袖式切除治疗82例肺癌患者的临床分析

背景与目的:支气管袖式切除和/或肺血管袖式切除在切除肿瘤的同时能最大限度地保留健康肺组织,为肺癌外科治疗提供了一种手术方式。本研究旨在探讨肺癌袖式切除的技术问题、手术结果、术后并发症及患者术后生存情况。方法:选择2001年6月至2006年12月,在浙江省肿瘤医院行袖式切除的82例中央型肺癌患者,其中23例同时行肺动脉血管袖式切除,2例单独行肺血管袖式切除。所有患者术中行系统淋巴结清扫。观察淋巴结清扫情况以及术后并发症的发生情况,用Kaplan-Meier法对患者的生存情况进行分析。结果:82例患者清扫9～57个淋巴结,平均20个,中位数19个。淋巴结N1转移49例,占59.8%;N2转移21例,占25.6%。2例(2.4%)患者在围手术期死亡,无支气管吻合口瘘发生。全组中位生存期26个月。1、2、3、5年生存率分别为78.4%、52.5%、39.1%、23.4%。男性和女性、<60岁与≥60岁患者的1、3、5年生存率均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。而N1(-)N2(-)、N1( )N2(-)、N2( )患者的1、3、5年生存率差异有显著性(P<0.01);Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期、ⅢA期、ⅢB期患者的1、3、5年生存率差异也有显著性(P<0.01)。结论:肺癌袖式切除手术死亡率以及与吻合相关并发症发生率低,可在掌握适应证的情况下代替全肺切除。系统淋巴结清扫不增加手术并发症和死亡率。袖式切除术后患者的生存与淋巴结转移状况以及临床分期有关,而与性别、年龄无关。     

支气管袖状成形肺切除术治疗支气管肺癌81例报告

目的 回顾分析我院1984－1999年间81例支气管袖状成形术,重点讨论各种袖状成形术的术式,总结经验。方法 术式包括左和右肺上叶支气管袖状切除术33例,右肺中叶袖状切除术6例,左和右肺下叶袖状切除术3例,右肺中叶及基底段支气管袖状切除术5例,右肺上叶、部分中叶及基底段支气管袖状切除术2例,左上叶及部分基底段支气管袖状切除术4例,左肺下叶及舌段袖状切除术5例,下叶背段袖状切除术8例,左肺舌段袖状切除术2例,主支气管袖状切除术4例,主支气管及上叶和中间支气管或下叶支气管袖状切除术3例,右中间和中叶支气管及下叶支气管袖状切除术3例,双袖状切除术3例。结果 本组81例无手术死亡,亦未出现严重的手术并发症。最常见的术后并发症为肺不张（共4例）,主要发生在段支气管袖状肺切除术（占3例）。经协助咳痰、纤支镜吸痰、抗炎治疗而治愈。结论 支气管解剖复杂,同时亦具有较大的可塑性。应根据具体病变的性质、位置、范围和解剖特点选择合理的术式,争取最佳的治疗效果。     

A new method of preparing specimens for cytodiagnosis of lung cancer

A simple and effective method for concentrating sputum in the preparation of smears for cytodiagnosis of lung cancer was developed. The procedure, which utilizes a fixative consisting of 2,3-dihydroxy-1,4-dithiol-butane, 3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxy-toluene, polyoxyethylene-cetyl-ether, polyethylene glycol 1540, and ethyl alcohol in distilled water permitted preparation of an amucoid, thin smear. Sputum was collected in a screw-cap plastic tube containing the fixative. After 12 hours mucus in the sputum was liquefied and the cellular elements were obtained from the bottom of the tube. Cellular morphology was well preserved for cytodiagnosis. Microscopic observation was facilitated by lysis of the mucus. Estimation of cellular origin was rather easy because of the distinct fixation. Cells from the sputum sediment following liquefaction were more representative of the entire specimen than with a random selection method. The new method should be useful not only in hospitals but also in mass surveys.     

