腺病毒介导p53基因对人胃癌细胞热增敏的作用

目的 评价腺病毒介导p53基因对人胃癌细胞热增敏的作用。方法 以重组腺病毒介导p53基因悬液（Adp53）感染4种不同p53状况的人胃癌细胞，用免疫组化法和Western blot法检测p53蛋白在胃癌细胞中的表达；用经胞存活分数来反映经胞增殖状况；用TUNEL法来检测细胞凋亡，感染Adp53的W和M胃癌细胞经42℃2h或43℃0.5h加温后24h，用流式细胞计检测细胞周期分布和凋亡；胃癌细胞的种植肿瘤内注射Adp53悬液后48h，行43℃0.5h加温，以肿瘤相对体积增长曲线观察肿瘤抑制情况。结果 高效靶比（100MOI）Adp53产生细胞高转染率和p53基因在4种胃癌细胞中均高表达，并产生G2/M期阻滞和凋亡及细胞增殖抑制，Adp53基因的作用不依赖胃癌细胞内在的p53状态。如果以凋亡作为热效应，Adp53对2种加温方式的热增敏比，对W细胞为1.6-3.3，而对M细胞为1.8-2.1,Adp53对W细胞肿瘤43℃0.5h加温的热增敏比为1.7，而对M细胞肿瘤为1.6。结论 腺病毒介导p53基因提高了人胃癌细胞的热敏感性，这种作用不依赖于细胞内在p53状况，本实验为p53基因治疗与热疗结合提供了可靠的实验依据。     

p53基因对HL-60细胞端粒酶活性和人端粒酶逆转录酶基因表达的影响

为了研究野生型p53基因转染的HL-60细胞端粒酶活性和人端粒酶逆转录酶（hTERT)基因表达的变化，采用脂质体法将野生型p53基因转染HL-60细胞，用TUNEL检测细胞凋亡。用端粒重复扩增法（TRAP）-酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测端粒酶活性变化，以及用RT-PCR方法检测hTERTmRNA表达的变化。结果显示：转染野生型p53基因的HL-60细胞在32.5℃培养24小时和72小时后，凋亡率分别为8.3%和21.0%,hTERTmRNA和端粒酶活性分别下降至对照组的68.4%和55.8%及27.3%和8.9%。结论：p53基因能下调HL-60细胞hTERTmRNA和端粒酶活性。这可能是野生型p53基因诱导细胞凋亡机制之一。     

脉冲电场联合野生型p53基因诱导人宫颈癌Hela细胞凋亡

背景:在前期研究基础上,设想将基因电转染作为脉冲电场治疗恶性肿瘤的辅助方法。目的:探讨脉冲电场联合抑癌基因野生型p53基因诱导人宫颈癌hela细胞发生凋亡及相互作用。方法:采用空质粒及含有野生型p53的质粒转染Hela细胞得到Hela-vector、Hela-p53细胞,将Hela细胞、Hela-vector和Hela-p53细胞分别施加固定脉宽100μs、频率1Hz、脉冲数8个、电场强度为1500V/cm的脉冲电场处理。结果与结论:相同参数脉冲电场作用于各组细胞12h后,MTT结果显示Hela-p53组细胞吸光度明显低于Hela组(P<0.05);流式细胞仪及RT-PCR检测结果显示Hela-p53组的早期凋亡率和p53mRNA表达较Hela组明显增加;Westernbolt及激光共聚焦显微镜结果显示与Hela组比较,Hela-p53组细胞Bax蛋白表达明显上升,而Bcl-2蛋白则明显下降,Casepase-3相对荧光强度明显增强。表明野生型p53基因对宫颈癌Hela细胞生长有明显的抑制作用,野生型p53基因可以提高脉冲电场诱导宫颈癌Hela细胞凋亡的作用。     

