认知行为团体干预缓解大学生抑郁症状的帮助因素

目的:探讨抑郁症状大学生在认知行为团体干预中所感知到的帮助因素。方法:选取8名有抑郁症状接受认知行为团体干预的大学生,围绕他们所感知到的团体干预的帮助因素进行半结构化访谈,采用主题分析法处理访谈数据。结果:认知行为团体干预有三类帮助因素,一是“团体过程与动力因素”,包括团体凝聚力、交流与促进、自我效能感;二是“技巧学习与认知调整”,包括情绪的觉察与接纳、思维的识别与转换、行动的意识与执行、系统化学习与应用;三是“团体内外背景性系统”,包括团体内部要素和外部生活系统。结论:认知行为团体干预通过多种帮助因素间的协同作用来改善抑郁症状。     

团体心理治疗对恢复期精神分裂症患者自我和谐的影响

目的对恢复期精神分裂症患者的自我和谐进行调查,并探讨团体心理治疗在其中的作用。方法 60名精神分裂患者作为研究对象接受自我和谐量表(SCCA)调查,将测查结果与常模比较。同时,将研究对象随机分为团体心理治疗组30例和常规治疗组30例,比较两组患者自我和谐的差异。结果 160例精神分裂症患者SCCS中自我与经验的不和谐、自我的刻板性均高于常模,自我的灵活性低于常模,差异均具有统计学意义(t=7.97,8.96,4.28;P0.05);2经过6周治疗后,团体心理治疗组自我与经验的不和谐和自我的刻板性降低,差异具有统计学意义(t=4.81,3.86;P0.05)。团体心理治疗组和常规治疗组在治疗前,自我和谐性的3个维度,即自我与经验的不和谐、自我的灵活性、自我的刻板性经比较差异无统计学意义(t=0.82,0.54,0.34;P0.05)。治疗后,团体心理治疗组的自我与经验的不和谐和自我的刻板性均低于常规组,自我的灵活性高于常规治疗组,差异具有统计学意义(t=-2.31,-3.26,4.08;P0.05)。结论精神分裂症患者自我和谐性差,团体心理治疗可以缓解患者的交往焦虑,提高自我和谐性。     

团体绘画心理辅导在完善大学生自我概念中的作用研究

目的:探讨团体绘画心理辅导对帮助大学生完善自我概念的作用.方法:招募53名大学生作为团体成员,进行为期2个月,共7个单元的团体绘画心理辅导.辅导前后采用田纳西自我概念量表对团体成员进行对比测试.结果:团体成员在家庭自我(FA)、自我满意(SA),道德自我(ME)、心理自我(PER)、社会自我(SO)、自我认同(ID)等六个因子有显著提高.结论:团体绘画心理辅导帮助大学生完善自我概念是有效的.     

重性精神障碍住院患者团体治疗的定性研究

目的:探索重性精神障碍住院患者团体治疗的效果,分析疗效的相关因素,为住院患者的团体治疗提供理论与实践上的参考.方法:选取10名住院患者,(精神分裂症,心境障碍各5例)参加连续6次的支持性团体治疗(其中1例完成了4次治疗).治疗结束后进行个案深度访谈,并采用扎根理论对访谈资料进行编码分析.结果:住院患者团体治疗的疗效包括:认知观念提升、社会功能改善、症状改善、专业知识学习、愿意参加后续团体5个方面;住院患者团体治疗的疗效相关因素包括:团体过程、成员自身、领导者、其他因素4个方面.结论:本研究提示,对于住院患者来说,团体治疗是有效的,但影响团体治疗效果的因素比较广泛,需要综合考虑.     

团体辅导对大学生寻求专业性心理帮助意向影响的研究

目的:探讨团体辅导对改善大学生寻求专业性心理帮助意向的效果.方法:选取实验组34名,对照组30名大学生在三个月内进行团体辅导,以寻求心理咨询帮助的行为意向量表、寻求专业性心理帮助的态度量表、寻求专业性心理帮助的污名量表、应对效能量表、自我表露的预期结果量表为测量工具,在团体干预实施前、后的一周对被试进行测量.结果:协方差分析与事后比较结果显示,与对照组相比,实验组被试在团体辅导后的寻求专业性心理帮助的污名量表得分显著下降,而寻求专业性心理帮助的行为意向、态度、应对效能和预期效用量表的得分显著上升.结论:团体辅导应用于改善大学生寻求专业性心理帮助的意向效果显著.     