A new concept of endoscopic lung cancer resection: Single-direction thoracoscopic lobectomy

Although video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery was introduced in the early 1990s, its use in the treatment of lung cancer has been limited. We examined the effectiveness of a simplified surgical method for thoracoscopic lobectomy in patients with lung cancer from May 2006 to October 2007. This novel single-direction thoracoscopic lobectomy was characterized by incisions convenient for the placement of instruments and the lobectomy proceeded progressively in a single direction from superficial to deep structures. The procedure was completed successfully in 26 of 28 patients, with no perioperative deaths. The average operation time was 135 min (range, 100–200 min), average blood loss was 125 mL (range 10–500 mL) and average number of lymph nodes dissected was 11.8 (range, 6–23). The average postoperative hospital stay was 7.4 days (range, 5–10 days). Single-direction thoracoscopic lobectomy is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for lobe resection with clear procedural steps. It overcomes the difficulty in manipulation of incomplete lung fissures and potentially extends the indications of thoracoscopic lobectomy.     

肺癌流行病学和早期诊断新技术

肺癌是当今世界各国常见的恶性肿瘤 ,并已成为癌症死亡的主要原因。 2 0 0 0年美国新发病例达 16 94万人 ,近年来通过采用控制吸烟及大气污染等措施 ,发达国家的肺癌发病率有所下降 ,但我国肺癌发病率及死亡率仍占据首位。原发性肺癌的早期诊断非常重要 ,临床诊疗技术和先进仪器的使用有助于早期发现肺癌。就低剂量螺旋CT、荧光支气管镜、CT PET等在肺癌早期诊断中的应用及进展。     

Treatment Strategy for Chylothorax after Resection for Lung Cancer——16 Case Report

With the indication for lung cancer surgery and increasing com- mon systematic lymph node dissection, there has been a marked rise in the incidence of iatrogenic postoperative chylothorax. Postoperative chylothorax has become a prevalent complication of t…     

A novel and cost-effective method for early lung cancer detection in immunized serum

Background: The aim of this study was to detect early lung cancer rapidly with a novel and cost-effective quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) immunosensor. Materials and Methods: Murine Lewis lung carcinoma LL⁄ 2 cells were first cultured onto the surface of 10MHz 3rd overtone AT-cut quartz crystals in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium, and then the serum sample of LL/2 cell immunized rabbits was also dripped onto the quartz crystal surface center by micro-injector. In addition, non-immune rabbit serum was used as a negative control. The additional mass of the crystal which caused by specifically adsorbing antibody results in a change in resonant frequency. A frequency counter was employed to monitor the frequency variation. Then the antibody content of the LL/2 cell can be detected rapidly through changed frequency. Results: The antibody contents of the LL/2 adsorbed on the surface of six quartz crystals were 155ng, 55ng, 55ng, 32ng, 32ng, 0ng, respectively. The results showed that the LL/2 antibodies could be detected if they exist in serum at nanogram level with a high detection precision and a positive detection rate of above 80%. Conclusions: Our test results reveal that the proposed method has potential application in detection of early lung cancer.This novel detection method might be particularly suited for health screening of the general population.     

Evaluation of a follow-up programme after curative resection for colorectal cancer

Frequent liver imaging can detect liver metastases from colorectal cancer at an asymptomatic stage. © 1999 Cancer Research Campaign     

Preoperative cytodiagnosis of very small-sized peripheral-type primary lung cancer

To demonstrate the importance of preoperative diagnosis of pulmonary cancers presenting as peripheral small-sized solitary shadows we evaluated the results of morphologic definitive diagnosis together with various clinical factors in 91 tumors with less than 15-mm diameter resected surgically between 1983 and 1999. Histologically, these tumors consisted of 73 adenocarcinomas, nine squamous cell carcinomas, and nine other types. Regarding the pathologic stage, 57 tumors were classified in stage IA, three in IB, six in IIA, seven in IIIA, 14 in IIIB, and four in IV. Comparing various biopsy techniques, the sensitivity of preoperative cytodiagnosis was 43.7% for transbronchial brushing (n = 48), 52.9% for transbronchial forceps biopsy-stamp cytology (n = 51), 66.6% for transbronchial fine needle aspiration (n = 78), and 85.0% for percutaneous fine needle aspiration (n = 20). The overall sensitivity of preoperative cytodiagnosis was 79.0% for transbronchial biopsy (n = 81), and 87.3% for transbronchial and percutaneous biopsy (n = 87). Of 73 clinical N0 cases in which lobectomy was performed, 10 cases (13.6%) were diagnosed as between pathological degrees N1, N2 and N3. However, lung cancer cases with less than 10-mm diameter did not have lymph node metastasis. Our study of histologic differentiation showed that all cases of well-differentiated adenocarcinomas (n = 20) were pathological degree N0. The overall sensitivity of preoperative diagnosis increased to 89.1% in cases (n = 74) of tumors with 11-15-mm diameter. The sensitivity of cytodiagnosis for peripheral small-sized primary lung cancers is high, and we can estimate histological differentiation based on the cytological findings. Therefore, cytodiagnosis is an effective and indispensable diagnostic method for determination of the optimal treatment approach, including approaches such as intentionally limited resection.     

