米氮平联合佐匹克隆治疗老年慢性失眠疗效观察

目的观察分析米氮平联合佐匹克隆治疗老年慢性失眠的临床疗效。方法将80例老年慢性失眠患者随机分为治疗组和对照组各40例,治疗组给予米氮平联合佐匹克隆口服治疗,对照组仅给予佐匹克隆口服,观察2组治疗前和治疗2周、4周8周时匹兹堡睡眠指数(PSQI)评分变化,并以匹兹堡睡眠指数量表减分率为疗效指标进行有效率评定,比较2组治疗前及治疗后不同时间点评分变化有无差异,并对2组治疗后有效率进行比较。结果治疗前2组患者PSQI评分比较无明显差异,治疗2、4、8周后PSQI均较治疗前减低,但治疗2周时2组PSQI评分比较差异无统计学意义P0.05),治疗4周及8周2组PSQI评分进一步减低,且2组评分差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗8周末,治疗组总有效率95%,对照组总有效率75%,总有效率比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论佐匹克隆联合米氮平能更好改善老年患者顽固性失眠症,提高治疗有效率。     

团体认知行为治疗及佐匹克隆对原发性失眠患者睡眠质量影响的比较

目的:探讨团体认知行为治疗(GCBT)及佐匹克隆对原发性失眠患者睡眠质量影响的比较.方法:90例原发性失眠患者随机分为GCBT组及佐匹克隆组,每组45例;GCBT组采用GCBT、佐匹克隆组口服佐匹克隆7.5 mg;疗程均为12周.治疗前后分别进行匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)、睡眠状况自评量表(SRSS)、症状自评量表...     

脑电生物反馈辅助治疗老年失眠症的疗效观察

目的 研究脑电生物反馈疗法辅助治疗老年失眠症的效果.方法 将67例老年失眠症患者随机分为研究组（34例,使用右佐匹克隆合并脑电生物反馈治疗8周）和对照组（33例,单用右佐匹克隆治疗8周）.采用多导睡眠（PSG）监测技术和匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表（PSQI）评定疗效.结果 治疗后第8周末,两组多导睡眠脑电图中实际睡眠总时间、睡眠效率、睡眠维持率、睡眠潜伏期、REM（快速眼动）潜伏期、REM睡眠比例、夜间觉醒次数、觉醒总时间较治疗前显著改善（P＜0.05）;且研究组睡眠脑电图各项数据与对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.两组PSQI评分均低于各自治疗前（P＜0.05）,研究组PSQI评分显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）.结论 脑电生物反馈疗法辅助治疗老年失眠症有较好的效果.     

银丹心脑通软胶囊对血管性痴呆大鼠学习记忆能力及皮层反应性氮中介物含量的影响

目的 探讨银丹心脑通软胶囊对血管性痴呆(VD)大鼠学习记忆能力及大脑皮层反应性氮中介物含量的影响. 方法 将SD大鼠按随机数字表法分为假手术组、VD组、银丹心脑通软胶囊治疗组,后两组采用永久性结扎双侧颈总动脉方法制备VD模型,银丹心脑通软胶囊治疗组于手术后即刻给予银丹心脑通软胶囊60 mg/(kg·d)灌胃,连续给药4周.4周后采用Morris水迷宫试验观察各组大鼠学习记忆能力的改变,采用比色法检测大鼠大脑皮层一氧化氮(NO)、诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)含量的变化. 结果 VD组与银丹心脑通软胶囊治疗组、假手术组比较,逃避潜伏期明显延长,原平台所在象限的搜索时间明显缩短,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).银丹心脑通软胶囊治疗组较VD组逃避潜伏期明显缩短、原平台所在象限的搜索时间明显延长,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).银丹心脑通软胶囊治疗组与VD组相比,大脑皮层NO和iNOS含量明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05). 结论 银丹心脑通软胶囊能降低VD大鼠皮层NO、iNOS含量,对学习记忆能力有明显的提高作用.     