重组人p53腺病毒提高胃癌细胞对顺铂敏感性的实验研究

目的：研究重组人p53腺病毒增加胃癌细胞对顺铂敏感性的作用。方法：重组人p53腺病毒感染胃癌细胞BGC-823，Western blot法检测p53蛋白在胃癌细胞中高表达；MTT法测定重组人p53腺病毒单独及联合顺铂用药的不同浓度处理细胞的生长抑制率，流式细胞仪检测细胞周期分布和凋亡率。结果：重组人p53腺病毒感染BGC-823 48h，p53蛋白在BGC-823中高表达，并产生G2／M期阻滞和细胞凋亡。重组人p53腺病毒联合顺铂用药增加顺铂的敏感性，有剂量时间的依赖性。结论：腺病毒介导p53基因感染BGC-823细胞诱导凋亡并增加胃癌细胞对顺铂的敏感性，为p53基因治疗与胃癌化疗临床结合提供了可靠的实验依据。     

转导野生型p53的K562细胞出现生长抑制和凋亡

把重组有编码野生型p53的逆转录病毒载体转导到p53蛋白缺失的K562细胞,以观察野生型p53蛋白在K562细胞表达后对K562细胞增殖和凋亡的影响。应用RT-PCR和Western印迹杂交方法检测K562细胞p53表达,应用流式细胞仪计数检测细胞的增殖,采用梯形DNA和细胞形态学方法检测细胞凋亡变化。研究结果表明:感染pLXSN-p53病毒24小时后,K562细胞p53表达阳性,K562-p53细胞的生长受到抑制,少数细胞进入凋亡状态。结论提示,野生型p53可促进p53表达阴性的K562细胞生长抑制与凋亡。     

野生型p16和p53抑癌基因共转染对 K562细胞增殖的抑制作用

抑癌基因p16和p53在抑制肿瘤的发生中起重要作用，在髓细胞白血病细胞系K562中检测出这两种基因有纯合缺失。为探讨野生型p16和p53基因的转染与表达对K562细胞的生长影响，采用了脂质体介导外源野生型p16和p53共转染K562细胞，用免疫细胞化学染色检测p16和P53基因的表达，检测细胞生长曲线，采用流式细胞术进行细胞周期分析。结果显示，共转染后p53和p16在K562细胞中表达阳性率分别为23％和28％；细胞生长受到一定程度的抑制，G1期细胞的比例增加，S期细胞减少，与单独转染p53或p16基因的抑制作用有明显差别(P＜0.05)。结论：外源野生型p16和p53基因的共转染比转染单基因对K562细胞生长有更明显的抑制作用，有可能成为白血病基因治疗的一种方法。     

野生型p53基因可以增强胶质瘤细胞对替莫唑胺的敏感性研究

目的评价野生型p53基因过表达的胶质瘤细胞对替莫唑胺和X射线敏感性的研究。方法利用脂质体转染试剂将pcDNA3.1(+)p53质粒转染入胶质瘤细胞中,检测转染效率后,给予替莫唑胺和X射线处理,并检测凋亡。结果野生型p53蛋白可以明显增加胶质瘤细胞对射线及替莫唑胺的凋亡率,且相对于X射线而言,p53蛋白更能促进替莫唑胺对胶质瘤细胞的凋亡作用(P<0.01)。结论替莫唑胺可能通过p53介导的凋亡通路调控了胶质瘤细胞的凋亡。     

突变型与野生型c—myc在非p53依赖性通路中对Bim基因表达的影响

目的探讨突变型与野生型c-myc基因在非p53依赖性通路中对Bim基因表达调控及细胞凋亡的诱导功能。方法分别用携带突变型与野生型c-myc基因慢病毒载体感染p53缺失型乳癌HCCl937细胞，并得到二者过表达的稳定细胞株，以未感染组及感染不携带cmyc基因的慢病毒细胞做空白对照和感染对照，RT-PCR检测突变型与野生型c-myc及Bim基因mRNA表达，MTT、TUNEL检测突变型与野生型c-myc基因过表达乳癌HCCl937细胞增殖与凋亡情况。结果RT-PCR结果显示，突变型组与野生型组cmyc基因mRNA过表达，野生型组Bim基因mRNA表达量与突变型组比较，差异有显著性（F=125．191、157．974，P％0．05）。突变型组细胞增殖活性显著高于野生型组（F=769，64，P％0．05）。突变型组与两对照组细胞凋亡率较低，三者相比差异无显著性，野生型组细胞凋亡率显著高于突变型组与两对照组（F=61．57，P％0．05）。结论非p53依赖性通路中，野生型c-myc基因过表达能明显上调Bim基因表达，通过Bim诱导细胞凋亡，而突蛮后此作用丧失,致瘤件增高。     

