NPPB对心室肌细胞容积敏感性氯通道的影响

目的　观察氯通道阻断剂对小鼠心室肌容积敏感性氯通道的影响。方法　采用急性分离的小鼠心 室肌细胞,低渗溶液激活容积敏感性氯通道电流,膜片钳全细胞记录法记录电流。结果　低渗溶液激活了一 个明显的容积敏感性氯通道电流,该电流具有明显的外向整流特征,能被5 硝基 2(3 苯丙胺) 苯甲酸可逆性 明显抑制,对内外向电流的抑制率几乎相等[(79.1±2.5)%比(77.1±2.2)%]。结论　小鼠心室肌细胞容积 敏感性氯通道电流具有外向整流性及时间依赖性失活特性,能被氯通道阻断剂所抑制,且该抑制作用具有一 定的电压依赖性。     

丙线照射后小鼠小肠肌层胆硷酯酶和胆硷乙酰转移酶活性的变化

电离辐射后动物小肠组织中乙酰胆硷(Ach)含量增高可能是引起肠道运动功能紊乱的原因之一。研究照射后肠道组织中ACh含量变化对于阐明肠道运动功能紊乱原因及其防治具有一定的意义。正常情况下,小肠组织中胆硷乙酰转移酶(ChAT)和胆硷酯酶(ChE)活性是维持ACh含量恒定的主要因素。Conard曾报道X线600rad照射后的大鼠小肠组织中ChE活性降低到40%。我们也观察到丙线照射后小鼠小肠组织中ChE活性降低到40—50%,而ACh含量却大幅度增高,但是ChE活性降低和ACh含量增高的     

芥菜籽对BALB/c小鼠变应性接触性皮炎的作用研究

目的探讨食用5%芥菜籽饲料对小鼠变应性接触性皮炎模型的作用及机制。方法将30只SPF级雌性BALB/c小鼠随机分为芥菜籽组、模型对照组、正常对照组。模型对照组和正常对照组给予普通饲料,芥菜籽组给予含5%芥菜籽饲料。喂养3周后,用2,4-二硝基氟苯诱导小鼠ACD模型:实验第1、2天用0.5%2,4-二硝基氟苯溶液外涂于背部剃毛处,第6天用0.25%2,4-二硝基氟苯溶液外涂左耳背腹面进行激发。耳部激发24 h后,取小鼠耳片测量质量差,行HE染色观察局部炎症细胞浸润情况,采用ELISA方法检测血清TNF-α的变化。结果芥菜籽组小鼠耳片质量的改变明显小于模型对照组,局部炎症细胞计数明显减少,血清TNF-α值亦低于模型对照组(P<0.05)。结论喂饲5%芥菜籽饲料可有效抑制2,4-二硝基氟苯所诱导的小鼠ACD,显著减轻水肿和炎症细胞浸润,下调血清TNF-α。     

N-硝基-L-精氨酸对吗啡依赖小鼠催促戒断反应的治疗作用及对吗啡耐受性的影响

目的：研究一氧化氮合酶(NOS)抑制剂N-硝基-L-精氨酸(LNNA)对吗啡依赖小鼠催促戒断反应的治疗作用。方法：采用小鼠戒断模型．观察不同给药途径(ip和ig)．不同剂量的LNNA对吗啡依赖小鼠戒断综合症的治疗效果。结果：NOS抑制剂LNNA可明显延长戒断小鼠跳跃潜伏期，减少小鼠的戒断跳跃反应次数，且抑制其腹泻症状。结论：NOS抑制剂LNNA可延缓吗啡耐受。     

严重多发伤后血清胆碱酯酶的动态变化及影响因素

目的 探讨严重多发伤后血清胆碱酯酶(ChE)活性动态变化的意义及影响因素.方法 用DTNB显色分光光度比色法检测53例患者伤后第1,3,7天的血清ChE、白蛋白(ALB)、血细胞比容(HCT)、前白蛋白(PAB)、转铁蛋白(TRF)、C反应蛋白(CRP).记录ISS及急性生理和慢性健康评估Ⅲ(APACHE Ⅲ)评分,并进行统计学分析.结果 伤后血清ChE活性均低于对照组且持续下降,与APACHE Ⅲ及ISS呈负相关.血清ChE活性在ISS≤25分组先下降后恢复,ISS＞25分组持续下降,在死亡和生存组均持续下降.伤后第1天与血清ChE变化显著相关的是HCT、PAB、TRF,第3天与TRF、ALB、CRP相关,第7天与PAB、CRP、ISS、TRF相关.结论 血清ChE活性的动态变化有助于监测多发伤伤情,肝脏合成、血液稀释、炎症反应可不同程度影响其动态变化.     

