A comparative study on therapeutic method of traumatic epidural hematoma

Objective： To explore the therapeutic methods, surgical indications and clinical practice of minimally invasive surgery on traumatic epidural hematoma （EDH）. Methods： Retrospective study was made on 135 patients with traumatic EDH admitted into our hospital from June 2002 to August 2005. Sixty-five patients were treated with mini-invasive negative pressure drainage （treatment group）, 70 patients with comparable condition used traditional craniotomy （control group ）. The mean time of operation, average days in hospital, expenditure and prognosis of two groups were recorded and analyzed. Results： There was no significant difference in therapeutic efficacy between two groups. Patients in treatment group had a shorter hospital stay and less expenditure than those in control group. Conclusion： Mini-invasive negative pressure drainage is simple, effective, economical and applicable to some traumatic EDH patients.     

Percutaneous pedicle screw fixation through the pedicle of fractured vertebra in the treatment of type A thoracolumbar fractures using Sextant system: an analysis of 38 cases

Objective:To prospectively evaluate the feasibility,safety and efficacy of the percutaneous pedicle screw fixation through the pedicle of fractured vertebra in the treatment of type A thoracolumbar fractures using Sextant system in the retrospective non-randomized case-control study.Methods:A total of 38 consecutive non-randomized patients with type A thoracolumbar fractures, which had been stabilized posteriorly from December 2006 to March 2009,were examined retrospectively more than 9 months after surgery.Twenty-one patients had been treated conventionally with open pedicle screw fixation (OPSF) and 17 patients received minimally invasive treatment with Sextant percutaneous pedicle screw fixation (SPPSF). As a method of evaluation, the incision size, the intraoperation and postoperative volume of blood loss, operation time, postoperative hospital stay, blood transfusion, the radiological assessment of the sagittal Cobb's angle, vertebral body angle and vertebral body height were recorded and compared.Results: All patients were followed up for 8-24 months (average 11.6 months). There were significant differences in the incision size, surgical blood loss, surgical draining loss, operation time, hospital stay after operation, blood transfusion, the proportion of antalgic supplement and postoperative incisional VAS between the two groups (P<0.05). Mean preoperative kyphotic deformity was 16.0°and improved by 9.3° after surgery in OPSF group, but 15.2° and 10.3° respectively in SPPSF group. Mean preoperative angle of the fractured vertebral body was 15.9°and improved by 7.9° after surgery in OPSF group, but 14.9° and 6.6° respectively in SPPSF group. Mean anterior vertebral body height (% of normal) was 67.3% before surgery and 95.8% after surgery, but 69. 1% and 90.1% respectively in SPPSF group. Mean posterior vertebral body height (% of normal) was 93.3% before surgery and 99.5% after surgery,but 88.9% and 93.3% respectively in SPPSF group. Among the patients whose 9-month follow-up films were available,3.0° of kyphosis correction was lost in OPSF group, but 3.2°in SPPSF group. And 1.0° of the angle of the fractured vertebral body correction was lost in OPSF group, but 1.5° in SPPSF group. Then 3.0% of the anterior vertebral body height correction was lost in OPSF group, but 2.2% in SPPSF group. And 3.0% of the posterior vertebral body height correction was lost in OPSF group, but 2.5% in SPPSF group.The sagittal Cobb's angle, vertebral body angle and anterior height of the fractured vertebra were all significantly different in each group before and after operation (P<0.05).There were no significant differences in the postoperative sagittal Cobb's angle, vertebral body angle and the improvement of the vertebral body height and the kyphotic deformity correction between OPSF and SPPSF groups (P>0.05),but there was significant difference in the postoperative anterior height of the fractured vertebra between the two groups (P<0.05).Conclusion: The percutaneous pedicle screw fixation through the pedicle of fractured vertebra using Sextant system is a good minimally-invasive surgical therapeutic choice for patients with type A thoracolumbar fracture except for that the SPPSF has a little insufficiency in resuming the anterior height of the fractured vertebra compared with OPSF.     

