TACE联合索拉非尼治疗BCLC-C期肝癌的有效性及安全性

目的 观察TACE联合索拉非尼（Sorafenib）治疗巴塞罗那临床肝癌（BCLC）-C期肝细胞癌（HCC）的有效性和安全性。方法 回顾性分析73例BCLC-C期HCC患者,其中35例接受TACE联合索拉菲尼治疗（TACE+Sorafenib组）,38例单纯接受TACE治疗（TACE组）。比较2组治疗1个月后的疗效和不良反应,统计总生存期（OS）及疾病进展时间（TTP）。结果 术后1个月,TACE+Sorafenib组疾病控制率（DCR）高于TACE组（P=0.04）,2组客观缓解率（ORR）差异无统计学意义（P=0.32）。2组主要不良反应包括胃肠道反应、骨髓抑制、皮肤反应及肝功能异常,均无严重不良反应发生;TACE+Sorafenib组皮肤反应、口腔黏膜炎、高血压发生率高于TACE组（P均<0.05）。TACE+Sorafenib组中位OS为13.6个月,中位TTP为6.5个月,均高于TACE组（分别为6.5、3.3个月,P=0.004、0.007）。结论 TACE联合索拉非尼治疗BCLC-C期HCC安全、有效,可改善患者预后。     

对比TACE联合125I粒子与联合仑伐替尼治疗肝细胞癌伴门静脉癌栓的有效性及安全性

目的 对比TACE联合¹²⁵I粒子植入或仑伐替尼治疗肝细胞癌(HCC)伴门静脉癌栓(PVTT)的有效性及安全性。方法 回顾性分析52例HCC伴Ⅱ/Ⅲ型PVTT患者,分为TACE联合¹²⁵I粒子组(A组,n=27)及TACE联合仑伐替尼组(B组,n=25);比较2组客观缓解率(ORR)、总生存期(OS)及不良反应率。结果A组ORR、中位OS、Ⅱ型PVTT中位OS及Ⅲ型PVTT中位OS分别为70.37%(19/27)、13.6个月、14.1个月及13.2个月;B组分别为32.00%(8/25)、11.3个月、12.3个月及10.4个月;A组上述指标均优于B组(P均<0.05)。A组不良反应发生率为48.15%(13/27),均未见严重并发症;B组不良反应发生率为88.00%(22/25),5例(5/25,20.00%)出现严重药物毒性反应。结论 TACE联合¹²⁵I粒子治疗HCC伴PVTT的有效性及安全性均优于TACE联合仑伐替尼。     

载药栓塞微球TACE联合阿帕替尼及卡瑞利珠单抗治疗巨块型肝细胞癌

目的 观察载药栓塞微球TACE（D-TACE）联合阿帕替尼和卡瑞利珠单抗治疗巨块型肝细胞癌（HCC）的价值。方法 回顾性分析35例接受D-TACE序贯阿帕替尼和卡瑞利珠单抗治疗的巨块型HCC患者资料,记录其总生存期（OS）和无进展生存期（PFS）,评价客观反应率（ORR）、疾病控制率（DCR）及治疗相关不良事件（TRAE）。结果 35例联合治疗均成功。截止至末次随访,35例中位PFS为8.09个月,中位OS为20.00个月。联合治疗后1、3、6及12个月,ORR分别为65.71%（23/35）、71.43%（25/35）、65.71%（23/35）及60.71%（17/28）,DCR分别为94.29%（33/35）、88.57%（31/35）、80.00%（28/35）及67.86%（19/28）。联合治疗TRAE主要为1～2级,均经对症处理后缓解。结论 D-TACE联合阿帕替尼和卡瑞利珠单抗治疗巨块型HCC效果较佳且安全,不良反应可控。     

