隆乳术后纤维包膜囊挛缩与成纤维细胞的关系

隆乳术后纤维包膜囊挛缩与成纤维细胞的关系黄金井＊隆乳术是近代整形外科施行较多的手术之一。９０年代前，隆乳术应用最广的方法是硅胶囊乳房假体植入。目前普遍使用的硅胶囊假体是Ｃｒｏｎｉｎ和Ｇｅｒｏｗ于１９６３年首先报道的。我国也有不少厂家生产硅胶囊乳房假体...     

先天性手部关节挛缩症的治疗

目的 探讨先天性多发性手部关节挛缩症手术方法的选择.方法 对8例(23指)先天性手部关节挛缩症的患儿,分别采用关节囊掌板松解、指浅屈肌腱止点切断、深浅肌腱交替术、皮片移植术等方法,术中以挛缩的关节能被动伸直为标准,采用克氏针内固定和术后石膏外固定相结合的方法进行治疗.结果 术后23指伤口均I期愈合.随访时间为12～25个月,关节功能及手指外形良好,除1例(4指)出现肌腱轻度粘连外,7例中14指(累及掌指关节1指,近指间关节13指)主、被动活动达到正常.其余手指背伸损害值V伸=5°～10°.结论 手部先天性多发性关节挛缩症根据组织的挛缩程度,通过上述方法可获得良好的治疗效果.     

四肢关节部位瘢痕挛缩治疗体会

我院自 1990年～ 2 0 0 2年收治四肢关节部位瘢痕挛缩畸形 4 6例 ,报道如下。1　临床资料1.1　一般资料本组病例 4 6例 ,关节部位 6 2个 ;男性 2 6例 ,女性 2 0例 ;平均年龄 31(3～ 6 8)岁。烧伤 38例 ,其他外伤 8例。腕关节 8例 ,肘关节 10例 ,指 (趾 )关节 19例 ,肩关节 6例 ,踝关节 12例 ,膝关节 4例 ,髋关节 3例。两个关节部位以上 11例 ,伤后伤口感染 10例 ,神经受压 2例 (腓总神经 ,股神经 )。病程时间 4月～ 13年。1.2　手术方法采用Z成形术 3例 ,Z成形术加皮片移植 15例 ,中厚皮片移植 9例 ,真皮下血管网皮片移植 5例 ,异体网状皮…     

挛缩性瘢痕成纤维细胞内钙离子浓度的测定

钙离子在细胞的生命活动中起着重要的作用，参与了细胞运动、肌肉收缩等过程。为了探讨钙离子浓度与瘢痕挛缩的关系，应用近年来发展起来的Ｆｕｒａ２／ＡＭ技术，采用图像分析处理系统，检测了培养的增生性瘢痕、瘢痕疙瘩及正常皮肤的成纤维细胞内的钙离子浓度。结果表明，增生性瘢痕中钙离子浓度明显高于瘢痕疙瘩和正常皮肤，有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０１），而后二者则无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。认为，钙离子浓度的升高与瘢痕挛缩有着密切的关系     

采用双蒂瘢痕组织皮瓣治疗关节部位的瘢痕挛缩畸形

目的：介绍双蒂瘢痕组织皮瓣治疗关节部位的瘢痕挛缩。方法：2004年10月～2007年初,利用双蒂瘢痕组织皮瓣共治疗了5例关节部位瘢痕组织挛缩畸形的患者,1例为肘关节,2例为腋窝,2例为膝关节,手术均在伤后半年以上进行。术后随访3个月～1年,平均随访时间为6个月。结果：对所有患者,术后效果都是可以接受的。双蒂瘢痕皮瓣的优点是手术简单,皮瓣坏死可能性低,肢体固定时间短,瘢痕挛缩复发的可能性低。结论：这种双蒂瘢痕组织皮瓣可作为关节部位瘢痕挛缩治疗的选择方法之一。     