Percutaneous pedicle screw fixation through the pedicle of fractured vertebra in the treatment of type A thoracolumbar fractures using Sextant system: an analysis of 38 cases

Objective:To prospectively evaluate the feasibility,safety and efficacy of the percutaneous pedicle screw fixation through the pedicle of fractured vertebra in the treatment of type A thoracolumbar fractures using Sextant system in the retrospective non-randomized case-control study.Methods:A total of 38 consecutive non-randomized patients with type A thoracolumbar fractures, which had been stabilized posteriorly from December 2006 to March 2009,were examined retrospectively more than 9 months after surgery.Twenty-one patients had been treated conventionally with open pedicle screw fixation (OPSF) and 17 patients received minimally invasive treatment with Sextant percutaneous pedicle screw fixation (SPPSF). As a method of evaluation, the incision size, the intraoperation and postoperative volume of blood loss, operation time, postoperative hospital stay, blood transfusion, the radiological assessment of the sagittal Cobb's angle, vertebral body angle and vertebral body height were recorded and compared.Results: All patients were followed up for 8-24 months (average 11.6 months). There were significant differences in the incision size, surgical blood loss, surgical draining loss, operation time, hospital stay after operation, blood transfusion, the proportion of antalgic supplement and postoperative incisional VAS between the two groups (P<0.05). Mean preoperative kyphotic deformity was 16.0°and improved by 9.3° after surgery in OPSF group, but 15.2° and 10.3° respectively in SPPSF group. Mean preoperative angle of the fractured vertebral body was 15.9°and improved by 7.9° after surgery in OPSF group, but 14.9° and 6.6° respectively in SPPSF group. Mean anterior vertebral body height (% of normal) was 67.3% before surgery and 95.8% after surgery, but 69. 1% and 90.1% respectively in SPPSF group. Mean posterior vertebral body height (% of normal) was 93.3% before surgery and 99.5% after surgery,but 88.9% and 93.3% respectively in SPPSF group. Among the patients whose 9-month follow-up films were available,3.0° of kyphosis correction was lost in OPSF group, but 3.2°in SPPSF group. And 1.0° of the angle of the fractured vertebral body correction was lost in OPSF group, but 1.5° in SPPSF group. Then 3.0% of the anterior vertebral body height correction was lost in OPSF group, but 2.2% in SPPSF group. And 3.0% of the posterior vertebral body height correction was lost in OPSF group, but 2.5% in SPPSF group.The sagittal Cobb's angle, vertebral body angle and anterior height of the fractured vertebra were all significantly different in each group before and after operation (P<0.05).There were no significant differences in the postoperative sagittal Cobb's angle, vertebral body angle and the improvement of the vertebral body height and the kyphotic deformity correction between OPSF and SPPSF groups (P>0.05),but there was significant difference in the postoperative anterior height of the fractured vertebra between the two groups (P<0.05).Conclusion: The percutaneous pedicle screw fixation through the pedicle of fractured vertebra using Sextant system is a good minimally-invasive surgical therapeutic choice for patients with type A thoracolumbar fracture except for that the SPPSF has a little insufficiency in resuming the anterior height of the fractured vertebra compared with OPSF.     

Application of trauma time axis management in the treatment of severe trauma patients

Purpose This study aimed at exploring the application of trauma time axis management in the treatment of severe trauma patients by using the Medicalsystem trauma system.Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study involving patients with severe trauma.Patients who were admitted before the application of the Medicalsystem trauma system were divided into before system group;patients who were admitted after the application of the system were divided into after system group.Comparison was made between the two groups.For normally distributed data,means were reported along with standard deviation,and comparisons were made using the independent samples t test.Categorical data were compared using the Chi-square test.The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare nonparametric variables.Results There were 528 patients admitted to the study during the study period.There was no significant statistical difference in the time from the start of trauma team to arrive at the resuscitation room between the two groups.The time from arrival at hospital to endotracheal intubation,to ventilator therapy,to blood transfusion,to completion of CT scan,to completion of closed thoracic drainage,to the start of operation,as well as the length of stay in resuscitation room and hospital were significantly lower after the application of the Medicalsystem trauma system.The mortality was decreased by 8.6%in the after system group compared with that in the before system group,but there was no statistical difference.Conclusion The Medicalsystem trauma system can optimize diagnosis and treatment process for trauma patients,and accordingly improve the treatment efficiency and shorten the treatment time.Therefore,the Medicalsystem trauma system deserves further popularization and promotion.     