右佐匹克隆联合米氮平对慢性失眠障碍的疗效分析

目的探讨右佐匹克隆联合米氮平对慢性失眠障碍患者的临床疗效。方法按随机数字法将82例慢性失眠患者分成研究组42例,对照组40例,对照组给予口服右佐匹克隆(1.5～3mg/d),研究组在对照组的基础上联合口服米氮平(15～30mg/d)治疗,在治疗前,治疗后1、2、4周分别对两组研究对象进行匹兹堡睡眠指数(PSQI)、不良反应量表(TESS)的评定;并以PSQI量表减分率进行有效率评定。同时在治疗前、治疗后4周对两组研究对象进行整夜睡眠呼吸监测(PSG),通过PSG睡眠指标观察对比两组治疗前后的变化。结果治疗后两组PSQI总分较治疗前均逐步下降,治疗4周后研究组有效率92.9%,对照组80%,差异具有统计学意义(χ2=11.296,P=0.010);研究组PSQI总分明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0. 05)。经治疗两组均出现TST延长,ATA、AT明显减少,SL明显缩短,SE明显提高,REM潜伏期缩短,REM、N2时间延长,与治疗前差异均有统计学意义(P0. 05);其中研究组对比治疗前还有N3时间及比例的明显增加,差异有统计学意义(P0. 05);治疗后研究组在TST、N2、N3时间及N3比例的增加,SL、ATA、AT的减少,SE的提高方面均较对照组明显,差异具有统计学意义(P0. 05)。结论右佐匹克隆联合米氮平对慢性失眠的治疗较单一使用右佐匹克隆疗效要好;安全性高,能加深睡眠,减少觉醒。     

银丹心脑通软胶囊对腔隙性脑梗死患者血液流变学及血脂的影响

目的 探讨腔隙性脑梗死患者血液流变学和血脂指标的变化及银丹心脑通软胶囊对其的影响. 方法 检测62例腔隙性脑梗死患者血液流变学和血脂指标,并与50例健康老年人进行比较:62例腔隙性脑梗死患者中50例于银丹心脑通软胶囊治疗45 d后再次检测血液流变学和血脂指标,观察银丹心脑通软胶囊的治疗作用. 结果腔隙性脑梗死患者血液流变学指标均较健康老年人高,比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);血三酰甘油、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇均较健康老年人高,比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).经银丹心脑通软胶囊治疗后,腔隙性脑梗死患者血液流变学和血脂指标均较治疗前有明显改善,比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05). 结论 腔隙性脑梗死患者存在血液流变学和血脂指标的明显异常,银丹心脑通软胶囊可改善老年腔隙性脑梗死患者的血液流变学及血脂异常.     

右佐匹克隆治疗失眠症患者的疗效

目的:评价右佐匹克隆治疗失眠症的临床疗效与不良反应。方法:80例失眠症患者分成右佐匹克隆组40例和地西泮组40例。右佐匹克隆组患者每晚睡前服用右佐匹克隆2～3mg;地西泮组患者每晚睡前服用地西泮5～10mg,连续3周。采用睡眠障碍量表(SDRS)评定疗效,治疗中出现的症状量表(TESS)评定药物的不良反应。结果:右佐匹克隆组和地西泮组治疗失眠的有效率分别为77.5%和75%,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组TESS评分以右佐匹克隆组明显低于地西泮组(P<0.01)。结论:右佐匹克隆治疗失眠症疗效确切,不良反应较地西泮少。     

右佐匹克隆治疗适应性失眠患者的有效性及对睡眠结构的影响

目的 使用临床评估量表和多导睡眠检测技术研究镇静催眠药物右佐匹克隆治疗适应性失眠患者的有效性及其对睡眠结构的影响.方法 采用治疗前后自身对照设计,比较适应性失眠患者使用右佐匹克隆治疗前后的睡眠结构变化及评估其药物疗效.纳入对象为上海长征医院神经内科睡眠障碍门诊中符合诊断标准的患者共32例,其中女性20例,男性12例,平均年龄36.2岁.患者接受连续3d药物治疗(每次3 mg右佐匹克隆),观察指标为服药前及服药第3天睡眠相关的主观与客观检查(量表评估和多导睡眠图检查),记录并分析患者的总卧床时间、总睡眠时间、觉醒时间、入睡潜伏期、睡眠效率、非快速眼动(NREM)睡眠各期时间百分比、快速眼动(REM)睡眠时间百分比等,并使用失眠严重程度指数量表( ISI)和MMSE评价患者的失眠严重程度和药物对于患者日间认知功能的影响.结果 右佐匹克隆能够缩短入睡潜伏期[治疗前( 52.92±11.71) min,治疗后(28.2±10.11)min;t=-4.376,P＜0.01]、延长总睡眠时间[治疗前(365.22±30.13) min,治疗后(429.18±26.93)min;t=4.102,P＜0.01]、减少觉醒次数[治疗前(5.00±1.92)次,治疗后(2.73±0.91)次;t=-4.592,P＜0.01]、提高睡眠效率(治疗前72.69％±6.32％,治疗后82.67％±4.16％;t=3.371,P＜0.01)、缩短觉醒时间[治疗前(88.51±17.48) min,治疗后(65.93±21.10) min;t=-5.863,P＜0.01]、降低NREM 1期时间百分比(治疗前12.54％±2.10％,治疗后7.30％±2.90％;t=-3.155,P＜0.01)、增加慢波睡眠时间百分比(治疗前8.03％±5.37％,治疗后9.31％±5.29％;t=4.228,P＜0.01),而对NREM 2期睡眠时间百分比、REM睡眠时间百分比无明显影响.右佐匹克隆能够提高患者对睡眠质量的主观评价(ISI评分降低,t=-2.551,P＜0.05),且服药后对患者次日清晨的认知功能无明显影响(MMSE评分未见降低).结论 右佐匹克隆能够正性调节急性失眠患者的睡眠结构,提高患者的主观睡眠质量,对日间认知功能无明显影响,安全性好.     

