p27和cyclinE在膀胱移行细胞癌中的表达及生物学意义

目的　探讨细胞周期依赖性激酶抑制蛋白 p2 7和细胞周期蛋白E(cyclinE)与膀胱癌生物学行为的关系。 方法　采用免疫组化SP法测定 6 5例膀胱移行细胞癌 ,5例不典型增生和 8例正常膀胱组织石蜡切片中 p2 7蛋白和cyclinE蛋白的表达。结果　p2 7在正常膀胱组织的阳性率为 1 0 0 % ,在不典型增生组织中阳性率为 6 0 % ,在膀胱癌组织中阳性率为 5 1 % (P <0 .0 1 ) ,p2 7在I、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级膀胱癌组织的阳性率分别为 75 %、5 4 %、2 6 % ,p2 7表达与膀胱癌的分级呈负相关 (P <0 .0 1 )。CyclinE在正常膀胱组织中的阳性率为 2 5 % ,在不典型增生组织中的阳性率为 6 0 % ,在膀胱癌组织中的阳性率为 5 1 %。CyclinE在I、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级膀胱癌组织的阳性率分别为 80 %、4 2 %、32 % ,CyclinE蛋白的表达与膀胱癌分级呈负相关 (P <0 .0 1 )。p2 7和CyclinE间在膀胱癌中的表达呈正相关。结论　p2 7和CyclinE与膀胱癌的组织学分级呈负相关 ,提示 p2 7和CyclinE可以作为判别膀胱癌分化程度的标志物 ,并作为判断预后的指标     

p27kip1、Cyclin E在膀胱移行细胞癌中的表达与细胞增殖的关系

目的　探讨p2 7kip1、CyclinE在膀胱移行细胞癌 (BTCC)中的表达与肿瘤细胞增殖的关系。方法　应用免疫组化S P法检测 4 1例BTCC和 12例膀胱炎中 p2 7kip1、CyclinE、Ki 6 7的表达。 结果　①p2 7kip1在BTCC中阳性表达随临床分期和病理分级的增高而降低 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,有淋巴转移组明显低于无淋巴转移组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,p2 7kip1阳性表达与Ki 6 7呈负相关。②CyclinE在BTCC中阳性表达随临床分期和病理分级的增高而增高 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,有淋巴转移组明显高于无淋巴转移组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,CyclinE阳性表达与Ki 6 7呈正相关。结论　p2 7kip1对BTCC的发生、发展可能起抑制作用 ,CyclinE可能参与BTCC的发生、发展过程。检测BTCC中 p2 7kip1、CyclinE的表达对评价BTCC的生物学行为和判断预后有一定意义     

P57Kip2和PCNA在乳癌中的表达及其与预后关系

①目的　探讨有丝分裂抑制因子 (P5 7Kip2 )、增殖细胞核抗原 (PCNA)蛋白表达与乳癌预后的关系。②方法　以免疫组化S P法检测 138例乳癌组织P5 7Kip2 和PCNA蛋白的表达水平。③结果　在 138例乳癌组织中P5 7Kip2 蛋白阳性 5 5例 (39.86 % ) ,其中低表达 39例 (70 .91% ) ,高表达 16例 (2 9.0 9% )。PCNA低指数表达 6 3例 (45 .6 5 % ) ,PCNA高指数表达 75例 (5 4 .35 % )。P5 7Kip2 蛋白的表达与乳癌组织腺管形成、细胞核多形性、核分裂象计数和组织学分级呈负相关 (χ2 =5 .11～ 11.0 1,P <0 .0 1) ;单因素预后分析显示P5 7Kip2 蛋白高表达组生存期长于低表达组 (χ2 =6 .93,P <0 .0 1) ,PCNA高指数表达组生存期短于低指数表达组 (χ2 =5 .13,P <0 .0 5 ) ;P5 7Kip2 阳性并PCNA低指数表达组、P5 7Kip2 阳性并PCNA高指数表达组、P5 7Kip2 阴性并PCNA低指数表达组和P5 7Kip2 阴性并PCNA高指数表达组生存期依次缩短 (χ2 =7.32 ,P <0 .0 1)。④结论　P5 7Kip2 和PCNA的联合检测有利于更准确地判断细胞增殖活性和预后 ;P5 7Kip2 在乳癌中的不同表达水平可能与不同的调控方向有关。     

