前列腺穿刺活检

前列腺癌的确诊需通过前列腺穿刺活检获得癌性组织，近年来前列腺穿刺活检的适应证和技术方法不断得到改进和完善，本文就前列腺穿刺活检的适应证和方法的最新进展作一综述。     

高场强MR引导下精准穿刺抽吸治疗多房性脑脓肿

目的观察高场强MR引导下经皮精准穿刺抽吸治疗多房性脑脓肿的有效性及安全性。方法回顾性分析9例接受1.0T高场强MR引导经皮穿刺抽吸治疗的多房性脑脓肿患者,记录手术时间、并发症及随访结果。结果对9例共接受25次高场强MR引导下脓腔穿刺抽吸,其中2例行2次、7例行3次穿刺抽吸,技术成功率100%(25/25);手术时间40～100 min,平均75 min。抽吸脓液细菌培养8例呈阳性。1例术中出现少量硬膜下出血,无严重并发症。术后随访6个月,症状均显著好转;影像学随访显示脓腔皆完闭塞或肉芽肿形成,有效率100%(9/9)。结论高场强MR引导下经皮精准穿刺抽吸治疗多房性脑脓肿安全、有效。     

前列腺穿刺活检

前列腺癌的确诊需通过前列腺穿刺活检获得癌性组织 ,近年来前列腺穿刺活检的适应证和技术方法不断得到改进和完善 ,本文就前列腺穿刺活检的适应证和方法的最新进展作一综述。     

超声引导下粗针穿刺快速活检在乳腺肿块诊断中的应用

为评价超声引导下粗针穿刺活检术 (US CNB) 快速石蜡 (快蜡 )的临床应用价值 ,将 3 2例乳腺肿块患者先后进行粗针穿刺和切除活检 ,分送快蜡、术中冷冻及石蜡切片病理检查。结果示 ,以石蜡切片检查结果为诊断标准 ,快蜡的确诊率为 90 .6% ,术中冷冻为 96.8% (P >0 .0 5 ) ,两者均无假阳性。提示粗针穿刺活检 快蜡可以明确术前诊断 ,缩短手术时间 ,可望能取代手术活检。     

MRI引导下乳腺病灶真空辅助穿刺活检术的应用

目的探讨MRI引导真空辅助穿刺活检术在BI-RADS 4类乳腺病变中的应用价值。方法对9例MRI诊断为BI-RADS 4类乳腺病变的患者行MR引导真空辅助穿刺活检术。采用1.5T MR仪,8通道专用乳腺MR活检线圈,乳腺适度加压后固定于定位装置内;定位扫描采用矢状位3D动态增强扫描,将数据传至乳腺活检专用定位工作站,由工作站自动计算活检位置及进针深度。以14.5cm、8G真空辅助活检针进行穿刺。结果 9例中,8例病灶准确定位,并成功取得组织病理结果;1例因病灶位置表浅、工作站不能定位而终止活检。每例取组织6~20条,共取96条;每例操作时间为30~65min。组织病理学结果:乳腺浸润性导管癌2例,腺病3例,导管内乳头状瘤1例,硬化性腺病合并导管扩张1例,腺病伴不典型增生1例。结论 MR引导下乳腺病变真空抽吸活检术用于BI-RADS 4类乳腺病变安全可行,能够取得足够的组织用于病理学评估。     

开放式MR实时透视技术在颅脑病变穿刺活检中的应用效果

目的探讨开放式MR实时透视技术在颅脑病变穿刺活检中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析112例接受1.0T开放式MR实时透视引导颅脑病变穿刺活检患者,以活检后外科手术病理结果或随访结果作为最终诊断标准,计算穿刺活检诊断颅脑病变的准确率、敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值及阴性预测值。结果 112例患者共穿刺112个病灶,最大径0.91～4.53 cm,平均(2.32±0.81)cm;其中29例病灶最大径≤1.5 cm,83例1.5 cm。112例均成功取材,对其中108例获得明确穿刺病理学诊断结果。穿刺术中4例出现少量颅内出血,未见其他严重并发症,并发症发生率为3.57%(4/112)。穿刺活检诊断准确率、敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值及阴性预测值分别为96.43%(108/112)、96.34%(79/82)、96.67%(29/30)、98.75%(79/80)及90.63%(29/32),最大径≤1.5 cm与1.5 cm病灶诊断准确率、敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值及阴性预测值差异均无统计学意义(P均0.05)。结论 1.0T开放式MR实时透视引导颅脑病变穿刺活检安全、可行。     

