近红外光谱技术快速测定麦门冬药材中水分的含量

[目的]利用近红外漫反射光谱法结合化学计量法建立一种快速测定麦门冬药材中水分含量的方法。[方法]以烘干法测定90批麦门冬的水分含量作为参考值,利用近红外光谱仪采集麦门冬漫反射光谱结合偏最小二乘法(PLS)建立麦门冬药材中水分定量校正模型。[结果]运用SNV+First Derivative+Norris平滑光谱预处理方法,筛选最佳建模波段在5 000~9 000 cm-1,主因子数为8,建立的定量模型内部交叉验证相关系数R为0.981 1,交叉验证误差均方差RMSECV为0.131,12批验证集样品的参考值与预测值经统计学t检验,P=0.950.05,表明2组数据无统计学意义。[结论]运用近红外光谱技术建立麦门冬水分定量模型可快速预测其水分值,该方法快速、简便,结果准确,为中药材质量的实时监测提供数据支持。     

近红外光谱法快速测定青翘中醇浸出物的含量

目的运用近红外光谱技术（NIR）快速测定青翘中醇浸出物的含量。方法运用NIR结合偏最4、二乘法（PLS）建立青翘药材中醇浸出物含量的定量校正模型。结果所建立的定量校正模型内部交叉验证决定系数为0．99262,内部交叉验证均方差为0．83793,校正均方差为0．284,预测均方差为0．438。结论运用NIR测定青翘药材中醇浸出物含量是可行的。     

筋骨痛消丸中醇浸出物的近红外光谱法快速测定

目的 运用近红外光谱技术和化学计量学方法,对筋骨痛消丸中醇浸出物的含量进行快速测定.方法 测定100份筋骨痛消丸醇浸出物的含量,采集所有样品的近红外光谱.采用光谱处理方法为偏最小二乘法(PLS)+二阶导数(SD),用TQ 8.0软件结合PLS建立醇浸出物的近红外光谱(NIR)定量模型.结果 建模范围为8 116.04～11 983.82 cm-1,主因子数为7,校正集内部交叉验证决定系数(R2)为0.99 778,校正集均方根偏差(RMSEC)为0.0 376,交叉验证集均方根偏差(RMSEP)为0.547,预测集平均相对误差为2.39％.结论 利用近红外光谱技术建立的模型对筋骨痛消丸中醇浸出物的含量测定是可行的,该方法快速、简便、结果准确.     

AOTF-NIR快速检测丹参中丹参酮Ⅰ含量的新方法

目的探索一种采用声光可调近红外(AOTF-NIR)光谱技术快速测定丹参药材丹参酮Ⅰ含量的新方法。方法依据2015年版《中国药典》,采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定丹参药材丹参酮Ⅰ含量,采用偏最小二乘法(PLS),建立含量与NIR光谱之间的校正模型,利用NIR模型对未知的丹参样品进行预测。结果丹参药材丹参酮Ⅰ的NIR模型校正均方根偏差(RMSEC)为0.0052,预测均方根偏差(RMSEP)为0.0096,决定系数(CORRELATION)为0.9800,采用验正集样品进行外部验证,实测值与预测值的偏差为3.68%。结论 AOTF-NIR快速分析法对丹参药材丹参酮含量预测结果较好,为丹参药材快速定量分析提供了方法。     

近红外漫反射光谱法快速测定山药药材中水、醇浸出物含量

目的 采用近红外光谱技术快速、无损检测山药药材中水浸出物、醇浸出物含量。方法 采用近红外漫反射光谱建立定量校正模型。结果 所建立的定量校正模型对水浸出物、醇浸出物的预测均方差RMSEP分别为1.26和0.084 9。结论 近红外光谱技术不需要对样品进行复杂繁琐的前处理,分析速度快,结果准确,具有其他传统化学分析方法所不具有的显著优点,适合对组成复杂的中药进行快速分析,可用于中药生产过程的质量监控。     