p27kip1在原发性肝细胞癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的　研究p2 7kip1在原发性肝细胞癌 (HCC)中的表达及其临床意义。方法　应用免疫组化S -P法检测 4 0例HCC、15例肝硬化组织和 5例正常肝组织石蜡标本中 p2 7kip1的表达。 结果　p2 7kip1蛋白在 4 0例HCC中表达阳性率为 32 .5 % (13/40 ) ,在 15例肝硬化组织中为 6 0 % (9/15 ) ,在 5例正常肝组织中为 80 % (4/5 )。p2 7kip1蛋白在HCC中的表达与其在肝硬化组织和正常肝组织中的表达相比有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,p2 7kip1蛋白与HCC的组织学分级、组织学类型、淋巴结转移、远处转移和生存期均有统计学差异。结论　p2 7kip1与HCC的发生、发展可能均有密切联系 ,p2 7kip1蛋白在一定程度上可判断患者的病情进展和预后。     

膀胱移行细胞癌PCNA的表达及其意义

目的 :探讨膀胱移行细胞癌增殖细胞核抗原 (PCNA)的表达与肿瘤病理分级、临床分期、预后的关系。方法 :采用免疫组化S P法检测 6 5例膀胱移行细胞癌和 11例正常膀胱组织PCNA的表达。结果 :PCNA在膀胱癌及正常膀胱组织的表达差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1) ;随着膀胱癌病理分级、临床分期升高 ,PCNA阳性表达上升 ,Ⅰ级、Ⅱ级与Ⅲ级比较 ,PCNA的阳性表达差异均有显著性 (P <0 .0 1) ;T2 ～T4 期PCNA的阳性表达显著高于Tis～T1期 (P <0 .0 0 5 ) ;术后 5年内无复发组PCNA的阳性表达显著低于术后 5年内复发组 (P <0 .0 0 5 )。结论 :PCNA可作为膀胱癌恶性程度及预后判断的指标之一 ,可指导临床综合治疗     

p57kip2在肝癌组织中的表达及其与临床病理因素、PCNA和p53的关系

目的:检测细胞周期抑制因子p57kip2在肝癌中的表达水平,探讨它与临床病理因素、增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)、p53的关系. 方法:用免疫组织化学法检测32例肝癌组织和10例正常肝脏组织中p57kip2, PCNA和p53的表达水平. 结果:p57kip2在肝癌组织中的阳性率56.2%,显著低于正常肝脏组织(100%)(P=0.011),p57kip2的缺失表达与肝癌细胞的分化较差(P=0.007)、临床分期较晚(P=0.041)及预后较差有关(P=0.036),与年龄、AFP, 肿瘤大小及肿瘤侵犯转移无显著相关(P>0.05);PCNA在肝癌组织中阳性率为56.2%,与p57kip2的表达有关(P=0.036);p53在肝癌组织中的阳性率46.9%,与p57kip2表达在统计学上无相关性(P>0.05). 结论:肝癌组织中存在p57kip2的表达缺失、PCNA的高表达, 共同参与肝癌的发生、发展,而p57kip2和p53可能通过不同途径来诱导细胞凋亡.     

胰腺内分泌肿瘤P16、cyclinD1和PCNA蛋白表达

①目的　探讨胰腺内分泌肿瘤 (PET)组织P1 6、cyclinD1和增殖细胞核抗原 (PCNA)蛋白的表达及其意义。②方法　应用免疫组化S P法 ,检测P1 6、cyclinD1和PCNA蛋白在 32例PET和 1 5例正常胰腺组织中的表达。③结果　P1 6蛋白在PET中的阳性表达率为 2 8.1 % ,在正常胰腺中为 86 .7% ,二者比较 ,差异有显著性 (χ2 =1 4 .0 6 ,P <0 .0 1 )。cyclinD1蛋白在PET中过表达率为 5 6 .3% ,而在正常胰腺未见过表达 ,二者比较差异有显著性(χ2 =1 3.6 7,P <0 .0 1 ) ;cyclinD1过表达组PCNA标记指数 (PCNALI)明显高于cyclinD1低表达组 (t =5 .76 ,P <0 .0 1 )。恶性PET的PCNALI显著高于良性PET(t=5 .32 ,P <0 .0 1 )。P1 6和cyclinD1蛋白在PET中的表达呈负相关 (r =- 0 .6 2 ,P <0 .0 1 )。④结论　P1 6蛋白表达缺失与cyclinD1蛋白过度表达可能在PET的发生中发挥协同作用 ,PCNA的高表达与cyclinD1过度表达可能与PET的恶性转化有关。     