右佐匹克隆治疗卒中后失眠症的效果分析

目的分析右佐匹克隆治疗卒中后失眠症的临床有效性。方法我院2015-01—2016-06收治的卒中后失眠症患者56例,根据随机数字表法分为2组各28例。所有患者用药前1周停用各种催眠、镇静药物,作为洗脱期。阿普唑仑组给予阿普唑仑治疗,每晚睡前40min服用0.4mg,1周后可根据情况调整为0.8mg,治疗4周。右佐匹克隆组给予右佐匹克隆治疗,每晚睡前40min服用2mg,1周后可根据情况调整为1mg或3mg,治疗4周。2组治疗期间均给予复方丹参片、尼莫地平、阿司匹林肠溶片等治疗,合并高血压者可给予硝苯地平缓释片治疗。对比2组治疗前后睡眠质量指数、神经功能缺损情况,以及总有效率、药物不良反应发生率,比较2组治疗前后SCL-90量表中各项心理指标。结果右佐匹克隆组失眠症总有效率明显高于阿普唑仑组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。右佐匹克隆组药物不良反应发生率明显低于阿普唑仑组(P0.05)。2组治疗前睡眠质量指数、神经功能缺损情况无显著差异(P0.05);经治疗,右佐匹克隆组睡眠质量指数、神经功能缺损情况均明显优于阿普唑仑组(P0.05)。2组治疗前SCL-90量表中各项心理指标无显著差异(P0.05);经治疗,右佐匹克隆组SCL-90量表中各项心理指标均明显优于阿普唑仑组(P0.05)。结论右佐匹克隆治疗卒中后失眠症的临床有效性高,可快速发挥药效,有效改善患者神经功能及焦虑、抑郁、恐惧等各种不良心理状态,提升睡眠质量,且不良反应更少,安全性高,值得临床推广。     

右佐匹克隆替换对长期服用苯二氮■类药的慢性精神分裂症患者睡眠的影响

目的:探讨右佐匹克隆替换对长期服用苯二氮■类药的慢性精神分裂症患者睡眠的影响。方法:采用开放式设计,依照医师和患者协商结果将80例长期服用苯二氮■类药的慢性精神分裂症住院患者分成右佐匹克隆组(41例,在1周内逐渐换用右佐匹克隆3 mg/d)和对照组(39例,服用的苯二氮■类药品及剂量不变);观察4周。替换前后分别给予匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)、阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS)及治疗中出现的症状量表(TESS)评定及比较。结果:替换前后两组间PSQI评分差异无统计学意义;替换后右佐匹克隆组PSQI总分及睡眠质量、入睡时间、睡眠时间和日间功能障碍评分明显低于替换前(F=31.69,7.03,4.79,10.58;P0.05或P0.01);替换前后两组PANSS评分比较差异无统计学意义;右佐匹克隆组药物不良反应发生率(6.25%)低于对照组(23.75%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:应用右佐匹克隆替换,可改善长期服用的苯二氮■类药慢性精神分裂症患者的睡眠质量和日间功能;安全可行。     

Satisfaction with quality of life varies with temperament types of patients with schizophrenia

We sought to explore the relationships of three temperament factors with domain-specific subjective quality of life (QOL) of patients with schizophrenia. Ninety patients with schizophrenia were evaluated using the Quality of Life Enjoyment and Life Satisfaction Questionnaire, the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire, the Positive and Negative Syndromes Scale, the Distress Scale for Adverse Symptoms, the Insight and Treatment Attitudes Questionnaire, the Insight Self-Report Scale, and standardized questionnaires for self-reported emotional distress and stress process-related variables. Predictors of domain-specific QOL were identified using multiple regression techniques. Temperament factors explain 6% to 16% of variability in QOL domain scores among patients with schizophrenia after controlling for the remaining variables (emotional distress, social support, self-esteem, avoidance coping, age, side effects, and depression). We found that higher levels of novelty seeking are associated with better general QOL, physical health, and more positive subjective feelings, whereas higher levels of reward dependence are related to better satisfaction from social relationships. Higher levels of harm avoidance are associated with poorer satisfaction with general activities, and medication. Thus, temperament factors, as assessed by the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire, substantially influence satisfaction with life quality in schizophrenia. Novelty seeking, reward dependence, and harm avoidance are associated with different domains of QOL.     

