灵长目前房相关免疫偏离的诱导和维持不需要脾脏的完整性

目的 观察脾脏在灵长目前房相关免疫偏离（ＡＣＡＩＤ）诱导和维持中的作用。方法 按照经典方法在猴眼建立ＡＣＡＩＤ模型。在前房抗原接种的切除脾脉。通过对原特异性迟发型超敏反应（ＤＴＨ）的抑制来珠诱导和维持。结果 在单纯脾脏切除组动物均显示阳怀ＤＴＨ反应;但在单纯前房怕接种组、脾脏切除加前房怕接种组均显示阴性ＤＴＨ反应,且维持时间无显著差异。结论 灵长目ＡＣＡＩＤ的诱导和维持不需要功能性脾脏的存在。实验     

Fas／FasL与ACAID

前房相关免疫偏离（ａｎｔｅｒｉｏｒｃｈａｍｂｅｒａｓｓｏｃｉａｔｅｄｉｍｍｕｎｅｄｅｖｉａｔｉｏｎ,ＡＣＡＩＤ）是指将抗原置入前房后诱导出的一种免疫现象,即血清中出现特异性抗体,并诱发出细胞毒性Ｔ细胞前体细胞,但机体不发生迟发型超敏反应〔１〕。这种现...     

前房相关性免疫偏诱导及预防角膜移植排斥反应实验研究

目的 研究前房相关性免疫偏离（ＡＣＡＩＤ）诱导及预防角膜移植排斥反应的作用。方法 采用甘氨酸法制备可溶性角膜分类抗原,分组行兔前房注射诱导ＡＣＡＩＤ,并观察各组部分耳试验和穿透角膜移植术（ＰＫＰ）术后排斥反应。结果 角膜上皮、内皮、基质及全角膜可溶性抗原皆可诱导ＡＣＡＩＤ,诱导质量浓度为２．０ｍｇ／ｍｌ。成功率分别为９０％,１００％,８０％和１００％。同期解膜移植免疫排斥率降低,植片存活时间延长。     

前房相关性免疫偏离诱导及预防角膜移植排斥反应实验研究

目的研究前房相关性免疫偏离（ＡＣＡＩＤ）诱导及预防角膜移植排斥反应的作用。方法采用甘氨酸法制备可溶性角膜分类抗原,分组行兔前房注射诱导ＡＣＡＩＤ,并观察各组部分耳膨胀试验和穿透角膜移植术（ＰＫＰ）术后排斥反应。结果角膜上皮、内皮、基质及全角膜可溶性抗原皆可诱导 ＡＣＡＩＤ,诱导质量浓度为 ２． ０ｍｇ／ｍｌ。成功率分别为９０％,１００％,８０％和１００％。同期角膜移植免疫排斥率降低,植片存活时间延长。高危观察组仍可诱导出ＡＣＡＩＤ,并可推迟排斥反应的发生。结论角膜可溶性抗原可以诱导产生ＡＣＡＩＤ,无严重并发症,对兔角膜移植排斥反应具有一定的预防和治疗作用。     

眼免疫赦免的两面性及其临床意义

眼的免疫赦免卢因于眼自身对全身免疫反应诱导和表达的修饰。将抗原接种于眼前房可以诱导一种偏离形式的全身性免疫反应,称为前房相关免疫偏离。ＡＣＡＩＤ的主要特征是：（１）怕特异性迟发型超敏反应和补体结合性抗体反应的缺陷;（２）产生独特的调节性Ｔ细胞亚群。     

在正常妊娠期间兔眼前房相关免疫偏离的变化

目的 许多研究发现妊娠对眼具有影响。该研究旨在观察正常妊娠期间前房接种可溶性蛋白抗原能否诱导免疫反应的主动下调。方法 标准交配１５天后通过胚胎种植部位确立新西兰兔的中期妊娠。将牛血清白蛋白（ＢＳＡ）分别接种于雄性,非妊娠雌性和中期妊娠雌性兔眼前房,接受附加佐剂的ＢＳＡ免疫方案后,评价诱导前房相关免疫偏离（ＡＣＡＩＤ）的能力。结果 在雄性和非妊娠雌性兔眼前房接种ＢＳＡ诱导了ＢＳＡ特异性的迟发型超敏反     

碱烧伤对眼前房免疫赦免状态的削弱和破坏

目的观察碱烧伤后眼免疫赦免状态的改变。方法使用０．５ｍｏｌ／ＬＮａＯＨ在兔眼建立碱烧伤模型。通过胸腺细胞刺激反应检测碱烧伤后不同时间房水的免疫抑制水平。另外，观察了碱烧伤对前房相关免疫偏离（ＡＣＡＩＤ）的支持能力。结果碱烧伤后眼房水的正常免疫抑制效应显著下降，即使在碱烧伤后２个月。烧伤眼接种抗原后ＡＣＡＩＤ诱导失败。结论碱烧伤后角膜移植免疫排斥反应的高发率除与植床的高度血管化和炎症背景外，眼前房免疫赦免机制的破坏或削弱也可能起着重要的作用     