TACE联合卡瑞利珠单抗治疗中晚期肝细胞癌

目的 观察TACE联合卡瑞利珠单抗治疗中晚期肝细胞癌(HCC)的有效性和安全性。方法 纳入42例接受TACE联合卡瑞利珠单抗治疗的中晚期HCC患者(联合组),采用倾向性评分匹配法选择另外42例仅接受TACE治疗的中晚期HCC患者作为对照组,比较组间客观缓解率(ORR)及疾病控制率(DCR)差异;随访至2022年2月11日,记录患者总生存期(OS)、无进展生存期(PFS)及不良反应发生率。结果 联合组与对照组ORR分别为61.90%(26/42)及35.71%(15/42),DCR分别为92.86%(39/42)和69.05%(29/42),差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。随访时间为2.5~26.2个月,中位时间为20.2个月;联合组中位OS(19.3个月)长于对照组(13.6个月),差异有统计学意义(P=0.009)。联合组发生死亡事件的相对风险(HR)为0.456,即加用卡瑞利珠单抗使死亡风险降低54.40%。联合组中位PFS(12.9个月)长于对照组(8.4个月),差异有统计学意义(P=0.029),联合组复发HR为0.579,即加用卡瑞利珠单抗使复发风险降低42.10%。联合组29例(29/42,69.05%)出现与卡瑞利珠单抗相关的反应性皮肤毛细血管增生症,但均为1级不良反应,未出现3/4级不良反应,无因不良反应而停药病例。结论 TACE联合卡瑞利珠单抗治疗中晚期HCC安全、有效。     

常规TACE与药物洗脱微球TACE治疗CNLC Ⅱb和Ⅲa期肝细胞癌效果及患者预后影响因素

目的 对比观察常规TACE(cTACE)与药物洗脱微球TACE(DEB-TACE)治疗中国肝癌分期(CNLC)Ⅱb和Ⅲa期肝细胞癌(HCC)效果,分析预后影响因素。方法 回顾性分析91例CNLC Ⅱb或Ⅲa期HCC患者,其中47例接受cTACE(cTACE组)、44例接受DEB-TACE(DEB-TACE组);比较治疗后组间不良反应发生率及短期疗效[肿瘤客观缓解率(ORR)及疾病控制率(DCR)],统计患者总生存期(OS)及无进展生存期(PFS),观察TACE治疗HCC后患者OS的影响因素。结果 治疗后组间不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。DEB-TACE组首次[84.09%(37/44) vs. 63.83%(30/47),90.91%(40/44) vs. 74.47%(35/47),P=0.028、0.040]及再次[75.00%(33/44) vs. 55.32%(26/47),86.36%(38/44) vs. 68.09%(32/47),P=0.049、0.039]TACE后ORR和DCR均高于cTACE组。Ⅲa期HCC患者首次DEB-TACE后ORR和DCR高于首次cTACE后(P=0.035、0.027);中等肿瘤负荷患者首次DEB-TACE后ORR高于首次cTACE后(P=0.017),但DCR差异无统计学意义(P=0.182)。随访期间(中位随访时间25.0个月)组间OS和PFS差异均有统计学意义(χ²=6.631、10.172,P=0.006、0.001)。门静脉癌栓、肿瘤最大径≥5 cm及肿瘤数目≥4个均为TACE治疗HCC后患者OS的独立影响因素。结论 DEB-TACE用于治疗CNLC Ⅱb和Ⅲa期HCC效果优于cTACE,治疗CNLC Ⅲa期和中等肿瘤负荷患者短期效果更佳;门静脉癌栓、肿瘤大小及数目为TACE治疗HCC后患者预后的影响因素。     