国人掌腱膜挛缩症69例疗效分析

目的 探讨国人掌腱膜挛缩症的发病特点与治疗效果。方法 收集本院近20年的临床69例资料，从发生率、家族史、相伴的慢性心肺疾病、吸烟饮酒生活习惯、病理组织检查和手术效果等进行回顾性分析。结果 国人的本症发生率近几年有上升趋势；有家族史的患者罕见；且常伴有影响氧交换的慢性呼吸循环系统疾患；有烟酒嗜好者占39.1%；活动期有肌成纤维细胞簇集成团及大量Ⅲ型胶原纤维的病理组织出现；常腱膜全部切除与部分切除的治疗效果无差异性。结论 戒烟戒酒及治疗慢性心肺疾病对防治国有常腱膜挛缩症有积极意义；挛缩的病理组织基础是肌成纤维细胞簇集成团及大量Ⅲ型胶原纤维形式；应用显微外彻底切除手掌、手指病变组织可防止复发。     

成纤维细胞内肌动蛋白、钙离子与瘢痕挛缩的相关研究

目的　探讨增生性瘢痕、瘢痕疙瘩成纤维细胞中肌动蛋白 (actin)和钙离子 (Ca2 + )含量与瘢痕挛缩的关系。方法　取两类瘢痕各 10例 ,蛋白质电泳及凝胶扫描测定成纤维细胞内总肌动蛋白 ,聚合 (F肌动蛋白 )、球 (G肌动蛋白 )肌动蛋白及F/G肌动蛋白比值。Fura 2荧光探剂标记、图像分析胞内Ca2 + 浓度。结果　增生性瘢痕总肌动蛋白 [(2 .3 8± 0 .3 5 )ng/10 4细胞 ]、F肌动蛋白 [(0 .98± 0 .19)ng/10 4细胞 ]、F/G肌动蛋白比值 (0 .68± 0 .0 7)、Ca2 + 浓度 (82 .64± 10 .0 0 )均明显高于瘢痕疙瘩总肌动蛋白 [(1.68± 0 .2 5 )ng/10 4细胞 ]、F肌动蛋白 [(0 .46± 0 .10 )ng/10 4细胞 ]、F/G肌动蛋白比值 (0 .3 6± 0 .0 5 )及Ca2 + 浓度 (73 .2 6± 2 .5 5 ) (P <0 .0 1)。G 肌动蛋白含量差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　成纤维细胞内肌动蛋白与钙离子浓度的改变 ,是造成两类瘢痕不同挛缩特性的重要原因。     

先天性多发关节挛缩症致马蹄内翻足的治疗

目的 研究先天性多发关节挛缩症患者的马蹄内翻足畸形治疗。方法 回顾性分析先天性多发关节挛缩症的马蹄内翻足畸形32例（64足）的临床资料,根据Sodergard评定方法进行综合评价。结果 保守治疗满意4足,手术治疗60足中,14足1次手术获得满意结果,467足初次术后畸形复发,占77.7%,有些足需3次手术。结论 手术治疗应在1岁前行彻底的软组织松解,对于复发性、顽固性的马蹄内翻足距骨切除术是一种值得考虑的手术。     

