Salud planetaria: educación para una atención sanitaria sostenible

The “2030 Sustainable Development Goals” outline the need for education for sustainable development to sustain planetary health. Thus, higher education institutions that train health professionals should consider embedding competencies to promote planetary health. Competencies for achieving planetary health include displacement due to climate change, vulnerable populations such as children, the elderly or the poorest, water and food security, the burden of infectious diseases, catastrophes such as floods or extreme temperatures, air pollutants, or mental health effects. Therefore, education for sustainable development aims to provide students with the knowledge, skills and attitudes to be effective in addressing global health challenges, such as the interdependence of ecosystems and human health, including the effects of environmental change on health, as well as the impact of the health sector and its dependence on the environment. Some European universities have already started to make the training of health professionals more sustainable and are examples of the steps that need to be taken.     

Validación de la versión en español de un instrumento de evaluación de la comunicación centrada en el paciente en OSCE

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to validate the Spanish version of the Communication Assessment Tool (CAT) to be used in an Objective Structured Clinical Evaluation (OSCE) to assess communication skills.MethodsData were collected from standardized patients evaluating 125 recent medical school graduates during a 12-station OSCE. A total of 1,500 completed CAT instruments were analyzed. Exploratory and confirmatory factorial analysis were performed and tested the internal consistency of the tool.ResultsWe found a single factor solution in the Spanish version of the instrument, similar to that described by the original author. Cronbach's alpha was high, ranging from 0.93 to 0.97. The overall mean percentage of ‘excellent’ ratings for the recent graduates was 38.07%.ConclusionsThe Spanish version of CAT is a feasible tool to be used in OSCE by standardized patients to assess communication skills in a standardized manner.     

Innovación e investigación sobre el currículum de Enfermería Comunitaria: revisión de la literatura

A literature review has been carried out in the period of 1983-2014. The aim has been to know the curricular development of the Community Nursing subject in the university degree of Nursing in the Spanish context. The search was conducted in nine databases of Nursing, Education, Health Sciences and other Social Sciences, in addition to TESEO. The selection criteria for documents were: the type of document, the nationality and the date of publication. 43 documents were analyzed, 24 of which were innovation experiences and 19 curricular investigations. The most frequent topic in the publications was the practical-clinical training of the students in the field of Primary Care. The most studied curricular elements were the evaluation and the methodology. The students were the most studied population in a research with clear quantitative perspective, in which the survey stands out as the main data collection technique.The scientific-curricular development has been greatly reduced. Very few publications have been located and curricular research has been limited, diverse in thematic areas and curricular elements, and homogeneous in methodological approaches.     

Interacción multidisciplinaria programada: una estrategia de actualización en medicina de posgrado

Introduction

A multidisciplinary interaction strategy in postgraduate medicine is presented, which has as its aim the academic update and the carrying out of research activities related to paediatric lipidology.

Implantación de una actividad de formación médica continuada y evaluación de su calidad en los Servicios de Urgencias de Atención Primaria (SUAP) de Cantabria

Objective

An evaluation was performed on the introduction of a training activity for professionals of the Primary Care Emergency Services (SUAP) in order to equip them with the necessary tools for the on-site resolution of urgent processes, and with the resources available in each centre.

Evaluación de competencias en residentes de pediatría en el primer nivel de atención mediante la utilización del Mini-CEX

BackgroundA residency is a professional training system based on supervised clinical practice. The Mini Clinical Evaluation Exercise (Mini-CEX) is a method of assessment through direct observation that enables the design of strategies to improve professional performance.The purpose of this study is to analyze the results of implementing the Mini-CEX to assess pediatric residents during their rotation at the first level of care while exploring differences according to the training site to which they belong.MethodsWe conducted an analytical cross-sectional study that included 2nd-year pediatric residents on rotation at the first level of care in pediatric and general hospitals. Each resident underwent two Mini-CEX encounters for the assessment of 8 domains: history taking, communication skills with patients and with caregivers, physical examination, clinical judgment, clinical management, professionalism, and organization.ResultsThirty-four residents participated in the study. The total overall rating of residents from pediatric hospitals and general hospitals was 4.20 (4.07-4.34) and 4.14 (3.94-4.34), respectively. We found no statistically significant differences in the areas assessed according to the residents’ training site.ConclusionThe Mini-CEX as an assessment tool within the first level of care allowed the detection of strengths and weaknesses in residents’ training. Implementation was affected by limitations inherent to this setting. Standardization of assessors was a key element for criteria unification.     

Blended learning y predisposición al aprendizaje autodirigido en un programa de especialización dental

IntroductionOne of the challenges in higher education is to train professionals capable of maintaining lifelong learning. Because of it, the incorporation of ICT through strategies that involve online learning is essential. However, the success of its implementation depends on the ability of the student to self-manage their learning process. Therefore, the aim of this study was to relate levels of self-directed learning readiness of a specialization program students at the beginning of a scientific communication course with their satisfaction with the methodology implemented and it effectiveness on developing scientific communication competencies.Materials and methodsThree instruments were applied: Fisher, King & Tague's self-directed learning readiness scale B-learning strategy satisfaction questionnaire and Self-perceived scientific communication skills questionnaire. The relation between self-directed learning readiness and the results of the other questionnaires was evaluated.ResultsPositive correlations were observed between levels of willingness to learn and the dimensions of classroom activities (P<.01), interaction in face-to-face activities (P<.05) and teaching-learning activities (P<.05); between the levels of willingness to learn and the reading dimension of scientific articles (P<.01) and between the levels of self-confidence and the reading dimension of the scientific article (P<.05).ConclusionsSelf-direction in learning played an important role in the implementation of the educational strategy for these particular students.     