团体心理辅导对医学生一般自我效能感影响效果的研究

目的研究团体心理辅导对改善医学生一般自我效能感的效能性。方法对自愿参加团体心理辅导的33名医学生进行团体心理辅导,采用一般自我效能感量表、内外心理控制源量表作为研究工具。结果1团体心理辅导前后,实验组在一般自我效能感的变化量显著高于对照组;2实验组在团体心理辅导后各量表的得分与辅导前各量表得分之间有显著差异。结论团体心理辅导可以有效提高医学生的一般自我效能感。     

团体认知行为治疗对康复期双相障碍患者的影响

目的探讨团体认知行为治疗是否可以改善康复期双相障碍患者心理状态。方法 145例康复期双相障碍患者随机分为干预组和对照组,在原有药物治疗的基础上,分别进行团体认知行为治疗或普通聚会。结果两组在研究完成后,干预组的自我与经验的不和谐分量表和自我的刻板性分量表评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(分别为t=-1.989,-2.168;P<0.05);干预组SES的评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=3.524,P<0.01);干预组自我与经验的不和谐分量表评分低于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(t=56.817,P<0.01),SES在治疗后评分高于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(t=-59.406,P<0.01)。结论团体认知行为治疗可提高康复期双相障碍患者的自我与经验的和谐水平,改善刻板性;提高患者的自尊水平。     

团体咨询提高贫困大学生自我接纳水平的实验研究

目的探讨团体咨询提高贫困大学生自我接纳水平的效果。方法随机选取某高校28名贫困生,随机分为实验组和对照组,前者接受团体咨询,后者不作任何干预。对比两组成员自我接纳量表的得分差异,结合组员反馈和开放性团体效果进行评估。结果干预组在自我接纳量表的总均分及自我评价因子上的得分有显著差异,在自我接纳因子上,3次测试得分有显著差异的趋势,事后多重比较表明自我接纳程度有显著提高。而对照组在3次测试中,自我接纳程度无显著性差异。结论针对性强、具有治疗功能辅导（咨询）关系的团体咨询对于提高贫困大学生自我接纳水平具有实效性和普适性。     

“难以触摸的女孩”家庭治疗取向团体督导

目的:通过对个案“难以触摸的女孩”进行团体督导,探索家庭治疗取向团体督导的实施步骤、督导特点和效果等。方法:采用家庭治疗取向的五步督导流程,由双督导师协同对被督导者和团体进行督导。督导步骤包括建立督导关系、案例报告、探索系统、反馈环节和督导效果评估。结果:本案例督导聚焦督导目标,帮助被督导者“触摸”来访者及其家庭;强化家庭治疗个案概念化,运用系统理论拓展咨询空间;促进被督导者的自我觉察、专业能力提升和职业认同感增加;有利于其他团体成员的替代性学习,建构更全面的系统思维模式。结论:家庭治疗取向的团体督导步骤清晰,具有良好的操作性;本案例督导呈现了重视督导关系、突出系统观念,强调系统资源等特点且督导效果良好。     

关注团体中的“游离者”

团体治疗是近年开始逐渐发展起来的一种心理咨询(治疗)方式。团体可以看做是一个微缩的小社会,可以很清晰地将个体在社会层面的状态和关系模式呈现出来。在任何团体中,不同类型的人都会存在。我们会发现有一种情况是:有的成员与团体始终保持距离,无法融入团体的互动之中,成为一个"游离者"。     