积雪草甙预防隆乳术后包膜挛缩的细胞及分子机制初探

目的 初步探讨积雪草甙抑制隆乳术后包膜挛缩的细胞及分子机制.方法 将人体来源挛缩包膜组织进行体外分离培养,获得成纤维细胞,将含不同浓度积雪草甙的条件培养基作用于细胞后,采用3H-胸腺嘧啶核苷掺人法、3H-脯氨酸掺入法、Western-blot法分别检测细胞增殖、胶原合成及α-SMA蛋白表达的变化,结果采用SPSS11.0统计学软件分析,并进行t检验.结果 当积雪草甙浓度达到50 mg/L即对细胞DNA合成及胶原合成产生显著的抑制,抑制率分别为34.7%和30.1%,与空白组比较差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05),随着药物浓度的增加,抑制作用逐渐增强;积雪草甙浓度达到25 mg/L时,α-SMA蛋白表达显著受到抑制,蛋白活化指数为1.673,与空白组比较差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).抑制作用与药物浓度正相关.结论 积雪草甙能有效抑制包膜来源成纤维细胞的增殖、胶原合成及向肌成纤维细胞的转分化.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the cellular and molecular mechanism of the inhibitory effect of asciaticoside on capsular contracture following breast augmentation. Methods Contractured capsule derived fibroblasts were cultured in medium with different concentration of asciaticoside. The cell proliferation, collage synthesis and α-SMA expression were detected by means of 3H-thymidine incorporation, 3H-proline incorporation, and Western-blot. The results were analyzed by SPSS 11.0 with t test. Results DNA and collagen synthesis of fibroblasts were dramatically inhibited when the asciaticoside reached the concentration of 50 mg/L. The inhibitory rate was 34.7% and 30.1%respectively, showing a significant difference from that in control group( P＜0.05 ). The inhibitory effect increased with the rise of the asciaticoside concentration in a dose-dependent manner. When the concentration of asciaticoside reached 25 mg/L, the expression of α-SMA was down-regulated with an activation index of 1. 673, showing a significant difference when compared with that in control group(P＜0.05). Conclusions Asciaticoside can effectively inhibit the DNA and collagen synthesis of capsulederived fibroblasts. The trans-differentiation of fibroblast to myo-fibroblasts is also prevented by it.     

前臂缺血性肌挛缩的康复治疗

叙述前臂缺血性肌挛缩康复治疗的方法、疗效及其与预后的关系。方法:对20例前臂缺血性肌挛缩进行局部创面处理后,以强化热疗法、低中频电疗、运动疗法、作业疗法、感觉训练和使用夹板支具等手段行康复治疗。治疗时间1个月～1年,平均为7.2个月。结果:20例中,疗效优者(S_4M_5)7例,良(S_3M_4)4例,可(S_2M_3)9例,优良率为55％。结论:前臂缺血性肌挛缩的预后主要和损伤程度、治疗时间及是否作康复治疗有密切的关系。及时有效的康复治疗可以促使缺血性肌挛缩的病理过程向好的方面转归,减少并发症的发生。     

Serial splintage: Preoperative treatment of upper limb contracture

Introduction

The present study aimed to study the efficacy of preoperative splints in treatment of upper limb contractures and to evaluate the response of contracture to splints depending on the etiology and the joint involved.

Methods

Ninety joints of 42 patients were studied. Patients age, gender, etiology, duration of contracture, contracture site and joint and type of contracture was noted. The range of motion of the involved joint was recorded. Serial static splints made of thermoplastic material were applied after customizing them for each patient. The range of motion and percentage movement was recorded at weekly interval and the splints were modified as per need. Time taken to reach a plateau stage was noted. To compare the statistical significance between two groups and more than two groups of continuous variable unpaired t-test and one way ANOVA respectively was applied. We considered differences to be statistically significant when the p value was below 0.05. The strength of relationship between the two continuous variables was analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis.

Results

Etiological factors were thermal burns (36.7%), electrical burns (13.3%), post traumatic (35.6%) and post cellulitis (14.4%). Age ranged from 2 to 70 years with a mean of 28.9 ± 13.4 years. Sixty-two patients treated were males (68.9%) and 28 were female (31.1%). The mean range of motion present across all joints before starting the therapy was 54.7 ± 23.6 degrees. The mean improvement in contracture angle obtained by serial splintage was 37.4 ± 28.1 degrees. The mean time taken to achieve plateau was 23.6 ± 3.2 days. Maximum improvement was seen in thermal burn contractures (41.2 ± 30.3 degrees). Least improvement was seen in contractures due to cellulitis (6.5 ± 16.2 degrees). This finding was statistically significant [F(3,86) = 4.25, p = 0.005]. Significant difference was seen in response to therapy based on the joint involved [F(3,86) = 3.36, p = 0.02]. Highest improvement in the range of motion was seen in the metacarpophalangeal joint (49.61 ± 31.3 degrees).

Conclusions

The preoperative use of splints may lead to lesser surgical intervention and in selective cases obviate surgery. Thermal burns which are the most common cause of contractures of the upper limb, show the maximum response to preoperative serial splintage. Patient with minor contracture and supple tissues are fully corrected with splints without surgical intervention. In patients undergoing surgical correction, skin graft decreases due to decreased contracture angle.     