肝动脉灌注化疗与经动脉化疗栓塞/栓塞治疗不可切除肝细胞癌疗效与安全性系统评价和Meta分析

背景与目的 肝细胞癌（HCC）是常见的恶性肿瘤之一。经动脉化疗栓塞（TACE）和经动脉栓塞（TAE）是不可切除HCC的常见治疗选择。近年来，肝动脉灌注化疗（HAIC）已用于治疗晚期HCC，并且取得了良好的治疗效果。但是，很少有研究直接将HAIC与TACE/TAE进行比较。因此，本研究旨在评估HAIC与TACE/TAE治疗不可切除HCC的疗效和安全性。方法 检索PubMed、OvidSP、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、万方数据库、中国知网及维普中文期刊数据库中截至2021年8月14日发表的有关HAIC和TACE/TAE治疗不可切除HCC的文献；提取总生存期（OS），无病生存期（PFS），客观反应率（ORR），疾病控制率（DCR）和不良事件等结局指标的相关数据，用Review Manager 5.4软件进行Meta分析。结果 最终共纳入5篇文献。Meta分析结果显示，HAIC组在OS（HR=0.39，95% CI=0.18~0.86，P= 0.02），ORR（RR=3.82，95% CI=2.41~6.04，P<0.000 01）和DCR（RR=1.52，95% CI=1.12~2.05，P=0.006）方面优于TACE/TAE组。并且，敏感度分析排除可能的异质性来源后，结果仍一致。HAIC组与TACE/TAE组之间PFS差异无统计学意义（HR=0.34，95% CI =0.11~1.04，P =0.06），但排除可能的异质性来源后，HAIC组的PFS优于TACE/TAE组（HR=0.56，95% CI=0.43~0.73，P<0.000 1）。对于任何等级的不良事件，HAIC组发生血小板减少症（RR=1.59，95% CI=1.04~2.44，P=0.03）和腹泻（RR=4.57，95% CI=2.01~10.37，P=0.003）的风险高于TACE/TAE组，而发生丙氨酸氨基转移酶升高（RR=0.57，95% CI=0.35~0.92，P=0.02）、高胆红素血症（RR=0.37，95% CI=0.26~0.53，P<0.000 01）的风险低于TACE/TAE组；对于3~4级不良事件，HAIC组发生白细胞减少症的风险高于TACE/TAE组（RR=6.32，95% CI=1.71~23.28，P=0.006）；无论是3~4级或任何等级的不良事件，HAIC组发生发热的风险低于TACE/TAE组（P<0.05）；两组的贫血、中性粒细胞减少症、低蛋白血症、腹痛、呕吐等发生情况差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。结论 与TACE/TAE相比，HAIC具有更好的肿瘤反应、更长的生存期以及可接受的不良反应，是不可切除HCC患者更好的治疗选择。     

对比乙型与丙型肝炎背景下肝细胞癌患者经微波消融治疗后预后

目的 对比观察微波消融（MWA）治疗乙型（HB）与丙型肝炎（HC）背景下肝细胞癌（HCC）的预后。方法 回顾性分析HCC伴HB（HB-HCC）及HCC伴HC（HC-HCC）各159例患者资料,比较组间肿瘤学结局,分析患者死因,观察HCC患者MWA后总生存期（OS）的危险因素。结果 HC-HCC组OS率低于HB-HCC组（P=0.045）,组间无病生存率（P=0.095）及癌症特异性生存率（P=0.189）差异均无统计学意义。相比HB-HCC组,HC-HCC组患者死于肝硬化并发症的风险更高（HR=2.339,P=0.043）。Child-Pugh B级（HR=3.082,P＜0.001）、肝炎病毒载量＞500 IU/ml（HR=1.654,P=0.006）及病灶最大径≥3.0 cm（HR=1.541,P=0.017）均为HCC患者MWA后OS的独立危险因素。结论 相比HB-HCC患者,HC-HCC患者MWA后OS较短。     