Percutaneous pedicle screw fixation through the pedicle of fractured vertebra in the treatment of type A thoracolumbar fractures using Sextant system: an analysis of 38 cases

Objective： To prospectively evaluate the feasibility, safety and efficacy of the percutaneous pedicle screw fixation through the pedicle of fractured vertebra in the treatment of type A thoracolumbar fractures using Sextant system in the retrospective non-randomized case-control study. Methods： Atotal of 38 consecutive non-randomized patients with type A thoracolumbar fractures, which had been stabilized posteriorly from December 2006 to March 2009, were examined retrospectively more than 9 months after surgery. Twenty-one patients had been treated conventionally with open pedicle screw fixation （OPSF） and 17 patients received minimally invasive treatment with Sextant percutaneous pedicle screw fixation （SPPSF）. As a method of evaluation, the incision size, the intraoperation and post- operative volume of blood loss, operation time, postoperative hospital stay, blood transfusion, the radiological assessment of the sagittal Cobb＇s angle, vertebral body angle and vertebral body height were recorded and compared. Results： All patients were followed up for 8-24 months （average 11.6 months）. There were significant differences in the incision size, surgical blood loss, surgical draining Joss, operation time, hospital stay after operation, blood transfusion, the proportion of antalgic supplement and postoperative incisional VAS between the two groups （P〈0.05）. Mean preoperative kyphotic deformity was 16.0° and improved by 9.3° after surgery in OPSF group, but 15.2° and 10.3° respectively in SPPSF group. Mean preoperative angle of the fractured vertebral body was 15.9°and improved by 7.9° after surgery in OPSF group, but 14.9° and 6.6° respectively in SPPSF group. Mean anterior vertebral body height （% of normal） was 67.3% before surgery and 95.8% after surgery, but 69.1% and 90.1% respectively in SPPSF group. Mean posterior vertebral body height （% of normal） was 93.3% before surgery and 99.5% after surgery, but 88.9% and 93.3% respectively in SPPSF group. Among the patients whose 9-month follow-up films were available, 3.0° ofkyphosis correction was lost in OPSF group, but 3.2° in SPPSF group. And 1.0°of the angle of the fractured vertebral body correction was lost in OPSF group, but 1.5°in SPPSF group. Then 3.0% of the anterior vertebral body height correction was lost in OPSF group, but 2.2% in SPPSF group. And 3.0% of the posterior vertebral body height correction was lost in OPSF group, but 2.5% in SPPSF group. The sagittal Cobb＇s angle, vertebral body angle and anterior height of the fractured vertebra were all significantly different in each group before and after operation （P〈0.05）. There were no significant differences in the postoperative sagittal Cobb＇s angle, vertebral body angle and the improvement of the vertebral body height and the kyphotic deformity correction between OPSF and SPPSF groups （P〉0.05）, but there was significant difference in the postoperative anterior height of the fractured vertebra between the two groups （P〈0.05）. Conclusion： The percutaneous pedicle screw fixation through the pedicle of fractured vertebra using Sextant system is a good minimally-invasive surgical therapeutic choice for patients with type A thoracolumbar fracture except for that the SPPSF has a little insufficiency in resuming the anterior height of the fractured vertebra compared with OPSF.     

肝脏肿瘤动脉栓塞化疗术后胆管狭窄

目的 分析肝脏经导管动脉栓塞化疗(transcatheter arterial chemoembolization,TACE)术后胆管狭窄致梗阻性黄疸的外科治疗方法.方法 回顾性分析1994年6月至2010年3月在浙江省人民医院及上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院行肝脏TACE治疗后出现胆管狭窄的15例患者的临床资料.7例为原发性肝癌,5例为肝脏血管瘤,3例为转移性肝癌,原发疾病分别为结肠癌2例和胰腺癌1例.肝脏TACE后出现梗阻性黄疸的时间为5～16个月,中位时间为9个月.结果 15例胆管狭窄病例均出现不同程度的梗阻性黄疸,13例经外科手术或经皮肝穿刺胆管造影(percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography,PTC)+放置胆管支架,2例仅行经皮肝穿刺胆道引流(percutaneous transhepatic cholangial drainage,PTCD).术后梗阻性黄疸均获得明显缓解.5例肝血管瘤状况良好;2例原发性肝癌TACE后梗阻性黄疸随访2年,无胆管梗阻再发和肿瘤复发;其余8例随访3～18个月,均死于原发病恶化.结论手术或介入手段治疗肝脏TACE术后胆管狭窄致梗阻性黄疸可获得良好的治疗效果,应根据原发病和胆管梗阻的部位、范围决定治疗方式.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the treatment of obstructive jaundice caused by bile duct strictures after hepatic transcatheter arterial chemoembolization in hepatic tumor patients. Methods A retrospective review (Jun 1994 - Mar 2010) of databases at two institutions (Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital and Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine) identified 15patients with obstructive jaundice caused by liver bile duct stricture after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization. There were 7 cases of primary liver cancer, 5 patients of liver hemangioma, 3 cases of metastatic liver cancer including 2 cases of colonic cancer and one of pancreatic cancer. Obstructive jaundice appeared in a period of 5 months to 16 months after TACE. The median time was 9 months. Results The obstructive jaundice was relieved by surgically constructed hepatobiliary drainage or PTC+stenting treatment in 13 cases and PTCD in 2 cases. All patients of hepatic hemangioma were doing well after treatment. Two cases of primary liver cancer patients with obstructive jaundice after TACE were followed up for 2 years with no recurrence of hepatic carcinoma and bile duct obstruction. The other 8 patients were followed up from 3months to 18 months until to their death from primary disease progress. Conclusions Surgery and or PTCD plus stent can effectively relieve the obstructive jaundice caused by TACE in benign or malignant liver tumors.     