外周血miR-223、血清胆碱酯酶、C反应蛋白对腰椎骨折内固定术后细菌感染诊断价值

目的 探讨外周血miR-223、血清胆碱酯酶(ChE)、C反应蛋白(CRP)水平对腰椎骨折内固定术后细菌感染的诊断价值。方法 选取自2019年10月至2020年10月北京积水潭医院收治的35例腰椎内固定术后感染患者为研究对象,并将其纳入B组。选取同期行腰椎骨折内固定术后未发生感染的35例患者纳入A组。术后3 d采集两组患者空腹静脉血,检测血清miR-223、ChE和CRP水平。应用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线下面积(AUC)评价血清miR-223、ChE和CRP预测术后感染的效能。结果 B组共培养分离病原菌42株,其中革兰阳性菌31株(73.81%),革兰阴性菌11株(26.19%)。B组患者术后3 d外周血miR-223、CRP水平均高于A组,ChE水平低于A组,两组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。miR-223、ChE、CRP三者联合预测术后感染的AUC分别大于miR-223、ChE和CRP单独预测术后感染的AUC(Z=2.887、3.779、3.598,P<0.05)。miR-223、ChE、CRP三者联合诊断预测术后感染的特异度、准确度均高于miR-223...     

梭曼局部中毒膈肌终板新生胆碱酯酶来源的探讨

梭曼是较彻底的不可逆性胆碱酯酶(ChE)抑制剂。因为没有自动活化的干扰,对研究新生ChE有关问题比较有利。关于哺乳动物骨胳肌运动终板结构中ChE的来源问题,直至目前并未研究清楚。以往是从胚胎和幼体发生的角度研究终板ChE的形成,最近Juntunen综合报导了这一问题。从他所提供的资料可看出,大鼠出生后肌肉     

芥菜籽对BALB/c小鼠变应性接触性皮炎的作用研究

目的探讨食用5%芥菜籽饲料对小鼠变应性接触性皮炎模型的作用及机制。方法将30只SPF级雌性BALB/c小鼠随机分为芥菜籽组、模型对照组、正常对照组。模型对照组和正常对照组给予普通饲料,芥菜籽组给予含5%芥菜籽饲料。喂养3周后,用2,4-二硝基氟苯诱导小鼠ACD模型：实验第1、2天用0.5%2,4-二硝基氟苯溶液外涂于背部剃毛处,第6天用0.25%2,4-二硝基氟苯溶液外涂左耳背腹面进行激发。耳部激发24 h后,取小鼠耳片测量质量差,行HE染色观察局部炎症细胞浸润情况,采用ELISA方法检测血清TNF-α的变化。结果芥菜籽组小鼠耳片质量的改变明显小于模型对照组,局部炎症细胞计数明显减少,血清TNF-α值亦低于模型对照组（P〈0.05）。结论喂饲5%芥菜籽饲料可有效抑制2,4-二硝基氟苯所诱导的小鼠ACD,显著减轻水肿和炎症细胞浸润,下调血清TNF-α。     

紫外线照射自血回输疗法对梭曼染毒家兔全血胆碱酯酶活性的影响

目的 :探讨紫外线照射自血回输疗法 (AUVIB)对梭曼染毒家兔全血胆碱酯酶 (ChE)活性的影响。方法 :健康家兔 2 4只 ,随机分为 4组 :阴性对照组 ,中毒组 ,常规治疗组及AUVIB治疗组 ,观察染毒家兔血常规及胆碱酯酶活性变化。结果 :AUVIB治疗组ChE活性明显高于中毒组及常规治疗组 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :AUVIB疗法显著提高全血ChE活性 ,可应用于梭曼急性中毒的治疗。     