肝动脉灌注化疗联合仑伐替尼治疗巴塞罗那临床肝癌B或C期肝细胞癌

目的 观察肝动脉灌注化疗（HAIC）联合仑伐替尼治疗巴塞罗那临床肝癌（BCLC）B或C期肝细胞癌（HCC）效果,分析影响患者生存时间的因素。方法 回顾性分析104例BCLC B或C期HCC患者资料,根据治疗方案将其归入观察组（46例,接受HAIC联合仑伐替尼治疗）及对照组（58例,仅接受HAIC）;比较2组疗效、不良反应及患者总生存期（OS）和无进展生存期（PFS）,以Cox回归分析评估OS影响因素。结果 治疗后3、6个月,观察组改良实体瘤疗效评价标准（mRECIST）评估结果均优于对照组（P均＜0.05）;治疗后1年,组间mRECIST评估结果差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。观察组患者总生存率高于对照组（P＜0.05）,而组间无进展生存率差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。观察组皮疹发生率高于对照组（P＜0.05）。多因素Cox回归分析结果显示,相比单一HAIC,HAIC联合仑伐替尼［风险比（HR）=0.425,95%CI（0.255,0.791）］可延长患者OS;相比治疗前美国东部肿瘤协作组（ECOG）评分 1、AFP≥400 μg/ml、瘤灶数目≥3及BCLC C期,治疗前ECOG评分 0、AFP＜400 μg/ml、瘤灶数目≤2及BCLC B期均为HCC患者OS独立保护因素（P均＜0.05）。结论 HAIC联合仑伐替尼治疗BCLC B期或C期HCC安全、有效;治疗前ECOG评分、血清AFP水平、瘤灶数目及BCLC分期均为OS影响因素。     

微波消融同步联合经导管动脉化疗栓塞治疗膈下肝细胞癌

目的 观察微波消融（MWA）同步联合经导管动脉化疗栓塞（TACE）治疗膈下肝细胞癌（HCC）的效果。方法 回顾性分析119例接受介入治疗的原发性HCC患者,其中57例（63个膈下病灶）接受MWA同步联合TACE治疗（MWA+TACE组）,62例（71个膈下病灶）接受单纯TACE（TACE组）。术后定期随访复查,发现肿瘤残留时酌情行TACE或/和MWA。术后6个月复查腹部增强CT和/或MRI以评价疗效,记录TACE、MWA次数及并发症。结果 术后6个月内,MWA+TACE组接受1、2、3次TACE治疗者分别为29例、25例和3例;接受1、2、3次MWA治疗者分别为46例、10例及1例。TACE组接受1、2、3、4次TACE治疗者分别为8例、27例、25例及2例;组间TACE治疗次数差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）。术后6个月,MWA+TACE组客观缓解率（ORR）为82.54%（52/63）、疾病控制率（DCR）为90.48%（57/63）,TACE组分别为45.07%（32/71）、74.65%（53/71）,组间差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.05）。MWA+TACE组术后3例发生穿刺部位出血、2例气胸、1例肝脓肿,TACE组2例消化道出血、1例胆汁瘤伴感染,均较轻微,经积极对症处理后好转。随访期间均未见严重并发症及死亡。结论 MWA同步联合TACE治疗膈下HCC安全、有效。     

对比观察血管支架植入术与药物治疗青年脑梗死合并大脑中动脉狭窄效果

目的 对比观察脑血管支架植入术与药物治疗青年脑梗死合并大脑中动脉狭窄的效果。方法 71例（30~44岁）脑梗死合并大脑中动脉重度狭窄（狭窄率>70%）患者,分别接受常规口服药物治疗（药物组,n=39）和支架植入术（支架组,n=32）,比较2组相关指标。结果 支架组手术成功率100%,共植入32枚支架。2组患者入组时及随访3、6、12、24个月,改良Rankin量表（mRS）评分、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（NIHSS）评分组内比较差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.01）,mRS、NIHSS评分组间比较差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。随访期间药物组终点事件发生率、卒中再发率及再发卒中致残率（mRS评分≥ 2分）分别为20.51%（8/39）、20.51%（8/39）及20.51%（8/39）,支架组分别为6.25%（2/32）、3.13%（1/32）及3.13%（1/32）,2组间终点事件发生率差异无统计学意义（P=0.17）,支架组卒中复发率（P=0.04）及再发卒中致残率（P=0.04）均低于药物组。结论 相比药物治疗,植入支架可降低青年脑梗死合并大脑中动脉狭窄患者卒中复发率及致残率。     