Urinary malate dehydrogenase 2 is a new biomarker for early detection of non-small-cell lung cancer

Reliable and noninvasive biomarkers for the early diagnosis of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are an unmet need. This study aimed to screen and validate potential urinary biomarkers for the early diagnosis of NSCLC. Using protein mass spectrometry, urinary MDH2 was found to be abundant both in patients with lung cancer and lung cancer model mice compared with controls. Urine samples obtained as retrospective and prospective cohorts including 1091 NSCLC patients and 736 healthy controls were measured using ELISA. Patients with stage I NSCLC had higher urinary MDH2 compared with healthy controls. The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) for the urinary MDH2 was 0.7679 and 0.7234 in retrospective and prospective cohorts to distinguish stage I cases from controls. Urinary MDH2 levels correlated with gender and smoking history. MDH2 expression levels were elevated in lung cancer tissues. MDH2 knockdown using shRNA inhibited the proliferation of lung cancer cells. Our study demonstrated that urinary MDH2 concentration was higher in early-stage NSCLC patients compared with that in controls and that MDH2 could serve as a potential biomarker for early detection of NSCLC.     

A multicenter retrospective study of endoscopic resection for early gastric cancer

Background The reported outcomes of endoscopic resection (ER) for early gastric cancer (EGC) remain limited to several single-institution studies. Methods A multicenter retrospective study was conducted at 11 Japanese institutions concerning their results for ER, including conventional endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). Results A total of 714 EGCs (EMR, 411; ESD, 303) in 655 consecutive patients were treated from January to December 2001. Technically, 511 of the 714 (71.6%) lesions were resected in one piece. The rate of one-piece resection with ESD (92.7%; 281/303) was significantly higher compared with that for EMR (56.0%; 230/411). Histologically, curative resection was found in 474 (66.3%) lesions. The rate of curative resection with ESD (73.6%; 223/303) was significantly higher compared with that for EMR (61.1%; 251/411). Blood transfusion because of bleeding was required in only 1 patient (0.1%) with EMR of 714 lesions. Perforation was found in 16 (2.2%). The incidence of perforation with ESD (3.6%; 11/303) was significantly higher than that with EMR (1.2%; 5/411). All complications were managed endoscopically, and there was no procedure-related mortality. The median follow-up period was 3.2 years (range, 0.5–5.0 years). In total, the 3-year cumulative residual-free/recurrence-free rate and the 3-year overall survival rate were 94.4% and 99.2%, respectively. The 3-year cumulative residual-free/recurrence-free rate in the ESD group (97.6%) was significantly higher than that in the EMR group (92.5%). Conclusion ER leads to an excellent 3-year survival in clinical practice and could be a possible standard treatment for EGC. ESD has the advantage of achieving one-piece resection and reducing local residual or recurrent tumor.     

肺癌的扩大切除研究进展

以手术为主的肺癌综合治疗是提高肺癌生存率的最有效途径。对局部晚期肺癌常需要扩大肺切除 ,即联合切除相应受累组织或器官才能达到彻底切除 ,它包括心包内处理肺血管、上腔静脉修补或置换、心房部分切除、支气管成形、肺动脉成形、隆突切除重建、主动脉修补和置换、食管切除重建以及体外循环辅助肺癌切除等。就国内外肺癌扩大切除的情况予以综述。     

Limited resection for Stage I lung cancer

We have reviewed our experience of limited resections for Stage I lung cancer for the years 1971-88. Sixty-one cases of sublobar resection (wedge or segmental) were compared with 411 lobar resections (lobectomies or bilobectomies), performed over the same period. Operative mortality was 0% in the limited resection group and 3% (12/411) in the control group. Cancer recurrence was detected respectively in 36% and 38% of patients, and actuarial survival at 5 years was 55% versus 49% overall. Sublobar resection had a slightly better outcome than lobar resection in pathological T1 (5-year survival of 73% vs 55%) but a worse outcome in pT2 (35% vs 46%); however, none of the differences was statistically significant. In 28 patients with pre-existing cardiac or pulmonary co-morbidity, limited resection yielded the same 5-year survival as lobectomy (53% vs 51%) with no peri-operative deaths (0 vs 5%). Although derived from a retrospective analysis, these data offer a further confirmation that limited resection combined with adequate nodal staging is a reliable and effective technique for early stage lung cancer management.     