外源笥野生型p53基因对K562细胞的作用

为了研究外源性野生型p53基因（wt-p53）对K562细胞的作用。探索p53基因治疗白血病的可能性,两种p53基因pC53-SN3(wtp53cDNA)和pN53cG(Val135)(32.5℃表现wtp53功能）通过脂质体介导的DNA转染法导入无P53蛋白表达的K562细胞,获得细胞克隆K-SN3及K-pN53cG。通过生长曲线、克隆形成率、细胞周期分析,片段化DNA及TUNEL检测,联苯胺染色等指标观察外源性wtp53基因对K562细胞的影响,结果显示;（1）RT-PCR检测K-SN3及K-pN53cG均获表达p53基因,但前表达明显低于后;（2）K-SN3,K-pN53cG(32.5℃）细胞生长减慢,克隆形成明显受抑,且G0/G1期增加,S期减少,以上现象均以K-pN53cG细胞（32.5℃）更明显;（3）K-pN53cG932.5℃）可检测到明显凋亡改变,而K-SN3则向红系分化,说明wtp53基因表达使K562细胞生长受到明显抑制,并提示p53低表达可能促使K562细胞向红系分化,而p53高表达诱导K562细胞出现凋亡,wtp53对于白血病基因治疗有潜在的应用价值。     

转染p16、p53对白血病细胞株K562及HL-60的抑制作用

本研究构建p53,p16基因真核表达载体,用脂质体法转染入白血病细胞,观察其在白血病细胞中的表达和对白血病细胞的作用。设计并构建包含野生型p53cDNA与p16cDNA的真核双表达载体pBudCE4.1-53-16,用脂质体法转染白血病细胞,用间接免疫细胞化学法、Western blot法检测鉴定外源性p53及p16的表达情况。通过CCK-8,流式细胞仪检测细胞的生长曲线、细胞周期、细胞凋亡。结果发现:p53p16基因双表达真核载体构建成功,体外转染入白血病细胞后能检测到外源性P53、P16蛋白在白血病细胞中表达。转染48小时后,试验组与对照组比较,细胞周期阻滞(p0.001);试验组和对照组比较,细胞增殖下降,细胞凋亡增加(p0.001)。结论:重组质粒pBudCE4.1-53-16构建成功,经体外转染白细胞细胞后2个目的基因能够在细胞中同时表达,并引起细胞周期阻滞于G0期,细胞凋亡增加。     

Adenovirus-mediated transfer of the p53 family genes, p73 and p51/p63 induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in colorectal cancer cell lines: potential application to gene therapy of colorectal cancer

p53 gene therapy is being tested clinically for the treatment of human cancer, however, some cancer models (in vivo and in vitro) are resistant to p53. To explore the potential use of two p53 homologues, p73 and p51/p63, in cancer gene therapy, we introduced p53, p73 and p51/p63 into colorectal cancer cell lines via adenoviral vectors, and compared their effects on cell growth. Among 10 cell lines tested, six cell lines displayed a similar response following transduction of p53, p73beta or p51A/p63gamma; two lines underwent cell-cycle arrest, three lines exhibited apoptosis and one line showed no-effect following transduction. The effect on cell-cycle progression was variable in the other four cell lines. Interestingly, three cell lines were resistant to p53-mediated apoptosis, including two lines having endogenous wild-type p53 alleles, but underwent apoptosis after transduction of p73beta or p51A/p63gamma. Similar to p53, transduction of p51A/p63gamma induced extensive apoptosis when combined with adriamycin or X-radiation in SW480 cells, which are normally resistant to apoptosis. Transduction of p73beta and p51A/p63gamma also reduced the tumorigenicity of two colorectal cancer cells in vivo. These results suggest that adenovirus-mediated p73beta and p51A/p63gamma transfer are potential novel approaches for the treatment of human cancers, particularly for tumors that are resistant to p53 gene therapy.     