前房相关性免疫偏离

视网膜移植是当前研究热点之一，免疫排斥反应是一大主要障碍，前房相关性免疫偏离（ＡＣＡＩＤ）在防止视网膜移植免疫排斥反应中发生重要作用。本文对ＡＣＡＩＤ的发生机制、调节因素以及与眼组织移植的关系进行综述。     

通过前房相关免疫偏离阻止实验性自身免疫前葡萄膜炎

目的 实验性自身免疫性前葡萄膜炎（ＥＡＡＵ）是研究人前葡萄膜炎的有用模型。本研究旨在观察前房相关免疫偏离（ＡＣＡＩＤ）能否阻止ＥＡＡＵ发生。方法 将溶于磷酸盐缓冲液（ＰＢＳ）的牛黑色素蛋白（ＢＭＰ）注射于大鼠右眼前房;对照组动物仅注射ＰＢＳ。７d后使用且加完全福氏佐剂（ＣＦＡ）的ＢＭＰ和百日咳毒素免疫所有动物。通过临床 观察和组织病理学检测葡萄膜炎的严重程度和发病率。通过由注射ＢＭＰ刺激的足垫水肿反     

前房相关性免疫偏离

视网膜移植是当前研究热点之一，免疫排斥反应是一大主要障碍前房相关性免疫偏离在防止视网膜移植免疫排斥反应中发生重要作用。本文对ＡＣＡＩＤ的发生机制、调节因素以及与眼组织移植的关系进行综述。     

不同部位眼相关免疫偏离的诱导和维持

目的 观察不同种系动物眼内腔针对可溶性抗原刺激是否具有支持诱导免疫偏离的能力及其维持时间。 方法 使用牛血清白蛋白(bovine serum albumin,BSA)作为可溶性抗原,将其分别接种于不同动物(大鼠、兔和猴)的前房、玻璃体腔和视网膜下腔。皮下注射BSA和完全弗氏佐剂免疫动物。皮内注射抗原观察眼内腔接种BSA动物的迟发型超敏反应(delayed-type hypersensitivity,DTH)。定时评估免疫偏离的维持时间。 结果 所有眼内腔接种抗原的动物均显示DTH阴性反应。不同部位抗原接种后免疫偏离的平均维持时间分别为：前房组：大鼠70天,兔90天,猴320天;玻璃体腔组：大鼠100天,兔１50天,猴360天;视网膜下腔组：大鼠50天,兔70天,猴300天。 结论 不同种系动物和不同眼内腔免疫偏离的维持时间不同。生物进化与免疫系统的进化具有同步性。 (中华眼底病杂志, 1999, 15: 170-173)     

Anterior chamber-associated immune deviation induced by soluble antigens

Immune responses to cellular antigens placed in the anterior chamber of the eye are deviant: antibodies and cytotoxic T cells are generated, but delayed hypersensitivity is impaired. To determine whether a similar pattern of unusual reactivity would be induced by soluble antigens placed in this privileged site, we have examined the systemic immune responses of mice to anterior chamber injections of bovine serum albumin and bovine retinal S antigen--both soluble molecules. Recipients of intraocular injections of these antigens without adjuvant developed no detectable systemic immune response. When BSA was mixed with complete or incomplete Freund's adjuvant and injected into the anterior chamber, recipients produced serum specific antibodies; however, they displayed impaired delayed hypersensitivity. Anterior chamber recipients of soluble antigens subsequently proved refractory to the development of delayed hypersensitivity when immunogenic doses of the same antigens were placed subcutaneously. Moreover, the inability to mount delayed hypersensitivity could be adoptively transferred with spleen cells from animals that had previously received intraocular injections of bovine albumin or S antigen. It is concluded that soluble antigens, as well as surface membrane-bound antigens, are capable of inducing anterior chamber-associated immune deviation (ACAID). The possibility is discussed that the capacity of soluble retinal S antigen to induce ACAID may be pertinent to the maintenance of self-tolerance to this autologous, intraocular molecule.     

视网膜下腔相关的免疫偏离

目的 确立视网膜下腔是不足具有支持针对视网可沉吟性抗原（Ｓ抗原）刺激诱导偏离式免疫反应的能力。方法 将视网膜Ｓ抗接种于Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠的眼前房和视网腊膜下腔。抗原接种后７天,使用Ｓ抗原和安全福氏佐剂免疫受主动物。然后,通过足部刺激评估迟发型超原接种后７天,使用Ｓ抗原和完全福氏佐剂免疫受主动物。然后,通过足部刺激评估这发型超敏反应（ＤＴＨ）。结果 前房和视网膜睛腔注射Ｓ抗原的运行动物发生抗原特异性Ｄ     

Vitreous Cavity—Associated Immune Deviation Induced by Retinal S Antigen

Purpose:To determine whether the vitreous cavity(VC) supports the induction of deviant immune responses to retinal soluble(S) antigen and to observe the influence of interleukin-1(IL-1)on the immunologic properties of the VC. Methods:Retinal S antigen was inoculated into the anterior chamber(AC)and the VC in Wistar rats.Seven days after antigen inoculation,the recipient animals were immunized with S antigen and complete Freund‘s adjuvant.Delayed-type hypersen-sitivity(DTH)was assessed by footpad challenge.To alter systemic immune conditions,IL-1 was administrated by intraperitoneal injection.Results:Antigen-specific DTH did not develop in rats in which S antigen was injected into the AC and the VC.By contrast,when IL-1 administrated systemically,S antigen was injected into the AC and VC elicited strong DTH.Conclusion:The VC supports immune deviation for soluble antigen by acitivity suppressing antigen-Specific DTH .Systemic administration of exogenous IL-1 eliminates the capacity of the VC to support immune deviation to soluble antigen locally injected.     

