重建的胰头癌扩大根治术1例报告

目的 探讨胰头癌侵犯肠系膜上动脉时行根治性切除的可行性。方法 采用联合将受侵犯的肠系膜上动态一并切除的胰十二指肠切除术，肠系膜上动态断端与腹主动脉端侧吻合方式重建。结果 患者术后恢复顺利，已随访14个月，仍存活。结论 肠系膜上动态侵犯的胰头癌仍可行扩大的胰十二指肠切除术，并可延长患者的生存时间和提高生活质量。     

扩大胰十二指肠切除术治疗胰头癌

目的 探讨扩大的胰十二指肠切除术的适应证和手术要点.方法 回顾分析12例因胰头癌行胰十二指肠切除合并肠系膜上静脉-门静脉切除术的临床资料.结果 本组患者无围手术期死亡,无胆瘘、上消化道大出血及人工血管感染等并发症发生.术后出现胃肌轻瘫3例,胰瘘1例,均经保守治疗后好转,术后复查彩超、人工血管及门静脉内均无血栓形成.术后病理报告:浸润性导管癌8例,胰腺细胞癌3例,恶性淋巴管瘤1例,切除血管上下缘,无肿瘤浸润.胰腺切缘没有肿瘤累及,门静脉受癌肿侵犯8例,炎性粘连4例.术后9个月死于重度营养不良1例,术后18个月死于癌肿复发肝转移1例,其余10例目前尚在随访中,其中存活3年3例,2年4例,1年3例.结论 扩大的胰十二指肠切除术能提高胰头癌手术切除率,改善患者的生活质量和提高生存率,应该作为胰头癌患者合理手术方式的一种选择.     

门静脉主干低温灌注下切除侵犯门静脉的胰头癌及胆管癌

胰头癌及肝外胆管癌由于易侵犯门静脉或肠系膜上静脉主干，导致手术难度大、切除率不高。传统胰十二指肠切除率仅为20％；联合侵犯血管切除重建的胰十二指肠切除率达46％。由于肝脏对缺血、缺氧较为敏感，尤其对严重淤胆的患者，常温下阻断肝门时间更为受限。为提高胰头癌及肝外胆管癌根治性切除率，我们创用了低温灌注门静脉延长阻断门静脉主干时间，切除肿瘤侵犯的部分门静脉、肠系膜上静脉和脾静脉，并进行人造血管架桥重建获得成功。现报告如下。     

�ž����г��ؽ������ٰ������г��е�Ӧ��

目的 提高局部进展期胰腺癌的根治性切除率并改善其预后。方法 对1997～2003年26例单纯侵犯门静脉(PV)和(或)肠系膜上静脉(SMV)的局部进展期胰腺癌施行受侵PV及SMV在内的整块联合切除术。结果 16例(61．5％)获根治性切除，10例获姑息切除。围手术期并发症8例(30．7％)，死亡1例(3．8％)。获根治性切除的16例中，术后1、3、5年生存率分别是68．8％(n=11)、26．7％(n=4)和6．3％(n=1)，但姑息切除者术后平均生存仅5．6个月。结论 对于局部进展期胰腺癌，选择合适的病例施行受侵PV及SMV联合切除是安全可行的，获根治性切除者预后显著改善。     

门静脉切除重建联合胰十二指肠切除术在胰腺癌治疗中的应用

目的：探讨门静脉切除重建联合胰十二指肠切除术治疗胰头癌的临床意义。方法：回顾性分析21例行联合门静脉(PV) 和/或肠系膜上静脉(SMV)、胰十二指肠切除术患者的临床资料,分析手术并发症及其预后。结果：全组围手术期并发症发生率为19.04%(4/21),其中2例胃潴留,1例上消化道出血,1例切口裂开,无胆胰瘘并发症。围手术期（术后1个月内）病死率4.76%（1/21）。20例患者生存期为6～67个月,平均(20.38±9.36) 个月。患者术后1,3,5年生存率分别是65.9%,16.0%和10.2%。结论：有选择的施行血管切除有助于提高局部较晚期胰头癌的切除率,能明显改善患者的生存质量,在一定程度上延长了生存期。     

En bloc (non-chest wall) resection for bronchogenic carcinoma with parietal fixation. Factors affecting survival