Differential antiproliferative mechanisms of novel derivative of benzimidazo[1,2-alpha]quinoline in colon cancer cells depending on their p53 status

In the present article, we describe a mechanistic study of a novel derivative of N-amidino-substituted benzimidazo[1,2-alpha]quinoline in two human colorectal cancer cell lines differing in p53 gene status. We used a proteomic approach based on two-dimensional gel electrophoresis coupled with mass spectrometry to complement the results obtained by common molecular biology methods for analyzing cell proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis. Tested quinoline derivative inhibited colon cancer cell growth, whereby p53 gene status seemed to be critical for its differential response patterns. DNA damage and oxidative stress are likely to be the common triggers of molecular events underlying its antiproliferative effects. In HCT 116 (wild-type p53), this compound induced a p53-dependent response resulting in accumulation of the G(1)- and S-phase cells and induction of apoptosis via both caspase-3-dependent and caspase-independent pathways. Quinoline derivative triggered transient, p53-independent G(2)-M arrest in mutant p53 cells (SW620) and succeeding mitotic transition, whereby these cells underwent cell death probably due to aberrant mitosis (mitotic catastrophe). Proteomic approach used in this study proved to be a valuable tool for investigating cancer cell response to newly synthesized compound, as it specifically unraveled some molecular changes that would not have been otherwise detected (e.g., up-regulation of the p53-dependent chemotherapeutic response marker maspin in HCT 116 and impairment in ribosome biogenesis in SW620). Finally, antiproliferative effects of tested quinoline derivative on SW620 cells strongly support its possible role as an antimetastatic agent and encourage further in vivo studies on the chemotherapeutic potential of this compound against colorectal carcinoma.     

Tumor-suppressive effects by adenovirus-mediated mda-7 gene transfer in non-small cell lung cancer cell in vitro

The melanoma differentiation-associated gene-7 (mda-7), cloned from a human melanoma cell line H0-1, is known to induce tumor cell-selective growth inhibition in breast cancer cells in vitro and loss of tumorigenicity ex vivo. Yet, the mechanisms underlying these effects are still unknown. Therefore, we investigated these mechanisms on the molecular level in human non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cells in vitro. Overexpression of mda-7 protein by Ad-mda-7 significantly suppressed proliferation and induced G2/M cell cycle arrest in wild-type p53 (A549, H460), and p53-null (H1299) non-small cell lung cancer cell lines, but not in normal human lung fibroblast (NHLF) cells. p53, Bax, and Bak protein expression was up-regulated in wild-type p53 tumor cell lines, but not in p53-null cells, suggesting that an intact p53 pathway was required for Bax and Bak induction. However, in all three cancer cell lines tested, activation of the caspase cascade and cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) appeared to be independent of the p53 mutational status. Together, these results suggest that apoptosis may be induced via multiple pathways by Ad-mda-7 in lung cancer cells and that Ad-mda-7 has the potential to become a novel therapeutic for clinical cancer gene therapy. Gene Therapy (2000) 7, 2051-2057.     

EFFECTS OF p53 GENE THERAPY COMBINED WITH CYCLOOXYGENASE-2 INHIBITOR ON CYCLOOXYGENASE-2 GENE EXPRESSION AND GROWTH INHIBITION OF HUMAN LUNG CANCER CELLS

1 INTRODUCTIONCOXis the key enzyme involved in the synthesis of prostanoids,a collective termfor the PGs andthromboxanes.Of the two major isoforms of the COXenzyme,COX-1 is ubiquitous and constitutively ex-pressedin virtually all normal tissues.In contras…     