锥光束乳腺CT引导下穿刺活检诊断乳腺浸润性导管癌1例

正患者女,45岁,以"左乳腺肿物性质待查"入院。实验室检查无异常。专科检查:左乳腺外上象限触及约3.0cm×3.5cm肿物,表面欠光滑,质硬,边界欠清,活动度欠佳,无压痛。乳腺X线摄影:左乳腺外上象限见分叶状稍高密度影,边界不清,可见毛刺影。乳腺MRI:左乳腺外上象限见约2.1cm×1.6cm×3.8cm不规则信号,边界不清,T1WI呈等信号,T2WI压脂呈高及稍高混杂信号,DWI呈明显高信号,ADC低信号,动态后肿物明显不均匀强化,考虑左乳腺外上象限乳腺癌[乳腺影像报告和数据系统     

高分辨率微细血流成像引导术前经皮穿刺活检

目的分析高分辨率微细血流成像(HDMFI)引导穿刺活检的临床价值。方法回顾性分析46例经手术切除病灶并明确病理诊断的单发占位病变患者,病灶位于浅表31例、腹腔8例、盆腔7例;术前接受超声引导下穿刺活检,最大径<1 cm者接受细针穿刺,≥1 cm者接受粗针活检,其中25例以常规CDFI(CDFI组)、21例以HDMFI靶向引导穿刺(HDMFI组);对比2组取材成功率、诊断符合率及穿刺并发症。结果对CDFI组共行细针活检16例、粗针活检9例,穿刺61次,其中52次取材成功,22例获得明确病理诊断;HDMFI组细针活检15例、粗针活检6例,穿刺48次,46次取材成功,20例获得明确病理诊断。CDFI组穿刺活检取材成功率、诊断符合率分别为85.25%(52/61)、88.00%(22/25),HDMFI组分别为95.83%(46/48)、95.24%(20/21),HDMFI组均高于CDFI组(P均<0.01)。术中及术后均未见穿刺并发症。结论 HDMFI可清晰显示病灶内部微细血流灌注,用于精准引导穿刺效果较CDFI更佳。     

远距离激光引导进针角度装置用于CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检

目的观察远距离激光引导进针角度装置辅助CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检的临床应用价值。方法选取100例接受CT引导下经皮肺结节穿刺术患者,其中50例接受远距离激光引导进针角度装置辅助CT引导下穿刺(观察组),50例接受常规CT引导下穿刺(对照组),比较2组进针深度、CT扫描次数、单次穿刺成功率、诊断准确率、穿刺时间以及气胸、针道出血等并发症。结果观察组CT扫描次数、穿刺时间及气胸发生率低于对照组(P均0.05),单次穿刺成功率、诊断准确率高于对照组(P均0.05)。无论进针深度如何,观察组对直径1 cm病灶的CT扫描次数、穿刺时间均低于对照组(P均0.05),针道出血和气胸发生率组间差异均无统计学意义(P均0.05);观察组中直径≤1 cm病灶CT扫描次数、穿刺操作时间及针道出血、气胸发生率亦均低于对照组(P均0.05)。结论远距离激光引导进针角度装置辅助CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检可提高穿刺准确率,缩短操作时间,减少并发症,尤其适用于直径≤1.0 cm结节。     