Comparison of therapeutic effect between percutaneous vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty on vertebral compression fracture

Objective： To compare the clinical efficacy of percutaneous vertebroplasty （PVP） with percutaneous kyphoplasty （PKP） in the treatment of vertebral compression fracture （VCF）.
Methods： Ninety-eight patients with VCF were treated by PVP （n = 42 ） or PKP （n = 56 ）. The anterior midline and posterior heights of vertebrae body, preoperative and postoperative visual analogue scale （VAS）, operation time and amount of blood loss were compared between 2 groups.
Results： There was statistical difference in vertebral height between two groups （ P 〈 0. 01 ）. No significant difference was seen in VAS, operation time and blood loss between two groups （ P 〈 0.05 ）.
Conclusions： PKP and PVP have the similar therapeutic efficacy in treatment of VCF with minimal invasion, less operation time and blood loss. However, PKP is superior in the recovery of vertebral height.     

Closed reduction and intramedullary nailing versus open reduction and locking plate fixation in treatment of middle and upper humeral fractures北大核心CSCD

Objective To compare closed reduction and intramedullary nailing versus open reduction and locking plate fixation in the treatment of middle and upper humeral fractures. Methods A retrospective case-control study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 62 patients with middle and upper humeral fracture who had been treated at Department of Orthopaedics, The First People's Hospital of Jinmen and at Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of PLA Central Theater from October 2017 to February 2021. There were 35 males and 27 females, aged from 27 to 86 years. The left side was affected in 24 cases and the right side in 38 cases. All fractures were fresh. According to the AO classification, 16 cases were type A, 32 type B, and 14 type C. Of the patients, 29 were treated with closed reduction and intramedullary nailing (intramedullary nail group) and 33 with open reduction and locking plate fixation (locking plate group). The length of incision, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, hospital stay, fracture healing and complications were recorded and compared between the 2 groups. The pain degree was evaluated by visual analogue scale (VAS) at one week and one month after operation, and the functional recovery of the shoulder was evaluated by Constant-Murley score at one month and 12 months after operation. Results There was no significant difference in the preoperative general data between the 2 groups, showing comparability (P>0.05). The intramedullary nail group was followed up for 12 to 29 months and the locking plate group for 15 to 50 months. In the intramedullary nail group, the length of incision [(4.1±0.7) cm], operation time [(58.3±7.7) min], intraoperative blood loss [(52.7±6.5) mL], and hospital stay [(7.3±1.5) d] were significantly less than those in the locking plate group [(21.7±2.3) cm, (95.8±11.7) min, (237.4±14.9) ml, and (12.3±1.7) d] (P<0.05). The fracture healing time in the intramedullary nail group was (5.0±1.9) months, significantly longer than that in the locking plate group [(3.5±1.7) months] (P<0.05). The VAS scores at one week and one month after operation in the intramedullary nail group [(2.8±0.3) points and (1.2±0.5) points] were significantly lower than those in the locking plate group [(4.3±0.4) points and (1.6±0.5) points], and the Constant-Murley score at one month after operation in the intramedullary nail group [(63.5±7.4) points] was significantly higher than that in the locking plate group [(54.3±6.9) points] (P<0.05). However, at 12 months after operation, there was no significant difference in the Constant-Murley score between the 2 groups (P>0.05). In both groups, the VAS score at one month after operation was significantly lower than that at one week after operation while the Constant-Murley score at 12 months after operation was significantly higher than that at one week after operation (P<0.05). In the intramedullary nail group, intraoperative distal refracture happened in one case; in the locking plate group, incision infection occurred in one case and postoperative radial nerve injury in another. There was no significant difference in the incidence of complications between the 2 groups [3.4% (1/29) versus 6.1% (2/33)] (P>0.05). Conclusion In the treatment of middle and upper humeral fractures, compared with open reduction and locking plate fixation, closed reduction and intramedullary nailing shows advantages of a smaller surgical incision, shorter operation time, less intraoperative blood loss, shorter hospital stay and faster functional recovery. © The Author(s) 2022.     