外伤性拇指指蹼挛缩的临床分型与治疗

目的介绍外伤性拇指指蹼挛缩的临床分型与用不同皮瓣覆盖虎口挛缩处皮肤缺损的疗效。方法根据虎口挛缩的病理机制分为5种类型。Ⅰ型拇指指蹼皮肤无挛缩而拇内收肌群挛缩。Ⅱ型拇指指蹼仅有皮肤挛缩。Ⅲ型皮肤挛缩及拇内收肌群挛缩。Ⅳ型皮肤、拇内收肌群挛缩伴拇外展功能严重障碍。Ⅴ型软组织挛缩合并骨、关节损伤。针对不同类型在充分解除其挛缩因素后,为69例采用8种皮瓣转位或游离移植重建拇指指蹼。对合并拇内收肌群挛缩、拇外展功能障碍及骨、关节损伤患者,一期同时行拇对掌功能重建或矫形手术。结果67例皮瓣全部成活,2例皮瓣远端坏死。术后经3至24个月(平均7.5个月)的随访,虎口开大的优良率为85.5%。结论采用皮瓣转位或游离移植是修复严重外伤性拇指指蹼挛缩的有效方法。     

改良切口治疗臀肌挛缩症

自1994年3月-2004年10月收治臀肌挛缩症35例,其中29例应用改良切口(股骨大转子上后2 cm处弧形切口),疗效满意,现报告如下。1临床资料本组35例,男16例,女19例;年龄10~34岁,平均18岁。均为双侧,多因步态异常、双下肢不能并膝下蹲或体育课不能达标而就诊。30例在幼时有反复臀肌注射史;5例无明显诱因,自幼发病,逐渐加重。体检:本组患者站立时双下肢外展、外旋位。髋内收明显受限,呈外“八”字步态,快走不稳。双侧臀外上方有不同程度皮肤凹陷,内收、内旋髋关节时更明显。臀肌明显萎缩、无弹性、硬韧呈条索状。并膝下蹲和搁腿(坐位时两下肢膝上交…     

中度前臂缺血性肌挛缩早、晚期手术治疗的临床观察

目的探讨中度前臂缺血性肌挛缩早、晚期手术治疗的疗效分析。方法1997—2003年，对中度前臂缺血性肌挛缩25例早期患者采取神经、肌肉松解减压术，对其中6例行肌腱移位、延长、屈肌起点滑移术。25例晚期患者采取神经、肌肉松解减压和肌腱移位、延长、屈肌起点滑移等手术。结果术后随访1—5年，早期手术组手功能恢复：优11例，良8例，可6例，优良率为76％。晚期手术组：优6例，良6例，可11例，差2例，优良率为48％。早期手术组术后肌电神经传导速度显示正中、尺神经恢复明显优于晚期手术组。结论中度前臂缺血性肌挛缩早期手术治疗，对促进前臂神经、手内在肌功能和保护性感觉的恢复、防止关节挛缩等均有较好的疗效。     

应用针刀闭合型松解术治疗臀肌挛缩症

臀肌挛缩症是由多种原因引起的臀肌及其筋膜纤维变性、挛缩（尤以臀大肌为主）而致髋关节处于外展、外旋位,髋关节前屈、内收、内旋受限,临床表现出特有的步态及体征的临床症候群。自1969年Volederrama首次报道以来,国内外文献资料记载很多,治疗上多以开放性手术为主,但治疗费用高、创伤大,故而针刀闭合型松解术在以外伤性和医源性所致的臀肌挛缩症中的应用成为研究的热点且颇具希望。     

系统手术松解疗法治疗创伤后肘关节僵硬

目的回顾性探讨采用系统手术松解疗法治疗创伤后肘关节僵硬的疗效。方法自1996-04—2010—05采用手术松解治疗来自香港大学玛丽医院的26例创伤后肘关节僵硬．平均初次受伤后12个月进行手术松解。术中完全清除关节囊内、外的粘连。所有患者术后均使用支具固定,并在服用吲哚美辛下进行复康治疗6周。平均随访25．6个月。通过比较手术前后关节活动范围及Mayo肘关节功能评分评定疗效。结果所有患者关节活动平均幅度由术前48°（0～80°）改善至末次随访时104°（40～130°）。末次随访平均Mayo评分为87分。1例出现外侧肘韧带松弛并导致肘关节半脱位。结论采用系统手术松解治疗创伤后肘关节僵硬可有效改善关节活动度及整体肘关节功能。     

Breast capsule contracture: Is fibroblast activity associated with severity?