经锥光束乳腺CT引导下穿刺不同体模模拟乳腺肿物活检的可行性

目的对比分析不同体模模拟经锥光束乳腺CT(CBBCT)引导下乳腺肿物穿刺活检的可行性。方法在CBBCT引导下分别对不同体模(硅胶乳腺、煮熟土豆、圆形茄子和芒果)深浅部位的靶目标(腊肠块模拟肿瘤)进行穿刺活检,统计其准确率及成本。结果同一体模深部与浅部穿刺准确率差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。硅胶乳腺穿刺准确率为92.50%(37/40),土豆为81.25%(78/96),茄子为72.92%(70/96),芒果为61.54%(32/52)。结论CBBCT引导下体模穿刺活检的准确率较高,以煮熟土豆性价比最高。     

动态增强MRI定量参数及其直方图在乳腺癌中的研究进展

乳腺癌的高度异质性影响患者预后。动态增强(DCE)MRI定量参数直方图可反映乳腺癌异质性相关信息。本文就DCE-MRI定量参数及其直方图用于乳腺癌的研究进展进行综述。     

MRI引导经皮冷冻消融治疗肿瘤研究进展

MRI高软组织分辨率及对温度敏感的特点使其尤为适用于引导经皮冷冻消融(PCA)。随着MR实时监测技术及介入设备MR兼容技术的发展,MRI引导PCA(MRI-PCA)在肿瘤治疗方面已经取得一定进展,且疗效显著。本文对MRI-PCA的发展和优势、冷冻消融机制及MRI-PCA在肿瘤方面的临床应用进行综述。     

PET/CT辅助CT引导下肺穿刺活检研究进展

CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检安全、有效,已广泛用于临床;但对于可能合并坏死的较大肺部病变或阻塞邻近支气管引起阻塞性病变者,于CT引导下选择穿刺靶点相对困难,影响穿刺诊断率。PET/CT不仅可对病灶进行解剖定位,还能反映其代谢水平。本文对PET/CT辅助CT引导下肺穿刺研究进展进行综述。     

Endorectal magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy for the detection of tumor foci in men with prior negative transrectal ultrasound prostate biopsy

Purpose

We determined the ability of combined endorectal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) to detect prostate cancer foci prospectively in men with prior negative transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) prostate biopsy.

Materials and Methods

Endorectal MRI with spectroscopy was performed in 24 consecutive patients with 1 or more prior negative TRUS prostatic biopsies for persistently increased prostate specific antigen and/or abnormal digital rectal examination. All studies were interpreted by a dedicated radiologist who reported areas of interest in the peripheral zone as normal, equivocal or suspicious on MRI and MRSI separately. Equivocal and suspicious areas were then correlated with a 3-dimensional prostate model. All patients underwent a standard TRUS 10-core peripheral zone biopsy with up to 4 additional biopsies targeted at the equivocal or suspected sites.

Results

Prostate cancer was detected in 7 of 24 subjects (29.2%). Considering the equivocal category as test negative the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and the accuracy of MRI, MRSI and combined MRI/MRSI for the detection of prostate cancer were 57.1%, 57.1% and 100.0%, 88.2%, 82.4% and 70.6%, 66.7%, 57.1% and 58.3%, 83.3%, 82.1% and 100%, and 79.2%, 75.0% and 79.2%, respectively. The site of positive biopsy correlated correctly in 50% and 28.6% of MRI and MRSI labeled suspicious cores, respectively.

Conclusions

MRI and MRSI have the potential to identify cancer foci and direct TRUS in patients with a previous negative TRUS biopsy. Further, larger studies are required to quantify the amount of benefit.     

