猴腿蹄盖蕨化学成分研究

目的研究猴腿蹄盖蕨根茎的化学成分。方法利用柱色谱和薄层色谱等方法分离、纯化猴腿蹄盖蕨根茎的化学成分,结合化合物的理化性质及NMR等光谱数据鉴定其结构。结果从猴腿蹄盖蕨根茎分离得到1个已知成分,鉴定为三棕榈酸甘油酯(Ⅰ)。结论化合物Ⅰ为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

微波辅助提取猴腿蹄盖蕨总氨基酸的工艺优化

目的:探讨利用微波提取猴腿蹄盖蕨总氨基酸的最佳工艺条件。方法:利用微波辅助法提取猴腿蹄盖蕨总氨基酸,采用紫外分光光度法进行猴腿总氨基酸的含量测定。结果:通过单因素与正交试验,得出猴腿蹄盖蕨总氨基酸的最佳提取工艺条件为:采用水提法,料液比为1:20(m/v),提取次数为2次,提取温度70-75℃,提取时间为25 min,微波提取功率为500W,最佳工艺条件下,猴腿蹄盖蕨总氨基酸的平均提取率为19.063 mg/g。结论:微波辅助提取法适用于猴腿蹄盖蕨中总氨基酸的提取,具有快速、高效的特点。     

蹄盖蕨属植物化学成分和药理活性研究进展

蹄盖蕨科（Athyriaceae）是蕨类植物三大科之一，有20属500余种，中国有9属约400种之多，药用的有7属17种^[1]，是我国真蕨植物主要的药用科属之一。其中，蹄盖蕨属（Athyrium）是最大的属，有160余种，主要产于世界温带和亚热带的高山林下，我国有100余种，以西南高山为分布中心，华北和东北地区也有分布，但不产于热带和亚热带平原地区。药用蹄盖蕨属植物具有驱虫、清热解毒、     

贯众的药理作用

贯众为鳞毛蕨科多年生草本植物粗茎鳞毛蕨Dryopteris Crassirbixama Nakai、蹄盖蕨科多年生草本植物蛾眉蕨Lunathyrium acrostichoidcs ching、乌毛蕨科多年生草本植物单芽狗脊Wood wardia unigemmata Nakai、紫萁科多年生草本植物紫萁Osmunda Japonica Thunb的根茎及叶柄基部。     

荚果蕨属植物的化学成分和药理活性研究概况

荚果蕨属植物属蕨类球子蕨科,主要化学成分为黄酮类化合物,还含有酚类、香豆素、甾萜类等,药理作用主要有抗病毒、驱虫、抗菌等活性,本属植物还具有很高的观赏和食用价值。综述了荚果蕨属植物化学成分和药理活性的研究进展,为进一步开发利用荚果蕨属植物提供参考。     

香鳞毛蕨的化学成分及药理作用研究进展

目的:为香鳞毛蕨进一步开发利用提供参考。方法:以"香鳞毛蕨""化学成分""药理作用""Dryopteris fragrans""Dryofragin""Aspidin BB""Aspidin PB"等为关键词,组合查询1980年1月-2016年7月在PubMed、Web of Science、Elsevier、中国知网、万方、维普等数据库中的相关文献,对香鳞毛蕨的化学成分及药理作用进行综述。结果与结论:共检索到相关文献232篇,其中有效文献55篇。香鳞毛蕨对各种皮肤病及类风湿性关节炎有很好的疗效,被誉为"皮肤病的克星"。迄今为止从香鳞毛蕨中分离得到了75个化合物,主要类型包括间苯三酚类、萜类、黄酮类及苯丙素类等,具有抗肿瘤、抗菌、止痒、抗过敏等多种药理作用。间苯三酚类是香鳞毛蕨的特征性化学成分,是发挥相关功效作用的主要有效成分,但也具有一定的毒性。除应对间苯三酚类成分进行深入探索外,还应对其有毒成分及其毒理机制进行深入系统地研究。     

香鳞毛蕨化学成分的研究

目的:研究香鳞毛蕨的化学成分。方法:化学成分系统预试法。结果:香鳞毛蕨中含有氨基酸、蛋白质、糖及其苷类、酚类、鞣质、有机酸、挥发油、黄酮等各类化学物质。结论:香鳞毛蕨是一种具有较高开发价值的药用植物。     

无粉五角叶粉背蕨中化学成分的初步研究

目的 提取、分离和鉴定无粉五角叶粉背蕨中化学成分.方法 采用硅胶柱色谱法分离,光谱分析法鉴定化学成分.结果 从无粉五角叶粉背蕨中得到4个成分：三十二烷醇 （dotriacontanol）、软脂酸 （hexadecanoic acid）、β－谷甾醇 （β－sitosterol）和Alepterolic acid.结论 这4个化合物均为首次从该植物中得到.     