Loss of Anterior Chamber—Associated Immune Deviation druing Normal Pregnancy in Primates

Purpose: We recently found that loss of anterior chamber-associated immune deviation was associated with normal pregnancy in rabbits. The purpose of this study is to further investigate whether the same events occurred in nonhuman primates. Methods: Mid-pregnant cynomolgus monkeys were randomly selected. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was inoculated in anterior chamber of eyes of nonpregnant and mid-pregnant monkeys that were subsequently immunized with BSA in adjuvant. Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) was assessed by skin challenge.Results: Non-pregnant monkeys of intracameral BSA proved able to acquire antigen-specific suppression of delayed-type hypersensitivity. By contrast, inoculation of BSA to anterior chamber of pregnant monkeys abolished the DTH-suppression effect. Conclusions: This is the first demonstration in primates that loss of anterior chamber-associated immune deviation occurred during normal pregnancy. The fluctuations of systemic hormone levels during normal pregnancy might influence l     

Splenic B cells act as antigen presenting cells for the induction of anterior chamber-associated immune deviation

PURPOSE: To characterize the role of B cells in the induction of anterior chamber-associated immune deviation (ACAID). METHODS: An in vitro model of the ACAID spleen was used to recapitulate the events that occur when antigen is introduced into the anterior chamber of the eye and culminates in the appearance of antigen-specific, CD8(+) suppressor cells. RESULTS: In vitro-generated suppressor cells mimicked those produced by anterior chamber injection of antigen, as shown by their antigen specificity, surface expression of CD8, and capacity to suppress DTH, which is mediated by previously immunized T cells. B cells were found to be necessary for suppressor cell development. The B cell receptor (BCR) was necessary for the induction of ACAID and conveyed antigen specificity to the suppressor T cells. Lysosomal acidification of internalized antigen was necessary for B cells to induce ACAID; however, transporter of antigen processing (TAP) was not required for the generation of ACAID. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that B cells use the BCR to capture and internalize antigen from ACAID-inducing macrophages. Lysosomal acidification of the captured antigen is essential for the processing of the ACAID antigen before TAP-independent presentation to suppressor cells.     

Prevention of experimental autoimmune anterior uveitis by anterior chamber-associated immune deviation

目的实验性自身免疫性前葡萄膜炎（ＥＡＡＵ）是研究人前葡萄膜炎的有用模型。本研究旨在观察前房相关免疫偏离（ＡＣＡＩＤ）能否阻止ＥＡＡＵ发生。方法将溶于磷酸盐缓冲液（ＰＢＳ）的牛黑色素蛋白（ＢＭＰ）注射于大鼠右眼前房;对照组动物仅注射ＰＢＳ。７ｄ后,使用添加完全福氏佐剂（ＣＦＡ）的ＢＭＰ和百日咳毒素免疫所有动物。通过临床观察和组织病理学检测葡萄膜炎的严重程度和发病率。通过由注射ＢＭＰ刺激的足垫水肿反应评估迟发型超敏反应（ＤＴＨ）。结果与对照组相比,预先眼内注射ＢＭＰ的大鼠,其ＥＡＡＵ的严重程度和发病率减低,且ＤＴＨ反应受到显著抑制。结论这些资料提示ＡＣＡＩＤ可以用来阻止ＥＡＡＵ的发生。     

外伤性眼内炎对眼免疫赦免状态的影响

目的研究外伤后眼内炎症对眼免疫赦免状态的影响。方法在Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠和新西兰白兔建立外伤性眼内炎模型。将牛血清白蛋白分别接种于受伤眼和正常眼玻璃体腔。接受附加佐剂的牛血清白蛋白免疫方案１周后,评价其诱导玻璃体腔相关免疫偏离的能力,并观察受伤眼组织病理学改变。结果眼外伤后５～７天发生中度到重度炎症反应。常规免疫组动物均出现抗原特异性迟发型超敏反应（ＤＴＨ）阳性;单纯玻璃体腔抗原接种组动物均显示ＤＴＨ阴性;受伤眼玻璃体腔抗原接种组和受伤眼玻璃体抗原接种后对侧正常眼玻璃体抗原接种组均显示ＤＴＨ阳性。结论外伤性眼内炎导致受伤眼和正常眼免疫偏离诱导的失败。眼相关免疫偏离的消失可能参与了交感性眼炎的发病过程。