维生素D受体在糖尿病肾病足细胞损伤及蛋白尿缓解中的作用

目的探讨维生素D受体(VDR)在糖尿病肾病(DKD)足细胞中的表达水平及在足细胞损伤及蛋白尿缓解中的作用。方法(1)本研究纳入了65例诊断患有2型糖尿病(伴或不伴蛋白尿)的患者,并纳入了25例年龄和性别相匹配的健康体检者为对照组。根据白蛋白/肌酐(ACR)的尿排泄比例对2型糖尿病患者进行分组,分别为无蛋白尿(ACR<30 mg/g,n=24)、微量白蛋白尿(ACR 30~300 mg/g,n=18)和临床蛋白尿(ACR>300 mg/g,n=23)。另选择25例经肾活检确诊的DKD患者作为DKD组。正常肾脏组织标本均取自泌尿外科同一时期肾脏肿瘤切除患者10例。将各组检测指标进行对比,同时采用实时定量PCR、ELISA法和免疫组化法检测VDR在各组患者的血液、尿液样本和肾脏组织中的表达情况,以及使用Pearson相关分析分析VDR与尿蛋白的相关性。(2)在2型糖尿病肾病小鼠模型中对上述结果进行验证,将遗传背景均为C57BLKs/J的雄性db/db小鼠及同窝出生的db/m小鼠,随机分为正常对照组(A组)、DKD对照组(B组)、DKD二甲基亚砜处理组(C组)、DKD帕立骨化醇(VDR激动剂)处理组(D组),C、D组连续腹腔注射处理8周,对照组不做任何处理。小鼠10周龄时开始连续干预8周,在小鼠22周龄(开始干预后12周)检测各组小鼠体重、血、尿生化指标对比;Western印迹法检测β⁃catenin、VDR的变化;免疫荧光观察足细胞标志蛋白podocin及足细胞损伤蛋白α⁃SMA的表达变化。结果(1)与正常健康对照组相比,无蛋白尿组、微量白蛋白尿组和临床蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05);与无蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者相比,微量白蛋白尿组和临床蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05)。(2)与正常健康对照组相比,无蛋白尿糖尿病组和DKD组患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05);与无蛋白尿糖尿病组患者相比,DKD组患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平亦较低(均P<0.05)。(3)免疫组化结果显示,DKD组肾组织中VDR的表达明显少于正常对照组。(4)DKD患者血浆中VDR mRNA相对水平与ACR呈负相关(r=-0.342,P<0.05)。(5)各组尿液上清液中VDR的水平与血浆中的水平呈相反趋势。(6)Western印迹结果显示,B组、C组肾小球足细胞β⁃catenin蛋白表达高于D组(均P<0.05),VDR蛋白的表达低于D组(均P<0.05);免疫荧光结果显示,B组、C组肾小球足细胞podocin的表达低于D组(均P<0.05),α⁃SMA的表达高于D组(均P<0.05)。结论VDR高表达缓解DKD足细胞损伤及蛋白尿。     

Anterior Interosseous Nerve Palsy After Shoulder Arthroscopy Treated With Surgical Decompression: A Case Series and Systematic Review of the Literature

Background: Anterior interosseous nerve (AIN) palsy is a very uncommon cause of upper extremity pain and weakness that comprises less than 1% of all upper extremity nerve palsies. Rarely reported but also mentioned in the literature is AIN palsy after shoulder arthroscopy. Methods: A systematic review of the literature to date using PubMed was conducted to identify patients who suffered AIN palsy after shoulder arthroscopy procedures. Articles included met the following criteria: (1) published in English; (2) primary presentation of the data; (3) patients had undergone shoulder arthroscopy before developing symptoms of AIN palsy; and (4) diagnosis was confirmed with clinical symptoms of AIN palsy. Measured outcomes included patient demographics, specific shoulder procedure, anesthesia procedure, intra-operative patient positioning, intra-operative compressive dressing, intra-operative traction, surgical versus conservative treatment, abnormal findings during decompression procedure, proposed mechanism of injury, and follow-up. Results: The search yielded 6 articles, of which 4 (13 cases) met inclusion criteria. An additional 2 cases were included in this report totaling 15 cases. The average patient age was 49 years (range: 31-64) with 73% males. At average follow-up of 24 months, 67% of patients experienced complete resolution of symptoms—more than half of which underwent surgical decompression. Patients who failed to progress experienced weakness of the flexor digitorum profundus and flexor pollicis longus muscles. Conclusions: Proposed injury mechanisms for AIN palsy after shoulder arthroscopy range from mechanical trauma, compressive hematoma, and direct anesthetic neurotoxicity. Management should be directed by clinical symptoms, imaging, and patient factors with majority of patients expected to have excellent clinical outcomes.     