腹腔镜右半结肠切除中间入路与侧方入路的前瞻性随机对照研究

Objective To compare the medial-to-lateral approach with the lateral-to-medial approach in laparoscopic right hemi-colectomy for right colon cancer. Methods A prospective randomized controlled trial was performed in the Fujian provincial tumor hospital between January 2007 and July 2009. Forty-eight cases with right eolon cancer were randomly divided into two groups:medial-to- lateral laparoscopic right hemi-colectomy group(group M) and lateral-to-medial laparoscopic right hemicolectomy group(group L). Primary outcome(operative time) and secondary outcomes (estimated blood loss, intra-operative complication, post-operative complication, number of lymph node retrieval, hospital stay) were compared between two groups. Results Operative time was (122.5±25.8) min in group M and (162.9±30.9) min in Group L (P=0.01). Estimated blood loss was(55.8±36.2) ml in group M and (104.6±58.2) ml in group L (P=0.01). There were no significant differences between the two groups in intra-operative complications(4.2% vs 8.3%, P=1.00), post-operative complications (8.3% vs 16.7%,P=0.66), number of lymph node retrieval (17.4±3.2 vs 17.8±3.4, P=0.67), and hospital stay [(7.8± 2.2) d vs (8.0±3.6)d, P=0.81]. Conclusion The medial-to-lateral approach reduces operative time and blood loss in laparoscopic right hemi-colectomy as compared with the lateral-to-medial approach.     

Comparison of Jefferson-fracture reduction plate and micro titanium plate in the transoral single-segment fixation of unstable atlas fractures北大核心CSCD

Objective To compare Jefferson-fracture reduction plate (JeRP) and micro titanium plate in the transoral single-segment fixation of unstable atlas fractures. Methods From January 2008 to December 2020, 45 patients with unstable atlas fracture were treated by single-segment fixation through an oral approach with a JeRP or a micro titanium plate at Department of Orthopedic Surgery, General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command. They were 24 males and 21 females, aged from 15 to 67 years. By the Gehweiler classification, 11 atlas fractures were type Ⅰ and 34 type Ⅲ; by the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) classification, the spinal cord injury was grade D in 7 cases and grade E in 38 cases; by the Dickman classification, the atlas transverse ligament injury was type Ⅰ in 4 cases and type Ⅱ in 11 cases. Of the patients, 26 were treated by transoral single-segment fixation with a JeRP and 19 by transoral single-segment fixation with a micro titanium plate. The 2 groups were compared in terms of baseline data, operation time, blood loss, hospital stay, visual analog scale (VAS) for neck pain and atlas lateral mass displacement (LMD) before operation and at the last follow-up, and intraoperative and postoperative complications. Results The 2 groups were comparable because there was no significant difference between them in the preoperative general data (P>0.05). All patients were followed up for 12 to 55 months (mean, 21.8 months). Wound dehiscence or infection was observed in none of the patients after operation. About 12 months after operation, all fractures achieved bony union, neck pain basically disappeared, and neck movement had no obvious limitation. The hospital stay was (13.9±2.2) d for the JeRP group and (14.2±2.9) d for the micro titanium plate group, showing no significant difference between the 2 groups (P>0.05). The operation time was (203.5±173.4) min and the blood loss (167.3±138.6) mL in the JeRP group, significantly more than those in the micro titanium plate group [(121.5±50.5) min and (98.4±57.2) mL] (P<0.05). In the JeRP group, the preoperative LMD was (6.7±1.7) mm and the preoperative VAS score (6.8±1.0) points, significantly higher than the last follow-up values [(0.7±0.6) mm and (0.7±0.6) points] (P<0.05). In the micro titanium plate group, the preoperative LMD was (6.6±1.5) mm and the preoperative VAS score (6.7±0.9) points, significantly higher than the last follow-up values [(0.9±0.6) mm and (0.8±0.7) points] (P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the preoperative or the last follow-up comparison between the 2 groups (P>0.05). Implant loosening was observed in one patient in the JeRP group while foreign body sensation in the throat was reported in one patient after operation in the micro titanium plate group. Conclusions Both JeRP and micro titanium plate in the transoral single-segment fixation can lead to effective treatment of unstable atlas fractures. Compared with JeRP, the micro titanium plate can effectively shorten operation time and reduce blood loss due to its smaller size and lower incision. © 2022 Chinese Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma. All rights reserved.     

