血脂联合血清尿酸检测对冠心病的应用价值

目的研究血脂联合血清尿酸检测对冠心病的应用价值。方法选择2013年2月至2015年12月我院冠心病患者112例为冠心病组,同期在我院进行体检的健康者100例为对照组。分析比较两组患者的总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、血清三酰甘油和尿酸。结果与对照组相比,冠心病组患者的总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、血清三酰甘油、尿酸的含量明显较高,差异比较具有统计学意义(P<0.05),而高密度脂蛋白胆固醇则明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论高总胆固醇、高低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、高血清三酰甘油、高尿酸与冠心病的发病具有明显的相关性,在冠心病的早期诊断中,血脂联合血清尿酸检测具有重要的临床应用价值。     

冠心病患者白蛋白尿和血清尿酸水平的关系探讨

目的探讨冠心病患者白蛋白尿和血清尿酸水平的关系。方法选取冠心病患者98例,以患者人院后次日24h尿液内白蛋白含量为依据将其分为阳性组（白蛋白含量≥30mg／24h）和阴性组（白蛋白含量〈30mg／24h）各49例。对比观察2组血清尿酸水平、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平。结果白蛋白阳性组患者血清尿酸、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平均高于阴性组,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平低于阴性组,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。且血清尿酸水平是冠心病患者发生白蛋白尿的独立危险因素。结论白蛋白尿阳性冠心病患者的血清尿酸水平明显高于自蛋白尿阴性冠心病患者,血清尿酸水平是导致冠心病患者发生白蛋白尿的独立危险因素。一     

糖尿病肾病患者血尿酸、血肌酐、血脂水平分析及对患者预后的观察

目的：分析糖尿病肾病患者血尿酸、血肌酐、血脂水平及其对患者预后的影响和临床应用价值。方法2011年2月至2013年8月共抽取95例糖尿病肾病患者作为观察组,另外选取95名健康体检者作为对照组。2组所有研究对象均进行血液检测后,比较2组血尿酸、血肌酐、血脂水平及其对患者预后的影响进行分析。结果观察组血清血尿酸、血肌酐、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白含量均显著高于对照组,高密度脂蛋白含量低于对照组（P 均＜0.05）。病例组进行治疗前后各项血液指标比较,治疗后血清中血尿酸、血肌酐、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋含量,均显著低于治疗前水平;相反高密度脂蛋白含量显著高于治疗前水平（ P ＜0.05）。Spearman 相关性分析发现,糖尿病肾病与血清中血尿酸、血肌酐、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白水平呈正相关（ r ＝0.46,0.43,0.45,0.52,0.48,P ＜0.05）,与高密度脂蛋白含量水平呈负相关（ r ＝-0.44,P ＝0.030）。结论检测糖尿病肾病患者血清血尿酸、血肌酐、血脂水平对患者预后有临床应用价值。     

脑梗死患者血清尿酸及胱抑素C水平与颅内动脉狭窄关系的临床分析

目的 分析脑梗死患者血清尿酸及胱抑素C(Cystatin C,CysC)水平与颅内动脉狭窄的关系.方法 收集107例住院脑梗死患者的临床资料,均完成头颅CTA及常规生化检查,根据颅内大血管近端狭窄程度分为无狭窄组、轻度狭窄组和中重度狭窄组,分别比较三组间性别、年龄、吸烟、饮酒、高血压、糖尿病、三酰甘油、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白、尿酸、CysC水平和高尿酸、高CysC的发生率.结果 三组分别在年龄、性别、吸烟、饮酒、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白、总胆固醇方面比较,均差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),轻度狭窄及中重度狭窄组的血清尿酸、CysC水平和高血压、糖尿病、高尿酸、高CysC发生率均显著高于无狭窄组(P＜0.05),且中重度狭窄组血清尿酸、CysC水平显著高于轻度狭窄组(P＜0.05),Logistic回归分析显示高尿酸、高CysC均是颅内动脉狭窄的独立危险因素(OR=3.200,P=0.035,95％CI:1.088 ～9.414;OR=3.446,P=0.030,95％ CI:1.250～9.498).结论 高尿酸、高CysC是脑梗死患者颅内动脉狭窄的独立危险因素,其狭窄程度可能与血清尿酸、CysC水平相关,两者之间可能存在协同作用.     

阿托伐他汀联合胞磷胆碱对脑小血管病合并轻度认知功能障碍患者血脂水平的影响

目的探讨阿托伐他汀联合胞磷胆碱对脑小血管病(CSVD)合并轻度认知功能障碍(MCI)患者低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平的影响。方法选取医院2016年5月至2018年5月收治的CSVD合并MCI患者142例,按随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,各71例。两组患者均给予胞磷胆碱钠胶囊,观察组患者加用阿托伐他汀钙片。两组均连续治疗6个月。结果观察组患者临床总有效率为91.55%,明显高于对照组的70.42%(P <0.05);治疗后,两组患者蒙特利尔评估量表(MoCA)各维度评分和总分、生活质量量表(SF-36)各领域评分均明显升高(P <0.05);观察组治疗后三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、LDL-C均明显下降,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平明显升高(P <0.05),且观察组上述指标改善均明显优于对照组(P <0.05);对照组与观察组不良反应发生率相当(5.63%比2.82%,P> 0.05)。结论阿托伐他汀联合胞磷胆碱治疗CSVD合并MCI疗效确切,可改善患者的血脂水平和认知功能,显著提高生活质量,且安全性较高。     