不同尿钙水平的Gitelman综合征患者临床特点比较

目的观察不同尿钙水平Gitelman综合征(GS)患者的临床特点,探讨尿钙在GS疾病临床分型中的价值。方法收集2016—2018年来自中国国家罕见病注册系统(NRSC)、在北京协和医院行SLC12A3基因检测诊断为GS患者的临床资料,分析其尿钙特点,比较不同尿钙水平患者的临床和实验室检查指标。氢氯噻嗪试验按照标准操作流程进行,测定患者基线和用药后3 h内氯离子排泄分数改变量的最大值(ΔFECl)。结果共有83例GS患者被纳入研究,其中低尿钙患者53例(63.86%)。低尿钙组尿钙/肌酐比明显低于非低尿钙组[(0.085±0.058)mmol/mmol比(0.471±0.284)mmol/mmol,t=7.349,P<0.001]。两组患者在年龄、性别、估算肾小球滤过率、血压、血尿电解质水平、代谢性碱中毒方面差异均无统计学意义。低尿钙组患者乏力(χ2=4.595,P=0.032)及多尿(χ2=5.778,P=0.016)发生比例低于非低尿钙组,两组患者在其他临床症状方面差异无统计学意义。低尿钙和非低尿钙组各有16例患者行氢氯噻嗪试验,中位ΔFECl结果分别为0.539%(0.430%,1.283%)和0.829%(0.119%,1.298%),均提示对氢氯噻嗪无反应,组间差异无统计学意义(U=130.000,P=0.956)。结论GS患者中低尿钙比例为63.86%,尿钙水平与疾病临床表型、NCC功能损伤严重程度之间均无明确相关性。     

Role of Conventional and Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Spinal Treatment Protocol for Hydatid Disease

Objective:

To demonstrate the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in determining the treatment protocol for hydatid disease of the spine.

Design:

Case report; literature review.

Findings:

Diffusion-weighted MRI can help differentiate complicated infected hydatidosis from abscesses, epidermoid cysts from arachnoid cysts, and benign from malignant vertebral compression fractures. It is also helpful in differentiating between abscesses and necrotic tumors.

Conclusion:

Diffusion-weighted MRI can help differentiate between infections requiring immediate surgery and those that can be treated medically with antihelmintic treatment.     

Fibrinogen-thrombin collagen patch reinforcement of highrisk colonic anastomoses in rats

AIM To evaluate the effectiveness of human fibrinogenthrombin collagen patch(TachoSil~?) in the reinforcement of high-risk colon anastomoses.METHODS A quasi-experimental study was conducted in Wistar rats(n = 56) that all underwent high-risk anastomoses(anastomosis with only two sutures) after colectomies. The rats were divided into two randomized groups: Control group(24 rats) and treatment group(24 rats). In the treatment group, high-risk anastomosis was reinforced with TachoSil~? (a piece of Tacho Sil? was applied over this high-risk anastomosis, covering the gap). Leak incidence, overall survival, intra-abdominal adhesions, and histologic healing of anastomoses were analyzed. Survivors were divided into two subgroups and euthanized at 15 and 30 d after intervention in order to analyze the adhesions and histologic changes. RESULTS Overall survival was 71.4% and 57.14% in the TachoSil~? group and control group, respectively(P = 0.29); four rats died from other causes and six rats in the treatment group and 10 in the control group experienced colonic leakage(P 0.05). The intra-abdominal adhesion score was similar in both groups, with no differences between subgroups. We found non-significant differences in the healing process according to the histologic score used in both groups(P = 0.066).CONCLUSION In our study, the use of TachoSil~? was associated with a non-statistically significant reduction in the rate of leakage in high-risk anastomoses. TachoSil~? has been shown to be a safe product because it does not affect the histologic healing process or increase intra-abdominal adhesions.     