Acreditación y resultados de la educación médica en México

Objective

To determine whether the medical education programs recognised for their quality achieve better results in the National Medical Residency Examination.

Aceptación de actividades de fomento de la investigación en estudiantes de Grado en Medicina

AimTo present activities for the initiation of research in the medical degree.MethodResearch skills have been included as a compulsory subject with methodological contents (theoretical and practical) and seminars related to scientific discoveries, as well as in three optional subjects in which students perform a scientific project supervised by a tutor.ResultsThe grades of the tasks of the compulsory subject are high (3.7 ± 0.07 out of 4 points), and 43.8% of the enrolled students completed the three optional subjects. Satisfaction with the activities was high (3.46 and 3.9 out of 5 points), which suggests that they contribute to acquiring scientific skills in medical education, and that the work of the tutors is important (4.4 out of 5 points).ConclusionExposure to research tasks in the medical degree is well accepted by the students.     

La acreditación internacional en educación médica a través de la WFME

IntroductionThis paper begins in the context of quality in medical training to conclude with the analysis of the benefits provided by international accreditations in this field.MethodsFor the development of this work the documentary research technique on the quality in medical training is used, which included the collection of information from documents published in journals and presented on web pages, through the search in different bases of international bibliographic data.ResultsThe procedure and evaluation criteria of one of the most relevant international accreditations in this area, the accreditation established by the World Federation for Medical Education (WFME), and its importance in the World University System.ConclusionsThere are many benefits that these accreditations bring to the university centers that get it, such as allowing all its graduates to apply for the Educational Commission for Foreign Medical Graduates (ECFMG) certification from the year 2024.     

Ramón Alfaro and the Mexican anesthesia

Recent historical inquiries have shed light on a series of articles published between 1840 and 1868 by Ramón Alfaro M.D. His publications reflect the work of a persevering medical researcher who carried out studies of health conditions endemic at the time. One of his first publications is devoted to chloroform. In it, Dr. Alfaro made a careful assessment on the use of anesthesia, published the first statistical study of the impact of inhalational anesthesia in a number of surgical procedures, and was able to establish the foundations for more rational and safe anesthetic procedures.     

La Tabla Periódica de la Equidad en Salud: experiencia de innovación educativa para la construcción colectiva de conocimiento

IntroductionHealth equity is a value linked to the concept of human rights and social justice, which seeks to enable people to develop their highest health potential regardless their social position. In order to articulate specific strategies aimed at health equity for health professionals, it is necessary reform teaching methodology and explore innovations that promote learning, exposing these professionals to community and global health challenges, while promoting understanding and awareness of equity, inequalities and social determinants of health. The overall objective of this paper is to disseminate an experience of educational innovation, which through the construction of collective knowledge, has resulted in a semantic framework around the concept of equity in health.MethodsThe participatory action research methodology was used, mediated by the use of ICTs, framed in the Horizon 2030 recommendations for responsible research and innovation. The data collection instrument was based on the didactic use of metaphor and consisted of a shared document called Periodic Table of Equity in Health.ResultsA sample of 15 students compiled a total of 117 terms related to health equity, grouped under human rights, cultural competence, intercultural mediation and others.ConclusionsIn a health education where the technological rational paradigm continues to prevail, proactive and creative educational innovations are necessary, which should not be articulated unrelated or indifferent to social and civic facets of the practices, especially if they are committed to improvements and transformations that affect people and society.     

Relación entre la autopercepción y autoeficacia para el desarrollo de competencias en soporte vital en entornos de simulación clínica de alta fidelidad

Objective

To determine if there is a correlation between self-perception and self- efficacy in the development of learning abilities associated with the care of the critically ill patient in a Clinical Environment of High Fidelity Simulation, as part of the training for nursing students in the field of Life Support.

Disección animal y digitalización,alternativa para la enseñanza de anatomía cuando la disección de cadáveres no es posible

IntroductionCadaveric dissections are common training strategies to teach anatomy, which require an infrastructure that is not always available in all educational centers. Information and communication technologies (ICT) offer alternatives though they do limit student‘s real manipulation. The present study analyzes a training strategy, based on the dissection of animal viscerae and the digitalization of images in the subject of human anatomy.Material and methodsA quasi-experimental design, where the impact of the strategy is verified in a sample of 211 first-year nursing students, selected through an intentional non-probabilistic sampling.ResultsAcademic results were superior after the workshop compared to just the masterclass (4.31 vs. 5.70; P<0.0001). Satisfaction was higher in all aspects evaluated (organization, perception of knowledge acquired, type of activity and university teaching staff).ConclusionThe use of ICT coupled with the dissection of anatomical parts of animal origin is a strategy with a positive academic impact and has proven to be largely successful, and can therefore be considered as an alternative to cadaveric dissections.     

Estrategia colaborativa para la integración de competencias en la formación de grado en enfermería

Objective

Analyse academic results and explore satisfaction of students and professors from the experience of integration of two subjects in second year of Degree in Nursing.