Compliance with health regimens of adolescents with epilepsy

The purpose of this paper was to describe the compliance of adolescents with epilepsy and some factors connected to it. Altogether 300 individuals with epilepsy aged 13-17 years were randomly selected from the Finnish Social Insurance Institution's register. Every fifth person on the list was included in the sample. Seventy-seven per cent (n= 232) of the selected adolescents with epilepsy returned a questionnaire sent to them relating to compliance. The data were analysed using the SPSS software. Twenty-two per cent of the adolescents with epilepsy felt that they complied fully with their suggested health regimens, while 44% placed themselves in the category of "satisfactory compliance", and the remaining 34% reported poor compliance. Compliance with their recommended life-style was poorest, while the highest degree of compliance was recorded for medication. Background variables, such as the duration of the disease, exercise, smoking, alcohol-intake and the number of seizures, were statistically significantly related to compliance (P< 0.001). Good motivation, a strong sense of normality, experience of results, subjective outcome, energy and will-power, support from parents, physicians and nurses, and a positive attitude towards to the disease and its treatment, no threat to social and emotional well-being and no fears of complications and no fear of seizures explained good compliance (P< 0.001).     

Treatment of patients with tardive dystonia with olanzapine

Tardive dystonia represents a complication of long-term use of neuroleptics and its treatment is often unsatisfactory. Atypical neuroleptics appear to improve tardive dystonia, and cases of tardive dystonia successfully managed with clozapine have been reported. The aim of this open-label video-blinded study was to evaluate the antidystonic efficacy of olanzapine, a new atypical neuroleptic with a low risk of agranulocytosis, in a group of four patients (one man and three women) with tardive cervical dystonia. They developed severe dystonia after several years of neuroleptic treatment. Extensive laboratory evaluations, as well as neurophysiologic and neuroradiologic investigations, were negative. Olanzapine was started at a dose of 5 mg/d and increased up to 7.5 mg/d. All patients were evaluated at baseline and after 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks of treatment, using the Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale, and videotaped. At the end of the trial, the videotapes were reviewed and scored by a blind observer. A self-rating visual analog scale completed the disability evaluation.A moderate to marked improvement in dystonia was observed in all patients, and significant differences were observed in Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale scores and videotape ratings after 8 and 12 weeks of treatment compared with the basal values (p < 0.05). The average percentage of improvement in Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale score and visual analog scale was 26.4% and 42.6%, respectively. No serious side effects were reported at the maximum dosage reached (7.5 mg/d). This study warrants a larger controlled study to conclusively demonstrate the efficacy of olanzapine in tardive dystonia.     

血管内栓塞治疗未破裂脑动静脉畸形并发癫痫患者的预后分析

目的分析血管内栓塞治疗未破裂脑动静脉畸形(CAVM)并发癫痫患者的预后情况。方法选择2013年3月至2017年6月收治的符合诊断标准的CAVM并发癫痫发作患者49例为研究对象,分析血管内栓塞治疗后患者的临床症状、生活质量(QOLIE-31)改善情况。结果患者经血管内栓塞治疗后,QOLIE-31各项指标(除了药物影响)评分均明显提高,高于治疗前(P0.05);Spetzler-Martin分级与Engel分级的I~II级例数多于治疗前(P0.05),同时Spetzler-Martin分级I~II级生活质量评分(76.04±18.33)分明显高于III~V级的(65.65±16.76)分(P0.05);Engel分级I~II级的生活质量评分(75.25±17.78)分明显高于III~V级的(66.23±13.22)分(P0.05);血管内栓塞比例80%的生活质量总评分(78.37±18.87)分明显高于栓塞比例80%的(64.16±16.92)分(P0.05);术后患者的头疼症状中重度例数明显低于治疗前(P0.01);患者的NIHSS评分和MRS评分均明显低于治疗前,头疼症状的生活质量评分高于治疗前(均P0.05)。结论血管内栓塞能明显改善未破裂脑动静脉畸形并发癫痫患者的头疼症状、癫痫发作情况、神经功能缺损,提高血管内栓塞比例能够提高患者生活质量。