Fluorescence in the Sclera,Nails, and Teeth Secondary to Favipiravir Use for COVID-19 Infections

Favipiravir, an antiviral agent originally used for influenza infections, has become popular due to its beneficial signals in coronavirus disease. It is currently used in some countries within COVID-19 treatment protocols. This is an initial report of favipiravir-related fluorescence observed in three healthcare providers working in the same ward in our hospital. All three individuals had been diagnosed with COVID-19 two months earlier and were treated with favipiravir. None of the three individuals received hydroxychloroquine or tetracyclines. Wood’s light examination led to an incidental discovery of favipiravir-induced fluorescence involving the sclera, nails, and teeth. In all patients, white linear, square, and band-like specks of fluorescence were noticed on the sclera of both eyes, some teeth, and the proximal part of all fingernails and toenails. Exposure of the eyes to the Wood’s light was for a brief duration of 3 to 5 seconds during examination and photodocumentation. Favipiravir might cause bright white fluorescence of nails, sclera, and teeth, detectable by Wood’s light even two months after its cessation.     

Safety and tolerability of single intravenous doses of sugammadex administered simultaneously with rocuronium or vecuronium in healthy volunteers

BACKGROUND: Sugammadex rapidly reverses rocuronium- and vecuronium-induced neuromuscular block. To investigate the effect of combination of sugammadex and rocuronium or vecuronium on QT interval, it would be preferable to avoid the interference of anaesthesia. Therefore, this pilot study was performed to investigate the safety, tolerability, and plasma pharmacokinetics of single i.v. doses of sugammadex administered simultaneously with rocuronium or vecuronium to anaesthetized and non-anaesthetized healthy volunteers. METHODS: In this phase I study, 12 subjects were anaesthetized with propofol/remifentanil and received sugammadex 16, 20, or 32 mg kg(-1) combined with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1); four subjects were not anaesthetized and received sugammadex 32 mg kg(-1) with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1) (n=2 per treatment). Neuromuscular function was assessed by TOF-Watch SX monitoring in anaesthetized subjects and by clinical tests in non-anaesthetized volunteers. Sugammadex, rocuronium, and vecuronium plasma concentrations were measured at several time points. RESULTS: No serious adverse events (AEs) were reported. Fourteen subjects reported 23 AEs after study drug administration. Episodes of mild headache, tiredness, cold feeling (application site), dry mouth, oral discomfort, nausea, increased aspartate aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyltransferase levels, and moderate injection site irritation were considered as possibly related to the study drug. The ECG and vital signs showed no clinically relevant changes. Rocuronium/vecuronium plasma concentrations declined faster than those of sugammadex. CONCLUSIONS: Single-dose administration of sugammadex 16, 20, or 32 mg kg(-1) in combination with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1) was well tolerated with no clinical evidence of residual neuromuscular block, confirming that these combinations can safely be administered simultaneously to non-anaesthetized subjects. Rocuronium and vecuronium plasma concentrations decreased faster than those of sugammadex, reducing the theoretical risk of neuromuscular block developing over time.     