江南星蕨的化学成分研究

目的研究江南星蕨Microsorium fortunei（Moore） Ching的化学成分。方法用系统溶剂提取,常规的硅胶柱色谱进行分离纯化,根据化合物的物理、化学性质和波谱特征鉴定其结构。结果从乙酸乙酯及正丁醇部位分离得到了7个化合物,分离鉴定的7个化合物分别为β-谷甾醇（Ⅰ）,谷甾醇β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷（Ⅱ）,松脂素（Ⅲ）,槲皮素（Ⅳ）,槲皮素3-O-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷（Ⅴ）,瓦利苷（Ⅵ）和蕨素A（Ⅶ）。结论所有化合物均系首次从该植物中分离得到。     

金星蕨科药用植物化学成分与药理作用研究进展

目的:了解金星蕨科药用植物化学成分与药理作用研究近况。方法:通过文献检索及查阅相关书籍,查找近30年来国内、外有关金星蕨科药用植物的相关研究,并对其进行综述。结果:金星蕨科药用植物主要含黄酮类、香豆素类、生物碱类、有机酸类等化合物,其中黄烷-4-醇类是该科植物特征性成分。该科植物主要具有抗菌、抗肿瘤、抗炎镇痛、驱虫等作用。结论:金星蕨科药用植物的药理活性物质及临床应用有待于进一步发掘。     

Protective effect of phosphorylated Athyrium multidentatum (Doll.) Ching polysaccharide on vascular endothelial cells in vitro and in vivo

The purpose of this study was to prepare phosphorylated Athyrium multidentatum (Doll.) Ching polysaccharide (PPS) and investigate its protective effect on vascular endothelial cells (VECs) in vitro and in vivo and the underlying mechanisms. Sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) and sodium trimetaphosphate (STMP) were used as phosphorylation reagents and PPS was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance (¹³C NMR) and ³¹P nuclear magnetic resonance (³¹P NMR) spectra. Chemical analysis demonstrated that PPS was composed of mannose, glucosamine, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, galactosamine, glucose, galactose, xylose, arabinose, and fucose with a molar ratio of 11.36:0.42:4.03:1.12:1.81:0.26:33.25:24.12:6.85:14.46:2.32 and a molecular weight of 28,837 Da. Results from in vitro and in vivo assays revealed that PPS protected human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) against H₂O₂-induced oxidative injury and attenuated D-galactose-induced VECs damage in mice. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis identified 18 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between D-galactose-treated and PPS-pretreated mice abdominal aorta. A deep analysis of these DEGs disclosed that PPS regulated the expression of genes involved in the functions of vascular endothelium repairment, cell growth and proliferation, cell survival and apoptosis, inflammation, angiogenesis and antioxidant, indicating that these biological processes might play crucial roles in the protective actions of PPS on VECs.     