Cellular effects of olomoucine in human lymphoma cells differing in p53 function

Olomoucine, a purine derivative, inhibits multiple cyclin-dependent kinases that play important roles in regulating the G1/S and G2/M transitions of the cell cycle. In this study we investigated the cellular effects of olomoucine in two human Burkitt's lymphoma cell lines, WMN (containing wild-type p53) and CA46 (containing mutant p53), and found that in consistency with its ability to block the activity of cyclin E/Cdk2 and cyclin B1/Cdc2 kinases, olomoucine caused cell cycle arrest at both G1/S and G2/S boundaries. Moreover, cell cycle arrest occurred equally well in these two cell lines bearing different p53 gene status, suggesting that p53 was not responsible for the cell cycle arrest by olomoucine. A similar p53-independent fashion was also observed in the cytotoxic potency and apoptosis induction of olomoucine, in contrast to ionizing radiation which caused more cytotoxic activity and apoptosis in the WMN cell line bearing wild-type p53 compared with CA46 cells bearing mutant p53. Such p53-independent cytotoxicity of olomoucine was also confirmed in other human Burkitt's lymphoma and lymphoid cell lines containing wild-type and mutant p53. Therefore, our results give an impetus to continued research into olomoucine that might be a very useful chemotherapeutic strategy in the treatment of patients with mutant p53 tumors, at least in lymphoma patients. Copyright Copyright 1999 S. Karger AG, Basel.     

Adenovirus type 5 E1A gene therapy for ovarian clear cell carcinoma: a potential treatment strategy

Resistance of ovarian clear cell carcinoma (CCC) to platinum-based chemotherapy is associated with poor prognosis, and an effective treatment for advanced disease is urgently needed. HER2/neu is up-regulated more often in CCC than in other histologic types of epithelial ovarian cancer. The purpose of this study was to assess possible treatment for ovarian CCC with the anti-HER2 antibody trastuzumab or human adenovirus type 5 E1A. We treated 10 CCC cell lines with trastuzumab or E1A and assessed cell viability, proliferation, and colony formation and the expression of HER2 and wild-type p53 proteins and molecules downstream of those signaling pathways. HER2 protein was detected at various levels in all 10 cell lines by Western blotting and in 5 CCC cell lines by immunohistochemical staining; HER2 gene amplification was detected (by fluorescence in situ hybridization) in only one cell line (RMG-I). Trastuzumab did not inhibit proliferation in any of the four CCC cell lines tested (RMG-I, SKOV-2, OVTOKO, and OVSAYO). However, transfection with E1A (as compared with control vectors) reduced colony formation in all 10 CCC cell lines regardless of HER2 expression level. Infection of RMG-I and SMOV-2 cells with an adenoviral vector encoding E1A led to significant (P < 0.05) suppression of proliferation and enhancement of cell death; this effect required stabilization of p53 (but not p73) protein and was associated with the up-regulation of Bax and the cleavage of caspase-9. Other mechanisms, such as p53-independent apoptosis, may also be involved in E1A-mediated cell death in CCC. Finally, treatment with E1A prolonged survival in a CCC xenograft model (P < 0.001). E1A gene therapy, because of its ability to stabilize wild-type p53, is worth exploring as a treatment modality for women with ovarian CCC, which typically expresses wild-type p53.     

Enhanced tumor cell kill by combined treatment with a small-molecule antagonist of mouse double minute 2 and adenoviruses encoding p53

Strategies to treat cancer by restoring p53 tumor suppressor functions are being actively investigated. These approaches range from expressing an exogenous p53 gene in p53 mutant cancers to antagonizing a p53 inhibitor in p53 wild-type (WT) cancer cells. In addition, exogenous p53 is used to strengthen the anticancer efficacy of oncolytic adenoviruses. Many cancers express high levels of the major negative regulator of p53, mouse double minute 2 (MDM2) protein. Recently, a novel class of highly potent and specific MDM2 antagonists, the Nutlins, was identified. We envisioned that Nutlins could protect both endogenous and exogenous p53 from MDM2-mediated inactivation. We therefore investigated treating human cancer cells with a combination of adenovirus-mediated p53 gene therapy and Nutlin. Combination treatment resulted in broadly effective cell kill of p53 WT and p53-negative cancer cells. Cytotoxicity was associated with profound cell cycle checkpoint activation and apoptosis induction. We also tested Nutlin in combination with oncolytic adenoviruses. Nutlin treatment accelerated viral progeny burst from oncolytic adenovirus-infected cancer cells and caused an estimated 10- to 1,000-fold augmented eradication of p53 WT cancer cells. These findings suggest that Nutlins are promising compounds to be combined with p53 gene therapy and oncolytic virotherapy for cancer.