Factors responsible for breast capsule contracture remain elusive. Using an in vitro model of wound contraction, the fibroblast-populated collagen lattice (FPCL), breast capsule fibroblasts and control dermal fibroblasts from ten patients were analyzed. Comparison was made to determine (1) if the activity of dermal fibroblasts on a collagen lattice correlated with the activity of breast capsule fibroblasts or if capsular fibroblasts are unique, and (2) if the degree of fibroblast-driven collagen contraction correlated with clinical severity of breast capsule contracture. If so, a preoperative predictor of breast capsule contracture would be available. Dermal fibroblasts and breast capsule fibroblasts were cultured and mixed with media and collagen to form a matrix, and then the degree of lattice contraction was measured. A correlation between breast capsule fibroblasts and control dermal fibroblasts with respect to collagen matrix contraction was confirmed. Collagen lattice contraction coordinated by fibroblasts derived from breast capsules did not correlate with clinical severity of capsular contracture. These results indicate that the degree of breast capsule contracture can not be predicted by fibroblast activity alone. An interaction between inflammatory cells, extracellular matrix, and fibroblasts is hypothesized. Further work is needed to delineate the mechanisms responsible for breast capsule contracture.     

Effects of electrical stimulation on joint contracture in a rat model

This study was intended to delineate whether electrical stimulation could significantly reduce the amount of joint contracture in a rat model. Rat knees were surgically immobilized in 150 degrees of flexion. Two groups of rats had sham electrodes, and two groups were electrically stimulated. All rats were killed 14 days after surgery. The degree of joint contracture was assessed by measuring the femorotibial angles with a 0.015-Nm extension moment applied. When the electrical current was applied in a transverse manner, there was a statistically significant reduction in the amount of posterior capsule (p less than 0.005) and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) (p less than 0.05) contracture. When the electrical current was applied longitudinally, no significant difference in the amount of joint contracture was found. These findings support the hypothesis that electrical stimulation can inhibit joint contracture. These findings also suggest that the effect occurs when the electrical current is applied transversely as opposed to longitudinally.     

Experiences with pins and rubber band traction in the treatment of proximal interphalangeal joint contracture

BACKGROUND:

Proximal interphalangeal joint (PIPJ) contracture is a difficult problem to treat regardless of etiology. Although numerous interventions have been recommended, published results are mediocre at best.

OBJECTIVE:

The authors describe their experience and results of using a modification of pins and rubber band traction (PRBT) – applying a dynamic extension apparatus to a contracted PIPJ using the constant traction force in a stretched rubber (elastic) band.

METHOD:

A retrospective review of patients treated with this method was performed, and the results are presented. The technique itself is described, and clinical photographs illustrate the method.

RESULTS:

Mean PIPJ flexion contracture before PRBT was 82° (range 60° to 110°). The full correction of eight contracted PIPJs in seven patients was achieved, in a mean of 17.8 days (range 14 to 31 days). At one month postremoval of PRBT, the mean PIPJ flexion contracture was 22.8° (range 0° to 46°).

DISCUSSION:

The method is compared with previously described methods of PIPJ contracture correction, whether surgical or splinting; the latter may be static, dynamic or a combination of the two. The results of previously published studies are discussed and compared with the method described.

CONCLUSION:

The present method is a powerful and effective simplification of a previously described method of correcting PIPJ contractures. This technique is simple, ‘low-tech’ and can be applied under local anesthetic; the authors believe it offers a useful adjunct to surgical release.