乌苏里瓦韦及其再生植株的利尿作用研究

目的 探讨乌苏里瓦韦利尿作用的机制，对比乌苏里瓦韦及其再生植株的利尿作用。方法 运用网络药理学探讨乌苏里瓦韦的利尿作用机制；利用AutoDock Vina1.1.2软件进行活性成分和核心靶点的分子对接，采用Pymol2.5.0软件对最优结果进行可视化；通过体内试验测量小鼠口服药物后4 h内尿量，评价乌苏里瓦韦及其再生植株的利尿作用。结果 从乌苏里瓦韦中的41个候选化合物中筛选得到共1 791个药物靶点，将删除重复靶点后的327个药物靶点与从GeneCards数据库中以“Diuretic”为关键词检索得到的1 324个疾病靶点作Venn图，共得到119个交集基因。PPI网络节点度值排名前6的核心蛋白为MAPK3、VEGFA、AKT1、IL6、ALB、TNF，通过拓扑分析得到度值排名前3的候选化合物分子黄芩素、香叶木素、山柰酚。GO功能分析与KEGG通路富集分析结果表明，乌苏里瓦韦活性成分利尿作用机制主要与response to toxic substance、membrane raft等生物过程有关，参与的主要信号通路有神经活性配体-受体相互作用、HIF-1信号通路、氮代谢等。分子对接结果显示黄芩素、香叶木素及山柰酚均可与核心靶点进行较好的自发结合。体内试验中乌苏里瓦韦组（9.5 g·kg^-1）尿量增加了1.26倍，K⁺增加了1.31倍，Cl^-增加了1.24倍。乌苏里瓦韦再生植株组（9.5 g·kg^-1）尿量增加了1.26倍，K⁺增加了1.29倍，Cl^-增加了1.26倍。结论 网络药理学结果表明，乌苏里瓦韦利尿作用可能是多组分、多靶点、多途径作用的结果；通过体内药理试验验证了乌苏里瓦韦及乌苏里瓦韦再生植株具有相似的利尿作用。     

抱石莲生物检定的方法学考察

目的 建立中药抱石莲的生物检定法。方法 采用水提、醇提、水提醇沉等方法提取抱石莲有效成分,体外抑菌试验检测抱石莲中药提取物的抗菌活性及适用菌株和剂量范围,探索药物对敏感菌株的量效曲线,构建适用于一剂量法的效应模式。结果 抱石莲药材的水提物具有较好的抑菌活性,其对金黄色葡萄球菌(CMCC 26003)的抑菌圈直径达到17.39 mm;当抱石莲的浓度为0.25~1.50 g·mL^-1时,抱石莲的剂量对数和反应效应呈线性关系。结论 抱石莲生物检定法简单、合理、可行,可作为抱石莲质量控制的方法之一。     

中药败酱草的形态组织学研究——Ⅲ.菊科苦苣菜属、莴苣属和苦荬菜属植物

本文报道我国北方使用的来源于菊科植物的中药败酱草的生药形态组织学的研究结果,它们是:苣荬菜Sonchus arvensis L.S.、苦苣菜oleraceus L.圆耳苦苣菜S.asper (L.)Hill.紫花山莴苣Lactuca tatarica(L.)C.A.Mey.、中华苦荬菜Ixeris ccinensis(Thunb.)Nakai、抱茎苦荬菜I.sonchifolia Hance和苦荬菜I.denticulata(Houtt.)Stebb..文中附有生药组织图7幅以及上述生药的性状检索表和显微特征检索表.     

Anticonvulsant effect of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sclerocarya birrea</Emphasis> (A. Rich.) Hochst. subsp. <Emphasis Type="Italic">caffra</Emphasis> (Sond.) Kokwaro (Anacardiaceae) stem-bark aqueous extract in mice

Sclerocarya birrea (A.Rich.) Hochst. subsp. caffra (Sond.) Kokwaro (family: Anacardiaceae) is traditionally used in South African folk medicine for the treatment, management and control of a variety of human ailments, including childhood convulsions and epilepsy. In the present study, we have investigated the anticonvulsant activity of the plant’s stem-bark aqueous extract (SBE) against pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-, picrotoxin (PCT)-, and bicuculline (BCL)-induced seizures in mice. Phenobarbital and diazepam were used as reference anticonvulsant drugs for comparison. Like the reference anticonvulsant agents used, S. birrea SBE (100–800 mg/kg p.o.) significantly (P<0.05–0.001) delayed the onset of, and inhibited, PTZ-induced seizures. The plant extract (SBE, 100–800 mg/kg p.o.) also markedly inhibited PCT-induced seizures, but only weakly inhibited BCL-induced seizures. In general, the average onset of convulsion was delayed or inhibited, while the average duration of convulsion was not significantly altered (P>0.05). The plant extract also depressed the central nervous system. In conclusion, the findings of the present experimental animal study indicate that S. birrea SBE possesses anticonvulsant activity, thus lending pharmacological support to the suggested folkloric, ethnomedical uses of the plant extract in the management, control, and treatment of childhood convulsions and epilepsy in some rural communities of South Africa.     