Seventy-three patients (57 men and 16 women) underwent en bloc resection of lung and attached parietes between 1970 and 1982. All patients had documented malignant pleural invasion. Chest wall parietal pleura was invaded in 33 patients, pericardium in 14, phrenic or vagus nerve in nine, left atrium in five, superior vena cava in four, esophagus in two, diaphragm in one, and multiple structures in five. No patient underwent chest wall resection. Parietal pleurectomy was performed in all patients with involvement of the chest wall parietal pleura; 37 lobectomies and 36 pneumonectomies were performed. Operative mortality was 12.3%. The actuarial overall 5 year survival rate (Kaplan-Meier method) was 39.7%. We conclude that en bloc resection for primary bronchogenic carcinoma with invasion of adjacent intrathoracic structures, although associated with a significant mortality, can be performed with a reasonable likelihood of long-term survival.     

Pancreatoduodenectomy for locally advanced or recurrent colon cancer: Report of two cases

A 66-year-old man, who had ascending colon cancer which invaded the duodenum, pancreas, and superior mesenteric vein, underwent a curative resection including an extended right hemicolectomy, pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy, and a partial resection of the superior mesenteric vein. The pathological examination revealed adenocarcinoma of the colon, which directly invaded the duodenum and pancreas, thus causing duodenocolic fistula. Tumor infiltration to the superior mesenteric vein was not histologically proven. Two out of 40 lymph nodes were also involved. The patient is still alive and disease-free 37 months after the operation. A 72-year-old man, with a history of surgery two previous times for ascending colon cancer and its recurrence, underwent a third operation including a resection of the former ileocolic anastomosis en bloc by means of a pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy with a curative intent. The pathological examination revealed adenocarcinoma of the colon, which directly invaded the duodenum and pancreas. Seven out of 31 lymph nodes were also involved. The patient died of recurrence 24 months after the third operation. These two cases demonstrated the usefulness of a resection of the colon en bloc by means of a pancreatoduodenectomy in patients with either locally advanced colon cancer or locally advanced recurrent colon cancer.     

腹膜后肿瘤术中腹主动脉及下腔静脉的切除与重建

目的 探讨累及腹主动脉及下腔静脉的腹膜后肿瘤切除时,受累血管的切除与重建的最佳方法。方法回顾性总结1990年1月至2003年6月33例累及腹主动脉及下腔静脉的腹膜后肿瘤的手术切除及血管重建的临床资料。结果全部病人均成功实施了肿瘤完整切除,包括受累血管的切除与重建,无手术死亡。随访29例,其3、5年存活率分别为60,1％和40．6％,平均存活期为53．9个月。结论累及腹主动脉及下腔静脉的腹膜后肿瘤不是根治性切除的手术禁忌证,腹主动脉及下腔静脉的切除与重建术,安全、有效、可行;重建腹主动脉及下腔静脉可以提高肿瘤的切除率,降低局部复发率,延长病人存活时间。     

Chordoma in the cervical spine managed with en bloc excision.

STUDY DESIGN: En bloc resection of a chordoma in the midcervical vertebral spine was performed. OBJECTIVES: To document the surgical technique used for en bloc excision of a chordoma arising in the midcervical spine. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Malignant tumors arising in long bones are excised en bloc. The authors recently designed a technique for en bloc resection of malignant tumors in the thoracolumbar spine using the T-saw. However, this technique is difficult in tumors of the cervical spine, and there are no previous reports of successful en bloc resection of such tumors. METHODS: Using an anterior approach, the ipsilateral vertebral artery was ligated. This was followed by sharply cutting the pedicle of the cervical vertebra with a specially designed T-saw. RESULTS: En bloc excision of chordomas in the cervical spine was achieved using the T-saw. CONCLUSION: Although the surgical margin was intralesional in a small area, the technique used in this case study indicates that en bloc excision of such tumors can be used with a safety margin even in the cervical spine.     