用NO自旋捕集-ESR方法研究几种硝基药物的作用

目的：研究ＮＯ在几种硝酸酯类药物的体内作用中的地位。方法：用自旋捕集－ ＥＳＲ法，测定了４ 种硝基类药物作用小鼠体内外不同组织和尿液中一氧化氮（ＮＯ） 含量的变化。结果：硝普钠，硝酸甘油和消心痛作用后，小鼠体内外ＮＯ均有不同程度的升高，而硝苯地平则未表现出ＮＯ改变。结论：由此表明，上述４ 种药物在小鼠体内的作用机制是不同的     

Spectrophotometric determination of circulating cholinesterases in rats

A spectrophotometric assay was established to determine circulating levels of cholinesterase (ChE) in the whole blood of rats. A commercially available ChE reagent set was obtained and the suggested procedure modified to quantify and correct for the activity resulting from nonenzymatic hydrolysis of the substrate. The stability of ChE as well as the effect of sampling site, exercise, and carbamate administration were evaluated. The ChE activity of blood drawn from a jugular cannula (central sample) was less than that drawn from a lateral tail vein (peripheral sample), but percent change in activity between sampling times was not different between the two sites. Cholinesterase in carbamate-inhibited blood was not stable and had to be assayed soon after sampling. Therefore, if the assay is performed soon after sampling, rat whole blood ChE activity may be determined spectrophotometrically, and the blood may be sampled either peripherally or centrally.     

Effect of diet on dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate toxicity in rats.

Young male albino rats (120+/-5 g) were kept for 30 d on the following synthetic diets--High Protein Diet (HPD): 59% casein; Low Protein Diet (LPD): 5% casein; High Fat Diet (HFD): 51% fat; and Standard Diet (SD); 19% casein, 11% fat, and 60% sucrose. Composition of diet per se did not significantly affect plasma and RBC cholinesterase (ChE) activity, Mortality of animals on different diets, due to administration of DDVP (Vapona, dichlorovos) 50 mg/kg i.p. was: SD: 37%; HPD: 26.5%, LPD: 53%; and HFD: 44%. Plasma ChE inhibition after 24 h of DDVP administration (in surviving animals) was SD: 42%; HPD: 52%; LPD: 55%; and HFD: 47%. Erythrocyte ChE inhibition was 40% in SD, HPD, and HFD and 60% in the LPD rats. Five days following DDVP administration, plasma ChE was normal and erythrocyte ChE was still significantly increased and erythrocyte ChE was normal.     

pCI_(50)值测定新法及其应用

酶抑制50%时药(毒)物浓度的负对数(简称pCI_(50))是药(毒)物的重要生物活性参数.用酶活性抑制率对数与药(毒)物浓度负对数的关系计算pCI_(50)值,比用简单直线段回归及作图法结果准确,应用范围广,对低毒性药(毒)物的pCI_(50)也可计算,应用本法测定了13个新叔胺型胆碱酯酶抑制剂的pCI_(50)值,比较了小鼠脑酶与电鳐胆碱酯酶的差别.     

Field verification of Test-mate ChE

The objective was to evaluate the ability of the Test-mate ChE to determine acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity under field conditions. To mimic nerve agent exposure, the U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense spiked blood samples with variable amounts of soman. Blinded to the identity of the samples, the 520th Theater Army Medical Laboratory tested the samples during a field training exercise inside their environmentally controlled mobile facility. The technicians repeated measurements for 6 consecutive days, and on 1 of the days repeated the measurements six times. The technicians accurately identified all of the samples and quantified the AChE activity. The major trend was that the Test-mate ChE is more precise and reproducible for smaller doses of soman. The results were reliable over all temperatures during the field exercise. In conclusion, the Test-mate ChE is a reliable field instrument to determine blood AChE activity.     