泻白散及其主药体外抗氧化活性研究

目的 建立泻白散和方中3味主药甘草、地骨皮、桑白皮的体外抗氧化活性测定方法,并对31批药材和10批泻白散煎液的抗氧化活性进行测定。方法 采用紫外可见分光光度法检测一定浓度的药材提取液引起DPPH溶液吸光度（A）值降低,考察波长为517 nm,分别探索3味药材抗氧化活性成分的提取条件;并进行不同溶剂的吸收考察、专属性考察、DPPH线性考察、药材提取液线性考察、精密度试验、重复性试验、耐用性考察等方法学验证;以清除DPPH自由基的半抑制浓度（IC₅₀）作为评价指标,对泻白散和方中3味药材的体外抗氧化活性进行考察。结果 地骨皮、甘草、桑白皮和泻白散提取液的IC₅₀均值为0.31、1.24、1.49和0.91 g/L,泻白散提取工艺对方中药物抗氧化活性的保留均值为56%。结论 建立的抗氧化活性测定方法可用于泻白散及方中主药的抗氧化活性测定,为多维度评价中药和中药材质量提供新思路。     

GC–MS analysis of the lipophilic principles of Echinacea purpurea and evaluation of cucumber mosaic cucumovirus infection

An analytical GC–MS method based on nonpolar fused silica capillary column was developed to analyze the lipophilic constituents, mainly alkamides, from the root extracts of Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench. In particular, the proposed method was applied to evaluate the phytochemical impacts of cucumber mosaic cucumovirus (CMV) infection on the plant's lipophilic marker phytochemicals. Methanolic (70% v/v) extracts, obtained from root materials by ultrasonic treatments, were subjected to liquid–liquid extraction with n-hexane-ethyl acetate (1:1 v/v) to recover the lipophilic, volatile to semivolatile, principles. Seventeen components, including the 11 alkamides known to E. purpurea roots, were identified in the GC–MS traces of the analyzed fractions and efficiently separated in a turnaround time of 25 min. CMV infection was found to be responsible for significant variations in the relative compositions of the major constituents, in particular germacrene D, Dodeca-2E, 4E, 8Z, 10Z(E)-tetraenoic acid isobutylamide cis/trans isomers, Undeca-2Z, 4E-diene-8, 10-diynoic acid isobutylamide and Dodeca-2E, 4Z-diene-8, 10-diynoic acid isobutylamide.     

HPLC profile and antihyperglycemic effect of ethanol extracts of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Andrographis paniculata</Emphasis> in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Andrographis paniculata is a Malaysian traditional herb for treatment of fever-causing diseases and diabetes. The aim of the present study was to examine the antihyperglycemic effects of different extracts (95, 50, and 20% ethanol extracts and water extracts) of A. paniculata in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Only the treatment with 20% ethanol extract (at 1 g/kg for 7 h, p.o.) significantly (P < 0.01) reduced the rise in blood glucose levels in glucose-loaded rats. None of the different extracts (at 1 g/kg for 7 h, p.o.) significantly (P > 0.05) altered the blood glucose levels in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats as compared to the control group. However, administration of the 50 and 95% ethanol extracts (at 1 g/kg for 14 days, p.o.) significantly (P < 0.05) reduced fasting blood glucose and insulin levels in normal and diabetic rats compared to the pre-treatment level. HPLC profiles of the extracts were developed using andrographolide (AP) as a marker. The amounts of AP in 95, 50, and 20% ethanol extracts and water extracts were 25.8, 19.4, 2.0, and 0.8 mg/g of dry weight, respectively.     

莪术及其主要成分的药理作用研究进展

莪术是传统中药,具有行气破血、消积止痛的功效。莪术所含化学成分众多,挥发油类和姜黄素类等化合物为其主要活性成分。现代药理研究表明莪术具有抗肿瘤、心脑血管系统保护、免疫调节、保肝、镇痛抗炎、抗病毒、抑菌、降血糖、抗氧化等作用。通过查阅整理近年来国内外有关莪术化学成分研究和药理活性研究文献,对其主要药理作用等进行了综述,以期为莪术的药物开发及临床应用提供依据。