Intraoperative diagnosis and treatment of parathyroid cancer and atypical parathyroid adenoma

BACKGROUND: Distinction of parathyroid cancer from atypical parathyroid adenoma (APA) at operation is difficult. The aim of this study was to determine whether parathyroid cancer and APA have different operative findings and long-term outcomes. METHODS: A retrospective review was undertaken of patients with suspicious or malignant parathyroid tumours treated between 1974 and 2005. Parathyroid cancer was defined as a lesion with vascular or tissue invasion, and APA as a neoplasm with broad fibrous bands, trabecular growth, mitosis and nuclear atypia. RESULTS: Twenty-seven patients with suspicious or malignant parathyroid tumours were identified. After histological review, parathyroid cancer was confirmed in 11 patients (group 1) and 16 tumours were classified as APA (group 2). The clinical presentation and operative findings of the two types of tumour were indistinguishable. At initial surgery, seven patients in group 1 underwent en bloc resection, and four had parathyroidectomy. Four of the seven patients who had en bloc resection had recurrences. No recurrences were observed in the other seven patients in group 1 at a median follow-up of 65 months. In group 2, eight patients had en bloc resection and eight had parathyroidectomy; no patient had recurrence at a median follow-up of 91 months. CONCLUSION: Operative findings cannot distinguish APA from parathyroid cancer reliably. Without evidence of macroscopic local invasion, the value of en bloc resection at initial surgery remains debatable.     

Surgical treatment of osteoid osteoma of the extremities

AIM: It was the aim of this retrospective study to evaluate the frequency of recurrences and complications in patients treated by conventional surgical methods at our institution between 1980 and 1996 and to compare them to those observed in patients treated by minimal invasive methods reported in the literature. METHOD: 70 patients with osteoid osteomas located at the extremities were treated by conventional surgical treatment. 51 patients underwent curettage and 19 patients had en bloc resection. After curettage an additional stabilising plate was implanted in 12% of the cases, after en bloc resection in 68%. RESULTS: There are 66% event-free patients after curettage versus 47% after en bloc resection. Local recurrence rate after curettage was 7%, after en bloc resection no patient developed a recurrence. In both groups a postoperative fracture was observed. Persistent pain due to the implant was reported by 7% after curettage and by 24% after en bloc resection. CONCLUSION: The rate of complications rises with increasing invasiveness and it is necessary to balance the security concerning a local recurrence and the danger of persistent postoperative pain. Curettage is the surgical method of choice in the therapy of the osteoid osteoma, en bloc resection is justified only for recurrent lesions. Curettage is an alternative to minimal invasive methods in cases of superficially located osteoid osteomas or in cases of unfavourable locations of the nidus (near joint or growth plate, inaccessibility).     

En bloc resection of colon cancer adherent to other organs

This study was undertaken to determine the optimal surgical treatment of colorectal cancers with adherence to adjacent organs in the absence of distant metastases. A retrospective review of colorectal cancer at Virginia Mason Hospital from 1975 to 1979 divided patients with Dukes' stage B2 and C2 colorectal cancers into three treatment groups: standard colectomy, en bloc resection, and colectomy with separation of adherent organs, with 5 year survival rates of 55 percent, 61 percent, and 23 percent, respectively. No operative mortality occurred with en bloc resection. Survival after en bloc resection was influenced by Dukes' stage and the histologic documentation of cancer within the adherent organ. Unacceptably high local recurrence rates and poor 5 year survival rates were observed in cases where adherent organs were separated from the colorectal cancer. We conclude that colorectal cancer adherent to other organs should be treated by en bloc resection. The survival rate after en bloc resection will be comparable to the rate after standard colectomy for nonadherent colorectal cancers.     

Treatment methods as a prognostic factor in eight patients with urachal carcinoma

Between 1960 and 1982, 8 patients with urachal carcinoma underwent segmental resection of the bladder or en bloc resection, and their five-year survival rate was 50%. One patient each with well, moderate and poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma and one patient with transitional cell carcinoma, died of cancer from 6 months to 2 years and 2 months after operation (mean duration: 1 year and 3 months). The patient with well differentiated adenocarcinoma underwent en bloc resection and was recognized to have peritoneal involvement of the tumor at the operation. The remaining three patients were diagnosed to have tumors confined to their bladder and urachal remnant and were treated with segmental resection of the bladder. Two patients each, with well and moderately differentiated carcinoma confined to their bladder and urachal remnant, were treated with en bloc resection and have been surviving from 8 years and 5 months to 24 years and 10 months (mean duration: 13 years and 7 months) postoperatively as of Dec. 1987. Therefore, patients with well and moderately differentiated adenocarcinomas confined to the bladder and the urachal remnant could be expected to survive longer by en bloc resection.