Preoperative staging with magnetic resonance imaging, with confirmatory biopsy, improves surgical outcomes in women with breast cancer without increasing rates of mastectomy

Abstract: Needle biopsy to evaluate findings on MRI that could alter surgical planning has been recommended. This study is a retrospective review to evaluate MRI preoperative staging with biopsy confirmation of suspicious findings. A total of 184 women were diagnosed with breast cancer between January 2004 and June 2008. Of these, 79 underwent bilateral MRI before definitive surgery and 105 did not. Suspicious findings on MRI, mammography, or clinical exam underwent additional needle biopsy at the discretion of the surgeon. A retrospective chart review was performed to compare the two groups with respect to rates of reoperative surgery, successful breast conservation, and confirmatory biopsies. Sensitivity and specificity of MRI for preoperative staging is 0.81 and 0.84, respectively. There were no significant differences in demographics or cancer characteristics between the MRI and non‐MRI groups. Fewer women who underwent preoperative MRI staging required repeat breast surgery (11% versus 26%, p = .04) or repeat axillary surgery (10% versus 20%, p = .05). There is no difference in the proportion of women who successfully completed conservative therapy and those treated radically (52% versus 53%), but there is a significant increase in women who undergo additional needle biopsy to confirm suspicious findings after initial diagnosis in the MRI group (25% versus 11% p = .04). In this study, mastectomy rates are not increased; suggesting that women who undergo mastectomy following staging would undergo mastectomy following failed conservative therapy if they were not staged. The downside of this improvement is a 14% increase in women who require confirmatory biopsy.     

MRI定位联合经直肠超声引导下经会阴穿刺诊断前列腺癌

目的观察MRI引导目标穿刺活检(TB)诊断前列腺癌(PCa)的临床应用价值。方法对120例临床疑诊PCa患者行MRI,而后在经直肠超声(TRUS)引导下,分别采用系统穿刺(SB)与MRI定位行经会阴前列腺目标穿刺术(MRI-TB)。根据穿刺病理结果统计SB、MRI-TB及SB+MRI-TB对PCa检出率和穿刺阳性针率。结果病理诊断78例PCa,42例良性病变。SB、MRI-TB对PCa的漏诊率分别为23.08%(18/78)、8.97%(7/78),差异有统计学意义(P=0.048)。SB、MRI-TB及SB+MRI-TB对PCa的检出率分别为50.00%(60/120)、59.17%(71/120)和65.00%(78/120),SB+MRI-TB高于SB和MRI-TB(P均0.05)。SB、MRI-TB及SB+MRI-TB的阳性针率分别为31.17%(374/1 200)、59.58%(286/480)及35.14%(538/1 531),MRI-TB高于SB和SB+MRI-TB(P均0.001)。结论采用MRI-TB方案可提高穿刺阳性针率,减少穿刺点数,降低重复穿刺和并发症风险;联合应用SB+MRI-TB可提高PCa检出率。     

Comparison of endorectal magnetic resonance imaging, guided prostate biopsy and digital rectal examination in the preoperative anatomical localization of prostate cancer

PURPOSE: We compared the accuracy of endorectal magnetic resonance imaging (erMRI), transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) guided biopsy and digital rectal examination (DRE) for detecting the location of cancer in the prostate gland and seminal vesicles. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective study of 106 consecutive patients with prostate cancer who were referred for erMRI before radical prostatectomy. Step-section pathological data and erMRI were available in 90 patients, DRE data were available on 86 and individually labeled sextant core biopsies were available in 45. T1 and T2-weighted erMRI was interpreted by a single reader, who scored the likelihood of tumor on a 5-point scale in each seminal vesicle and in 12 locations in the prostate gland. MR spectroscopy data were not used for erMRI interpretation. One pathologist reviewed whole mount serial sections of radical prostatectomy specimens. The area under ROC curves was used to evaluate accuracy. RESULTS: The area under ROC curves for tumor localization was higher for erMRI than for DRE at the prostatic apex (0.72 vs 0.66), mid gland (0.80 vs 0.69) and base (0.83 vs 0.69). It was likewise higher for erMRI than for TRUS biopsy in the mid gland (0.75 vs 0.68) and base (0.81 vs 0.61) but not in the apex (0.67 vs 0.70). On mixed model analysis erMRI significantly increased the accuracy of prostate cancer localization by DRE or TRUS biopsy (each p <0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: For prostate cancer localization erMRI contributes significant incremental value to DRE or TRUS biopsy findings (each p <0.0001).