阻塞性黄疸术前行PTCD对提高临床疗效的观察

目的 探讨阻塞性黄疸术前经皮肝穿刺胆管引流（PTCD）对围手术期的影响及临床疗效。方法 2010年2月至2012年6月间手术治疗的85例阻塞性黄疸患者,分为术前PTCD术组（n=46）和直接手术组（n=39）;术前PTCD组观测入院时和行PTCD置管后第3、7天肝功能指标变化情况,同时比较两组术中出血量、手术时间,术后并发症及平均住院时间,术后肝功能指标变化。结果 PTCD组行PTCD置管后肝功能改善,与入院时比较有明显差异（P＜0.05）。两组术后ALT、AST、TB指标相同时间点比较,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。同时,PTCD组术中出血量、手术时间、术后并发症及平均住院时间均少于直接手术组（P＜0.05）。结论 PTCD可作为阻塞性黄疸术前的常规应用,可促进肝功能的恢复,提高手术的耐受性,改善疗效。     

经皮经肝胆管引流术联合异甘草酸镁治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸患者肝功能损伤的疗效观察

目的：评价经皮经肝胆管引流术（ percutaneous transhepatic cholangial drainage ,PTCD）联合异甘草酸镁治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸患者肝功能损伤的临床疗效及安全性。方法2009年6月～2013年6月,恶性梗阻性黄疸120例,在PTCD术后常规护肝治疗的基础上,按就诊顺序依次分入观察组（加用异甘草酸镁100 mg/d）和对照组（加用还原型谷胱甘肽1200 mg/d）各60例。治疗7天后,比较丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ ALT）、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（ AST）、白蛋白（ ALB）、γ-谷氨酰转肽酶（γ-GT）、碱性磷酸酶（ ALP）、总胆红素（ TBil）、直接胆红素（ DBil）及肿瘤坏死因子α（ TNF-α）、核因子κB（ NF-κB）的变化;观察与药物有关的不良反应。结果治疗1周后,观察组与对照组TBil、DBil、ALT、AST、ALP、TNF-α、NF-κB较治疗前均明显下降（P＜0.05）,且观察组下降更明显（P＜0．05）。2组ALB、γ-GT治疗前后差异无显著性,2组间比较差异亦无显著性（P＞0.05）。结论恶性梗阻性黄疸患者PTCD术后异甘草酸镁治疗肝功能损伤对恢复肝功能、消退黄疸有促进作用。     

ERCP与PTCD在恶性梗阻性黄疸姑息性治疗中疗效对比研究

目的比较内镜逆行性胰胆管造影(ERCP)与经皮经肝胆管引流术(PTCD)在恶性梗阻性黄疸(MOJ)姑息性治疗中各自疗效。根据研究结果,为今后MOJ治疗方案的选择提供参考资料,提高病人生存质量。方法收集我院肝胆胰外科2017年1月至2018年12月所有行ERCP或PTCD姑息性治疗MOJ的病例。按照治疗方式的不同分为ERCP组与PTCD组。结果两组在年龄、性别、疾病诊断、梗阻部位、合并基础疾病、术前各项指标、手术成功率、术后并发症发生率、总住院费用等方面均无统计学差异(P0.05)。术后各项指标变化:两组术后ALT、TB指标均有不同程度下降,有统计学差异(P0.05);ERCP组术后TB指标下降更加显著,有统计学差异(P0.05)。术后住院天数:ERCP组术后住院天数平均值为7.25天,PTCD组为17.73天,两组有统计学差异(P0.05)。结论 ERCP与PTCD均为姑息性治疗MOJ有效手段,可有效缓解梗阻性黄疸造成的肝功能损害,但ERCP在减黄效果上更加显著;ERCP可显著降低病人术后住院天数,但两组在手术成功率、术后并发症发生率及总住院费用方面无显著差异。     