罗伊适应模式对腹股沟疝无张力疝修补术后恢复情况的影响

目的探讨罗伊适应模式对患者腹股沟疝无张力疝修补术后恢复情况的影响。 方法将2016年1月至2019年5月在秦皇岛市第二医院择期进行无张力修补术治疗的120例腹股沟疝患者，按照随机数字法分为对照组和观察组，每组各60例。对照组采用常规护理治疗，观察组在对照组的基础上采用罗伊适应模式。比较2组患者的术后临床指标、心理状态、围手术期并发症发生情况及满意度。 结果术后观察组患者的首次排气时间、恢复正常饮食时间、离床活动时间和术后住院时间均低于对照组（P<0.05）；术后观察组患者的抑郁自评量表（SDS）和焦虑自评量表（SAS）评分显著低于对照组（P<0.05）；术后2组患者均无切口感染发生，2组患者尿潴留、急性疼痛、认知功能障碍、发热、血肿等发生率相比无统计学差异（P>0.05）；术后观察组患者护理满意度为96.67%，显著高于对照组的83.33%（P<0.05）。 结论在常规护理的基础上，罗伊适应模式用于患者腹股沟疝无张力修补围手术期，能有效改善术后患者的焦虑/抑郁情绪，不增加围手术期并发症，促进术后患者的恢复及提高治疗满意度。     

Factors Associated With Reoperation After Silicone Proximal Interphalangeal Joint Arthroplasty

Background: Silicone proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint arthroplasty has a high revision rate. It has been suggested that persistent ulnar deviation and joint instability influence the durability of PIP silicone arthroplasties. The goal of this study was to evaluate what factors are associated with reoperation after silicone PIP arthroplasty. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated all adult patients who underwent PIP silicone arthroplasty between 2002 and 2016 at one institutional system for inflammatory-, posttraumatic-, and primary degenerative arthritis. After manual chart review, we included 91 patients who underwent 114 arthroplasties. Fingers operated included 14 index, 41 middle, 38 ring, and 21 small fingers. Results: The overall reoperation rate was 14% (n = 16). Non-Caucasian race (P = .040), smoking (P = .022) and PIP silicone arthroplasty for post-traumatic osteoarthritis (P = .021) were associated with reoperation. The 1-, 5- and 10-year implant survival rates were 87%, 85%, and 85%, respectively. Conclusion: Caution should be exercised when considering PIP silicone arthroplasty of the index finger or in patients with post-traumatic osteoarthritis. It may be worthwhile addressing smoking behavior before pursuing silicone PIP arthroplasty.     

血浆凝血因子VIII水平与IgA肾病患者临床病理改变及预后的关系

目的探讨血浆凝血因子VIII(factor VIII,FVIII)水平与IgA肾病(IgAN)患者临床参数及预后的关系。方法收集2016年1月至2016年12月中南大学湘雅二医院确诊的IgAN患者的临床资料。按照时间依赖的受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)得出的血浆FVIII预测IgAN预后的临界值,将患者分为高FVIII组(FVIII>140.50%)和低FVIII组(FVIII≤140.50%),比较两组患者肾活检时基线临床参数的差异。以估算肾小球滤过率(eGFR)下降≥30%或进入终末期肾脏病(ESRD)为终点事件,采用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线及Cox回归方程法分析血浆FVIII水平对IgAN患者预后的影响。结果共93例IgAN患者纳入本研究,中位随访时间为35.15(33.77,36.76)个月,12例(12.90%)患者发生终点事件。高FVIII组患者年龄、血肌酐、尿素氮、血三酰甘油、血总胆固醇、血浆纤维蛋白原、D-二聚体、24 h尿蛋白量、蛋白C、蛋白S和eGFR下降速率高于低FVIII组(均P<0.05);eGFR、血白蛋白、中位随访时间低于低FVIII组(均P<0.05)。Kaplan-Meier生存分析结果显示,与低FVIII组比较,高FVIII组患者肾脏累积生存率降低(χ2=5.635,P=0.018)。在校正收缩压、eGFR、尿蛋白、肾小管萎缩/间质纤维化程度等因素后,多因素Cox回归分析结果显示,高血浆FVIII水平是IgAN患者肾脏预后不良的独立危险因素(HR=4.147,95%CI 1.055~16.308,P=0.042)。结论血浆FVIII水平与IgAN患者临床指标及预后相关,高血浆FVIII水平是IgAN患者肾脏预后不良的独立危险因素。