急性脑梗死患者血清胱抑素C的临床检验评价

目的探究急性脑梗死患者血清胱抑素C的临床检验价值。方法本次于2016年9月20日至2017年10月25日收治的研究对象为33例急性脑梗死患者——观察组,同期选取研究对象为33例健康体检人员——对照组;且对66例受检人员的血清胱抑素C及血脂水平(总胆固醇、三酰甘油、高密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白)进行观察及评估。结果观察组受检人员的血清胱抑素C及血脂水平与对照组受检人员数据相比存在一定差异,即观察组血清胱抑素C(1.48±0.56)mg/L、总胆固醇(4.89±1.05)mmol/L、三酰甘油(1.89±0.87)mmol/L、低密度脂蛋白(2.89±0.65)mmol/L高于对照组血清胱抑素C(1.03±0.21)mg/L、总胆固醇(4.12±0.52)mmol/L、三酰甘油(1.05±0.32)mmol/L、低密度脂蛋白(2.36±0.125)mmol/L,而高密度脂蛋白水平(1.32±0.12)mmol/L低于对照组高密度脂蛋白水平(1.68±0.36)mmol/L,P值<0.05。结论检测血清胱抑素C水平有利于判断急性脑梗死患者的病情,且实施相应治疗措施,临床上值得推广。     

脑出血患者血清同型半胱氨酸与血脂的相关性观察

目的观察脑出血患者血清同型半胱氨酸与血脂的相关性。方法选取我院在2012年6月至2014年6月收治的80例脑出血患者为研究对象,做为观察组,同期收取的健康体检患者70例为对照组。检测患者空腹血清同型半胱氨酸(HCY)、三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)以及高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)的浓度。最后进行统计观察。结果观察组患者的同型半胱氨酸(HCY)明显高于对照组,差异对比较显著;观察组的三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)以及高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)的浓度与对照组的比较无差异性(P>0.05)。结论三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)以及高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)的浓度与脑出血的发生关系不明显;而脑出血患者的发生情况与同型半胱氨酸(HCY)具有相关性,若同型半胱氨酸(HCY)含量增加,患者出现脑出血的概率就会增大,但同型半胱氨酸(HCY)水平的高低不是出现脑出血的最直接原因,则是发生脑出血的危险因素,因此控制患者血清中的同型半胱氨酸(HCY)水平,对脑出血的预防和诊治具有较高的意义。     

高尿酸高血脂与老年高血压的相关浅析

目的探讨高血压与血尿酸和血脂之间的关系。方法应用全自动生化分析仪检测788例高血压患者和754例健康体检者血尿酸、三酰甘油、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平。结果高血压组的血尿酸、三酰甘油、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平均明显高于正常对照组（P〈0.01）,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇则低于正常对照组（P〈0.01）。结论血尿酸、血脂水平是高血压病的危险因素,可做为临床诊治的参考指标。     

高密度脂蛋白与三酰甘油的相关性分析

目的探讨脂肪肝患者高密度脂蛋白与三酰甘油的相关性。方法选择脂肪肝患者60例为观察组,正常对照组60例为对照组,分别进行血清三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)的检查与统计分析。结果观察组TG、TC明显高于对照组,有显著性差异(P<0.05),但是两组间LDL-C、HDL-C差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论高密度脂蛋白与三酰甘油在脂肪肝患者中呈负向相关性。高密度脂蛋白与三酰甘油不仅有利于脂肪肝的诊断,而且提示控制血脂水平、减少和预防脂肪肝的发生具有重要的意义。     

血清尿酸水平与急性脑卒中关系的研究

目的探讨急性脑卒中患者尿酸水平变化及与脑卒中危险因素的关系。方法选择住院治疗的急性脑卒中患者183例(脑卒中组),测定其急性期血清尿酸、血糖、血脂、同型半胱氨酸及血压等水平,与同期健康体检者73例(对照组)进行比较,比较尿酸与脑卒中危险因素的关系。结果脑卒中组与对照组比较,脑卒中组体重指数(BMI)、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白、血糖、收缩压、舒张压、血糖、血清尿酸浓度明显高于对照组(P<0.05),脑卒中组高密度脂蛋白低于对照组(P<0.05);尿酸与BMI、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白、血糖呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与性别呈显著负相关(P<0.05);以尿酸为应变量,其他指标为自变量进行多元逐步回归分析显示,尿酸与BMI、收缩压、低密度脂蛋白、血糖呈正相关,与性别、呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论急性脑卒中患者尿酸水平高于对照组,尿酸与急性脑卒中危险因素关系密切,有可能在急性脑卒中发生发展过程中起到一定作用。     

Pharmacological treatment of COVID-19: an opinion paper

The precocity and efficacy of the vaccines developed so far against COVID-19 has been the most significant and saving advance against the pandemic. The development of vaccines has not prevented, during the whole period of the pandemic, the constant search for therapeutic medicines, both among existing drugs with different indications and in the development of new drugs. The Scientific Committee of the COVID-19 of the Illustrious College of Physicians of Madrid wanted to offer an early, simplified and critical approach to these new drugs, to new developments in immunotherapy and to what has been learned from the immune response modulators already known and which have proven effective against the virus, in order to help understand the current situation.     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.