B超引导经皮肝穿刺胆道引流治疗阻塞性黄疸80例

目的探讨B超引导经皮肝穿刺胆道引流术（percutaneous transhepatic cholangial drainage,PTCD）治疗阻塞性黄疸的临床价值。方法回顾性分析广州中医药大学第一附属医院2009年5月至2012年5月80例阻塞性黄疸病例采用PTCD治疗的临床资料,总结放置PTC管数、平均手术时间、术后24 h胆汁引流量,并对比分析手术前后血清总胆红素水平（TB）差异。结果 80例患者穿刺放置PTC管95根,留置时间为7~185（45±21）d。平均手术时间为（30±15）min,术后24 h胆汁引流量为（415±214）ml。术后1周TB均值（μmol/L）与术前相比明显下降,差异有统计学意义（116±56vs 354±150,t=17.030,P〈0.01）。术后2周TB降至（57±36）μmol/L,与术后1周TB相比,差异有统计学意义（t=10.621,P〈0.01）。发生胆汁漏及胆道出血并发症共2例（2.5%）。结论 B超引导PTCD术具有微创、安全的优点,是治疗阻塞性黄疸有效方法之一。     

术前胆道引流对恶性阻塞性黄疸患者免疫功能的影响

目的观察术前胆道引流恶性阻塞性黄疸患者免疫、炎症状况的影响。方法选择2006年3月至10月我科住院的恶性阻塞性黄疸手术患者22例,按照术前胆道引流与否分为减黄组(PBD)和未减黄组(NPBD),另取10例胆囊结石或肝血管瘤手术患者作为正常对照组,观察引流前、引流后、术后1d、7d指标,包括肝功能指标ALT、AST、TB、DB、ALP、GGT以及免疫、炎症反应指标IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α、CD4+、CD8+、CRP。结果术前胆道引流使13例患者的ALT、AST、GGT、TB下降。恶性阻黄组的IL-8水平较正常对照组的高[(1.330±0.334)μg/Lvs(0.331±0.095)μg/L,P0.05];恶性阻黄组的TNF-α水平较正常对照组的高([1.450±0.270)μg/Lvs(0.644±0.112)μg/L,P0.05]。引流后TNF-α水平较引流前显著降低,为(1.060±0.212)μg/L;术后7d时PBD组TNF-α水平为(0.793±0.251)μg/L,较术前差异性有统计学意义;非引流组术后7d时TNF-α水平为(1.180±0.205)μg/L,较术前下降明显,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。恶性阻黄患者胆道引流前后CD4+、CD8+、CD4+/CD8+、CRP水平无差别,是否行胆道引流差别亦无统计学意义。结论术前胆道引流可降低恶性阻塞性黄疸的血清TNF-α水平;血清TNF-α水平可作为反应恶性阻塞性黄疸免疫、炎症反应状态较为敏感的因子。     

恶性梗阻性黄疸介入治疗与手术引流比较

目的比较恶性梗阻性黄疸经皮经肝穿刺胆管引流(PTCD)与手术引流的疗效。方法收集不能手术切除的恶性梗阻性黄疸患者资料131例,其中102例常规经皮经肝穿刺胆管造影后放置内、外引流管或者留置金属内支架(介入治疗组),解除胆管梗阻;另29例为同期术前判断有手术切除可能而术中证实不能行根治性手术或者不同意行PTCD治疗患者(手术引流组),行开腹胆管内、外引流术。比较2组治疗前、后总胆红素变化、术后并发症发生情况、住院时间以及住院费用。结果介入治疗组穿刺成功率100%,与手术引流组比较,介入治疗组平均胆红素下降50%时间、术后总并发症发生率差异均无统计学意义(P0.05),但平均住院时间和平均住院费用均少于手术引流组(P0.05)。结论与手术引流比较,介入治疗具有微创性,可以重复操作,明显缩短住院时间,减少住院费用,且并不增加并发症发生率,并可以为后续治疗创造条件,是不能手术切除恶性梗阻性黄疸治疗的首选方法。     