Therapeutic factors of cognitive behavioral group treatment for social phobia

This study investigated the therapeutic factors influencing the outcome of cognitive behavioral group treatment for social phobia and the most helpful therapeutic component. Fifty psychiatric outpatients who were diagnosed with social phobia according to the DSM-IV criteria were chosen as subjects. Patients were asked to complete the Yalom's Curative Factors Questionnaire and Therapeutic Components Evaluation Form at the end of their Cognitive Behavioral Group Treatment (CBGT). The patients who showed more improvement rated significantly higher in therapeutic factors such as "Interpersonal learning-output", "Guidance", "Universality", "Group cohesiveness" than the patients who showed less improvement. Among the four components of CBGT for social phobia, cognitive restructuring was rated as most helpful. These results suggest which therapeutic factors and components should be highlighted in CBGT for social phobia.     

Professionals' preferences for support systems for the bereaved family

Health-care-related professionals rated the appropriateness and preferred timing of various community intervention strategies for assisting the bereaved individual. Results indicated: (a) agreement about the general need for such assistance programs, but no concensus as to which were most appropriate; (b) endorsement of the "resumption of activity" ethic; (c) belief that the most desirable period in which to intervene is within six months from the death; and (d) the lesser perceived suitability of therapeutic modalities that involve social contact with nonfamily members immediately following the death. Earlier introduction of family therapy and multiple family counseling was advocated by respondents with greater experience treating the bereaved.     

Global panic reaction II - a 7-step repetitive vicious circle

The GPR-II model describes a "7-step" panic model. In this model, the single panic patient is not only affected as single member. The pressure weighing on him is not only exerted by external factors but also by group members of his network. Therefore, he has to cope with his individual problems and with the expectations of all members. The "therapeutic" model of instant sedation used (rescue screens) and long-lasting steps (behavioural therapy in group models) are not appropriate to treat the patients successfully.     

The effects of personal construct group therapy on breast cancer survivors

In this study, the authors evaluated the effects of a brief personal construct group therapy on breast cancer survivors (N=42) randomly assigned to either the treatment or wait-list control condition. The Gottschalk Gleser Content Analysis Scales were used to measure the effects for group across time (pre- and posttreatment, pretreatment, and 3-month posttreatment) on the personal construct states of threat, threat to existence, dislocation, and hope. Analyses showed that the beneficial effects of therapy achieved posttreatment were maintained at 3-month follow-up. The therapeutic group factors (I. D. Yalom, 1995) identified by the therapy group members as helpful in achieving these outcomes are also reported.     

Patterns of family communication and preferred resources for sharing information among families with a Lynch syndrome diagnosis

Objectives

To explore patterns of communication among families with a Lynch syndrome diagnosis and understand what resources could facilitate family communication.

Factors predicting the outcome of psychotherapy for borderline personality disorder: a systematic review

Background

There is substantial variation between individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD) in the degree of benefit gained from psychotherapy. Information on factors predicting the outcome of therapy for this group could facilitate identification of those at risk for poor outcome, and could enable helpful therapy processes to be identified.

Method

A systematic search of PsycInfo, EMBASE, CINHAL and Medline identified research on factors predicting symptom change during therapy for patients with a BPD diagnosis. Non-English language papers and dissertations were included.

Results

Two consistent positive predictors of symptom change were identified: pre-treatment symptom severity and patient-rated therapeutic alliance. Contrary to theories predicting increasing immutability with age, there was no evidence that age predicted poorer outcome.

Conclusion

More severely ill patients may have greater potential to achieve change during therapy, and should remain a focus for psychotherapy services. The therapeutic alliance is an important common factor predicting outcome in patients with BPD, even in highly disorder-specific treatments. Outcomes may be improved by further clinical and research focus on forming strong therapeutic alliances. The advancement of the field requires identification and testing of new predictors of outcome, especially those related to specific theories of therapeutic change in BPD.     