直肠癌淋巴结转移与活体组织中血管内皮生长因子的关系

目的　研究直肠癌活体组织中血管内皮生长因子 (VEGF)、p5 3蛋白和增殖细胞核抗原 (PCNA)表达与淋巴结转移的关系。方法　应用病理学诊断的方法检查淋巴结有无癌细胞转移 ,直肠癌组织标本做VEGF、p5 3蛋白和PCNA免疫组化染色。结果　VEGF阳性表达直肠癌患者淋巴结转移率是 69.5 7% ( 16/2 3 ) ,VEGF阴性直肠癌淋巴结转移率 10 .5 3 % ( 4 /3 8) ,差异有极显著意义 (X2 =2 3 .2 813 ,P <0 .0 0 1) ;而p5 3及PCNA阳性表达直肠癌患者的淋巴结转移和阴性表达直肠癌患者的淋巴结转移之间差异无显著意义。结论　直肠癌组织中VEGF的表达可为直肠癌患者的淋巴结转移情况的判断及预后提供重要的参考     

p27kip1、PCNA在脑胶质瘤中的表达及意义

目的　研究细胞周期素依赖性激酶抑制剂 p2 7kip1、增殖细胞核抗原 (PCNA)在脑胶质瘤中的表达及其相关性。方法　应用免疫组化染色SP法 ,检测 12例正常脑组织、6 0例脑胶质瘤中 p2 7kip1、PCNA表达及其特征。 结果　p2 7kip1随着肿瘤恶性度增高 ,阳性表达强度逐渐下降 ;p2 7kip1在正常脑组织、胶质瘤Ⅰ～Ⅱ级、胶质瘤Ⅲ～Ⅳ级的标记指数 (LI)分别为 (72 .2± 17.3) %、(5 2 .3± 11.4 ) %、(7.4± 1.5 ) % ,而PCNA的表达则相反 ;两者在肿瘤中的表达呈负相关。结论　p2 7kip1、PCNA在脑胶质瘤中的表达可预测该肿瘤生物学行为特征     

人乳腺癌PTEN蛋白的表达和意义及其与p27~(kip1)和cyclinD_1表达的相关性

目的　探讨抑癌基因 PTEN蛋白在人乳腺癌的表达定位、表达水平 ,与临床病理指标的关系及其预后意义 ,及其分别与可能的下游基因、抑癌基因 p2 7kip1、癌基因 cyclin D1 蛋白表达之间的相关性。　方法　应用免疫组织化学染色 SP方法 ,检测 6 1例乳腺癌组织石蜡切片 PTEN蛋白、p2 7kip1和cyclin D1 蛋白的表达状况 ,比较 PTEN蛋白表达与临床病理指标 (组织学分级、肿块大小、淋巴结转移程度、TNM分期 )、激素受体 (ER、 PR)的关系 ,观察与 p2 7kip1 、cyclin D1 蛋白表达是否相关。　结果　 PTEN蛋白表达定位于细胞质 ,p2 7kip1 的表达定位于细胞核 ,cyclin D1 蛋白表达大多定位于细胞核 ,少数于细胞质。本组 PTEN蛋白阴性占 6 .6 %(4/ 6 1) ,表达减低者 4 1.0 % (2 5 / 6 1) ,阳性表达者占 5 2 .5 %(32 / 6 1) ;p2 7kip1蛋白阴性表达占 19.7% (12 / 6 1) ,表达减低者占 4 4 .3% (2 7/ 6 1) ,阳性表达者占 36 .1% (2 2 / 6 1) ;cyclinD1 阴性者占 31.2 % (19/ 6 1) ,弱阳性者占 37.7% (2 3/ 6 1) ,强阳性者占 31.2 (19/ 6 1)。 PTEN与淋巴结状态、ER状态及局部复发、远处转移相关。单因素生存分析 ,PTEN蛋白高表达组 5年生存率 (87.5 0 % )优于低表达组 (5 8.6 2 % ,P =0 .0 10 1)。Cox模型多因素分析未显     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.