超声引导经皮经肝胆道穿刺引流术治疗肝泡型包虫病合并梗阻性黄疸的疗效分析

目的探讨肝泡型包虫病合并梗阻性黄疸患者行超声引导经皮经肝胆道穿刺引流术（PTCD）的临床效果。 方法选取武汉市第七医院2013年4月至2017年4月收治的80例肝泡型包虫病合并梗阻性黄疸患者,均行超声引导PTCD术治疗,记录患者术中和术后一般情况、不良反应发生情况,分析和比较肝功能指标变化、生活质量（QOL）评分。 结果80例患者一次性穿刺成功率为93.75%（75/80）,平均手术时间为（36.31±8.57）min,术中出血量为（30.25±18.62）ml,住院时间为（5.25±2.12）d;术后平均每天胆汁引流量（507.34±86.54）ml,术后穿刺管平均留置时间（85.75±12.54）d,未出现胆管出血或败血症等并发症。与术前各指标比较,患者手术后3 d、1周、3个月后总胆红素（TBIL）、直接胆红素（DBIL）、γ-谷氨酰转肽酶（GGT）、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）、门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、白蛋白（ALB）表达水平显著降低,且随治疗时间的延长,各指标表达水平逐渐下降（均P<0.05）,治疗3 d、1周、1个月后患者QOL总均分分别为（20.87±0.85）分、（32.85±3.61）分、（45.63±5.78）分,显著高于治疗前的（14.54±0.62）分,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论超声引导下PTCD治疗肝泡型包虫病合并梗阻性黄疸,能改善患者肝功能,提高生活质量,减少不良反应的发生。     

腹腔镜胆总管探查术后一期缝合留置经皮肝穿刺胆道引流管的临床研究

目的:探讨腹腔镜胆总管探查术后短期留置经皮肝穿刺胆道引流管并一期缝合胆管的安全性及可行性。方法:回顾分析2008年6月至2015年5月因胆总管结石梗阻性黄疸行经皮肝穿刺胆道引流减黄后再行腹腔镜胆总管探查的138例患者的临床资料,对比一期缝合+留置经皮肝穿刺胆道引流管(缝合组)与放置T管(对照组)两种术式的疗效与并发症。结果:两组术中出血量、术后并发症发生率差异无统计学意义(P0.05);缝合组手术时间[(93.4±21.5)min vs.(105.5±15.6)min]、术后住院时间[(7.5±1.8)d vs.(9.3±2.1)d]、腹腔引流管留置时间[(3.4±0.9)d vs.(4.8±1.3)d]均显著短于对照组(P0.05)。结论:胆总管结石梗阻性黄疸患者在择期行腹腔镜胆总管探查并短期留置经皮肝穿刺胆道引流管作为支撑引流的前提下一期缝合胆管,可有效缩短手术时间、腹腔引流管留置时间、术后住院时间,未增加并发症发生率。     

内镜下塑管引流术在恶性梗阻性黄疸治疗中的临床观察

目的探讨内镜下塑管引流术在治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸中的作用。方法对76例恶性梗阻性黄疸患者行内镜下塑管引流术(ERBD,46例)或行经皮肝穿刺胆管引流术(PTCD,30例)两种方法的效果进行比较分析。结果两种方法的手术操作成功率和术后黄疸的下降程度均无统计学差异(P>0.05);而在并发症的发生率和住院时间方面,ERBD组显著低于PTCD组(均P<0.05)。结论内镜下塑管引流术和经皮肝穿刺胆管引流术都是治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸的有效方法,治疗效果相同,但内镜下塑管引流术并发症发生率低,患者的住院时间短,具有明显的优势。     

三种胆道引流手术治疗恶性阻塞性黄疸的疗效分析

[摘 要] 目的 比较经皮肝穿刺胆管引流术（percutaneous transhepatic cholangial drainage,PTCD）、经皮经肝胆囊穿刺引流术（percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage,PTGBD）、经内镜鼻胆管引流术（endoscopic nasobiliary drainage,ENBD）治疗恶性阻塞性黄疸的临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析2012年10月至2017年10月上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院收治的85例实施术前胆道引流的恶性阻塞性黄疸患者的临床资料,根据手术方式将患者分为PTCD组（n=48）、PTGBD组（n=19）和ENBD组（n=18）。比较三组的手术前后血清总胆红素水平、手术成功率、手术时间、术后并发症、术后减黄效果。结果 三组患者术前、术后第3天和第7天总胆红素水平、手术成功率及术后并发症发生率无统计学差异（P > 0.05）。PTGBD组平均手术时间[（14.11±0.6439）min]明显低于PTCD组的（19.07±0.8799）min、ENBD组的（29.67±1.921）min,三组比较有统计学差异（F=916.858,P < 0.001）,两两组间比较均有统计学差异（均P < 0.001）。结论 PTCD、PTGBD和ENBD均能达到术前减黄的效果,PTGBD更为便捷、安全。