近红外光谱快速测定南板蓝根药材中水、醇浸出物的含量

【目的】采用近红外光谱技术(NIRS)快速无损测定南板蓝根药材中水、醇溶性浸出物的含量。【方法】采用近红外漫反射光谱,结合偏最小二乘法(PLS)在OPUS/Quant 2中建立快速测定浸出物的定量模型,对模型进行验证,考察模型的可靠性。【结果】所建立的水、醇溶性浸出物校正模型决定系数(R2),交叉验证校正标准偏差(RMSECV)值分别为0.959、0.602和0.965、0.481;验证集的预测值与参考值的R2和RMSEP值分别为0.970、0.498和0.964、0.485;验证集的预测值与参考值的绝对误差均在±2%之间,预测值与参考值比较吻合,模型的建立较为成功。【结论】NIRS测定南板蓝根水、醇浸出物的含量方法准确、快速、简便,可作为南板蓝根质量检测的方法。     

近红外光谱技术快速测定首乌丸水分含量

目的 应用近红外光谱技术测定首乌丸中水分的质量分数.方法 烘干法测定115批首乌丸样品水分的质量分数,采集其近红外光谱数据,经一阶导数法与S-G平滑法预处理,结合偏最小二乘法建立测定首乌丸中水分质量分数的近红外光谱定量分析模型.结果 该模型内部交叉验证决定系数为0.944,校正均方差为0.121,内部交叉验证均方差为0.205,验证集的预测均方差为0.127.结论 该近红外光谱水分定量分析模型稳定,准确可靠,可用于首乌丸中水分质量分数的测定.     

近红外光谱法快速测定升麻中皂苷含量

目的:建立快速测定升麻中升麻新苷I含量的近红外定量模型。方法:以高效液相色谱法测定升麻新苷Ⅰ的含量,运用近红外技术收集不同产地不同批次的升麻样品的光谱图,采用标准正态变换(SNV)加二阶导数(SD)的光谱预处理方法,通过偏最小二乘回归(PLS)法建立升麻中升麻新苷Ⅰ含量测定的近红外定量模型,并对已建立的定量模型进行验证。结果:建立的新苷Ⅰ校正模型的相关系数(R)为0.99077,校正均方差(RMSEC)为0.0123,用验证集进行模型验证,预测误差均方根(RMSEP)为0.0348。结论:结果表明该方法简便高效,建立的模型性能较好,对升麻中升麻新苷Ⅰ含量的预测准确可靠。     

黄芩配方颗粒黄芩苷含量近红外光谱测定方法

目的 采用近红外光谱测定方法(NIRS)快速测定黄芩配方颗粒中的黄芩苷.方法 运用NIRS与偏最小二乘法相结合,通过优化不同的预处理方法、不同的谱区范围,建立了测定黄芩颗粒剂中指标性成分黄芩苷的定量校正模型.结果 建立了黄芩配方颗粒中黄芩苷的近红外模型,定量校正模型的相关系数R2为0.9702,校正集均方根误差RMSEC为0.555,预测集均方根误差RMSEP为1.05.结论 本实验研究了基于NIRS的不同厂家黄芩配方颗粒剂快速质量分析方法,所建模型可无损、快速地预测黄芩苷含量,为黄芩配方颗粒的质量控制提供一定的参考.     

运用近红外光谱法建立广藿香中百秋李醇的定量模型

目的建立广藿香百秋李醇的近红外定量模型,快速测定广藿香百秋李醇含量。方法用气相色谱法测定102批广藿香的百秋李醇含量,采集并用一阶导和标准归一化预处理近红外光谱,结合偏最小二乘法建立百秋李醇的定量模型。结果本实验建立的校正模型,内部交叉验证决定系数达到0.991 10,校正均方差为0.012 9,预测均方差为0.012 8,内部交叉验证均方差为0.033 15。结论本实验建立的近红外定量模型稳定,准确可靠,可快速对广藿香百秋李醇含量进行测定。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.