突发公共卫生事件下大学生网络减压团体有效因素的质性研究

目的:探索突发公共卫生事件下大学生网络减压团体的有效因素。方法:公开招募大学生23人,分3批进行抗疫减压网络团体辅导,17人参与了干预后的一对一访谈,采用共识性质性研究方法分析访谈内容。结果:改善情绪、扩展人际、调整认知、习得技能4个类别的效果在网络减压团体不同阶段激发并持续。大学生网络减压团体有效因素涉及团体动力、成员互动、带领者带领、网络环境4个主题的10个因素。不同成员对于网络影响的感受并不一致。结论:突发公共卫生事件下,网络减压团体干预对于大学生具有积极作用;网络减压团体具有线下团体类似的有效因素,包括团体气氛融洽、包容互助、发现普遍性、倾诉宣泄、了解他人、帮助他人、榜样激励。     

团体认知行为疗法改善孤独症谱系障碍儿童父母心理状态

目的:评估孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)儿童父母的心理状态,并采用团体认知行为疗法对其进行心理干预,探讨主要的疗愈因子。方法:ASD儿童父母32例,作为实验组进行为期10周的团体认知行为治疗,匹配的对照组不做干预。干预前后1周行SCL-90及特质应对方式测查,干预后实验组施行团体疗效因子问卷。结果:消极应对、抑郁因子、精神病性因子及其他因子的测量效应,时间与组别的交互效应均有统计学意义(F=15.25,10.00,28.3,4.21;P0.05);进一步简单效应检验,对照组与实验组基线水平无差别(P0.05);组别效应分析显示,干预后实验组的SCL-90总分、消极应对得分显著低于对照组(F=15.63,15.25;P0.05)。团体疗效因子相对重要性排序靠前的6个因子分别为行为模仿、普同性、希望重铸、自我了解、信息传递、社交技能发展。结论:团体认知行为治疗可有效改善ASD儿童父母心理状态,团体疗效因子中行为模仿、普同性、希望重铸起主要作用。     

Mechanisms of change in mentalization-based treatment of BPD

There are very few less contentious issues than the role of attachment in psychotherapy. Concepts such as the therapeutic alliance speak directly to the importance of activating the attachment system, normally in relation to the therapist in individual therapy and in relation to other family members in family-based intervention, if therapeutic progress is to be made. In group therapy the attachment process may be activated by group membership. The past decade of neuroscientific research has helped us to understand some key processes that attachment entails at brain level. The article outlines this progress and links it to recent findings on the relationship between the neural systems underpinning attachment and other processes such as making of social judgments, theory of mind, and access to long-term memory. These findings allow intriguing speculations, which are currently undergoing empirical tests on the neural basis of individual differences in attachment as well as the nature of psychological disturbances associated with profound disturbances of the attachment system. In this article, we explore the crucial paradoxical brain state created by psychotherapy with powerful clinical implications for the maximization of therapeutic benefit from the talking cure.     

认知团体心理治疗干预社区慢性精神分裂症患者家庭照料者疗效

目的:探索认知团体心理治疗干预慢性精神分裂症家属心理精神状况的实际效果,为提升家属心理健康水平改善家庭康复成效提供理论依据。方法:通过在常规随访、康复指导基础上结合认知团体心理治疗的运用,以焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、生活满意度指数A量表(LSIA)、家庭负担会谈量表(FBS)、社会支持评定量表(SSRS)、亲属应激量表(RSS)等评估治疗对家庭照料者的影响,运用SPSS 13.0统计软件分析量表结果。结果:认知团体心理治疗干预后,干预组与对照组在SAS、SDS、LSIA以及SSRS的主观支持、支持利用度及总分因子中出现显著统计学差异(t/t'=-2.498,-3.675,2.762,2.835,4.370,3.624;P0.05),且在SAS、SDS量表因子中干预组得分低于对照组,在LSIA、SSRS量表因子中干预组得分高于对照组。干预前后,干预组在SAS、SDS、LSIA、SSRS、RSS上差异有统计学意义(t/t'=2.810,2.892,-2.385,-3.089,2.011;P0.05)结论:认知团体心理治疗能作为社区慢性精神分裂症患者家庭照料者社会支持系统的补充,显著减少其焦虑、抑郁情绪,提升其生活满意度水平。干预能通过改善照料者心理健康状况,促进其家庭康复氛围营造,使患者情绪趋于稳定,对缓解家属心理应激具有一定作用。