Bronchoscopic treatment of patients with intraluminal microinvasive radiographically occult lung cancer not eligible for surgical resection: a follow-up study

Bronchoscopic treatment (BT) has a curative potential for patients with intraluminal microinvasive radiographically occult lung cancer (ROLC). We report the long-term follow-up in a group of 32 patients, ineligible for surgery, in whom ROLC was diagnosed and treated with BT. Tumors were strictly 相似文献   

两种肺段切割方式对行全胸腔镜手术早期周围型肺癌患者术中术后临床指标及术后并发症的影响

目的:探讨肺段电刀和机械切割方式对行全胸腔镜手术早期周围型肺癌患者术中术后临床指标及术后并发症的影响。方法:选取我院2016年6月至2018年6月收治的早期周围型肺癌患者共128例,以随机数字表法分为A组（64例）和B组（64例）,分别在全胸腔镜手术下行肺段电刀和机械切割,比较两组术中术后临床指标水平和术后并发症发生率。结果:B组手术用时显著少于A组（P<0.05）;两组手术出血量、手术出血量＞200 ml、纵隔淋巴结切除比例、术后胸腔闭式引流时间、术后住院时间及术后3 d胸腔引流量比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;同时两组术后并发症发生率比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论:全胸腔镜手术中肺段电刀和机械切割方式用于早期周围型肺癌患者治疗在医源性创伤程度、术后康复时间及手术安全性方面较为接近;但肺段电刀切割方式应用可能增加手术难度,延长术中操作用时。     

胸腔镜下肺癌根治术对患者血清肿瘤标志物和肺功能的影响

目的探讨胸腔镜下肺癌根治术对肺癌患者手术前后血清肿瘤标志物及肺功能的影响。方法选取2018年1月至2018年12月间宝鸡市中心医院收治的75例行肺癌根治术的患者,按照手术方式不同分为观察组(40例)和对照组(35例)。观察组患者采用胸腔镜手术,对照组患者采用常规开胸手术,比较两组患者手术前后血清癌胚抗原(CEA)、糖类抗原125(CA125)、细胞角蛋白19片段(CY211)、表皮生长因子(EGF)及肺功能变化情况。结果术后,两组患者血清CEA、CA125、CY211和EGF水平均较术前改善(均P <0. 05);两组患者CEA、CA125和CY211水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P> 0. 05),EGF水平比较,差异有统计学意义(P <0. 05)。术后,两组患者血清CEA、CA125、CY211和EGF阳性率均较手术前降低,差异均有统计学意义(均P <0. 05);两组患者CEA、CA125和CY211阳性率比较,差异无统计学意义(P> 0. 05); EGF阳性率比较,差异有统计学意义(P <0. 05)。术后,两组患者FVC、FEV1和FEV1/FVC水平均高于术前,且观察组患者优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P <0. 05)。结论胸腔镜下肺癌根治术能有效改善患者血清CEA、CA125、CY211、EGF及肺功能,保证临床治疗效果,值得推广。     

肺癌外科治疗210例的远期结果分析

目的 探讨影响肺癌切除术后患者远期疗效的因素。方法对1987年1月～1999年12月间210例接受肺癌切除术患者的临床、病理和随访资料进行回顾性研究。选择9个可能对预后产生影响的因素，通过COX比例风险模型进行多因素生存分析。结果全组患者3年生存率为37．4%，5年生存率为30．1％，10年生存率为23．5％。单因素分析显示：p-TNM分期中T和N的不同分期、肺癌组织学类型、手术方式和手术性质对手术后远期生存率的影响有统计学意义。多因素分析显示：p-TNM分期中T和N的不同分期和手术性质是影响预后的独立因素；N2-3期肺癌患者手术后死亡的危险比(hazard ratio)是N0-1者的2．42倍(P=0．0001)，T24期肺癌患者术后死亡危险比是T1者的3．50倍(P=0．0330)，接受姑息性手术的患者术后死亡危险比是根治性切除者的1．77倍(P=0．0224)。结论p-TNM分期中T和N的不同分期和手术性质是影响预后的最重要的三个因素，要提高肺癌患者术后远期生存率，早期手术治疗是关键，同时手术中必须彻底清扫淋巴结,避免非根治性手术。