Evaluation of the liver uptake rate measured by 99mTc-GSA SPECT to assess liver function

Whether the global liver uptake rate of 99mTc-GSA directly measured by SPECT is useful as a new index of liver function was evaluated in comparison with biochemical test results (PT%, ChE, Alb, ICG R15, KICG) and Child classification. 99mTc-GSA SPECT was performed in 157 patients with diffuse hepatic disease or hepatobiliary tumor, and two indices, namely the global liver uptake rate measured by SPECT 15 minutes after intravenous injection of 99mTc-GSA (LUS 15) and liver uptake per volume (liver uptake density) were examined. Both LUS 15 and liver uptake density were significantly correlated with biochemical test results and Child classification. In particular, close relationships between LUS 15 and ICGR15 (r = -0.720, p < 0.0001), LUS 15 and KICG (r = -0.750, p < 0.0001), and between LUS 15 and ChE (r = 0.720, p < 0.0001), indicate that LUS 15 is a useful index to evaluate liver function. Moreover, the local liver uptake rate measured by SPECT represented regional liver function and was considered a useful index to predict the function of the remnant liver after invasive treatment such as surgery.     

福定碱对胆碱酯酶的抑制特点

福定碱是一新结构类型的可逆性胆碱酯酶抑制剂。它具有较强的拟胆碱作用。对小鼠脑、红细胞和猪脑固相胆碱酯酶(AChE)的抑制强度为对血浆胆碱酯酶(BuChE)抑制强度的数千倍。体内对小鼠AChE的抑制时间远比氨基甲酸酯类化合物催醒宁(二甲氨基甲酸-5-(1,3,3-三甲基)吲哚满酯盐酸盐(TIDC)长。抑酶方式属竞争和非竞争性的混合型抑制。     

大鼠坐骨神经损伤后嗅球成鞘细胞对脊髓神经元的保护作用

目的：探讨嗅球成鞘细胞（OECs)对大鼠坐骨神经损伤引起的脊髓前角运动神经元死亡的保护作用，方法：30只SD大鼠随机分成对照（SAL）组和实验（OFCs)组，采用硅胶管套接大鼠切断的坐骨神经，硅胶管内给予等渗盐水或培养成活的新生大鼠OECs，分别于伤后7，14，30d应用尼氏染色，酶组织化学染色方法，检测神经损伤侧的脊髓前角运动神经元死亡数目和胆碱酯酶（ChE)及酸性磷酸酶（ACP）的变化。结果：与SAL组比较，伤后7，14和30d,OECs组脊髓前角运动神经元死亡率分别降低了7．04％，6．44％，和9．72％（P＜0．01），脊髓前角运动神经元中ChE活性变化幅度分别降低了4．03％，4．25％和5．72％（P＜0．01），ACP的变化幅度分别下降了51％、64％和92％（P＜0．01），结论：OECs对周围神经损伤后引起的神经元死亡有较好的保护作用。     

评价治疗重症肌无力的电生理学方法

在乌拉坦麻醉兔上分离坐骨神经－腓肠肌，正中神经－旋前圆肌标本，分别用单脉冲、５Ｈｚ、５０Ｈｚ和１００Ｈｚ持续２ｓ的串冲刺激，同时记录神经腓肠肌和旋前圆肌的诱发电位和收缩幅度的变化。用可逆性胆碱醋酶抑制剂－－福定碱治疗实验性自身免疫性重症肌兔，观察到ＥＡＭＧ兔肌电电位增高和收缩幅度加强。     

A new method for pharmacokinetic analysis of 99mTc-GSA using two-compartment and two-parameter model

Technetium-99m-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid-galactosyl-human serum albumin (99mTc-GSA) is a liver scintigraphy agent which binds to asialoglycoprotein receptor in hepatocyte. Twenty-six patients with liver dysfunction were examined with 99mTc-GSA liver scintigraphy using two-compartment and two-parameter model (2C2P model). The 99mTc-GSA was assumed to move within two compartments (whole blood and liver). k1 and k2 were parameters which represented transfer rate constant from blood to liver, and from liver to blood, respectively. Two differential equations based on 2C2P model were integrated, so that k1, k2, k1/k2 and VLmg were estimated from the time-activity curves of the heart and liver. VLmg was computed as maximum amount of 99mTc-GSA binding to liver. The results were compared with the liver function tests and the conventional 99mTc-GSA indices: HH15, LHL15, and LU15. k1/k2 and VLmg values had positive correlation with the result of the serum liver function tests, Plt., T.Bil., ChE, GOT, LDH, ALP and gamma GTP. It is concluded that this new method using 2C2P model is not invasive and simplest in the 99mTc-GSA liver scintigraphies, and may be useful in evaluating liver function.