眼动追踪技术在抑郁症中的诊断应用

抑郁症是以持久显著的心境低落为主要临床特征的精神障碍。特异性评估抑郁症的指标和技术仍然是一个难题，寻找高效、准确的抑郁症诊断方法一直是研究的热点。已有大量的研究证明抑郁症患者存在眼动数据的异常。文章概述了眼动技术在抑郁症诊断中的应用情况，主要在基本指标、实验范式和对注意力偏向的识别方面进行阐述，并对将来的研究方向进行探讨。     

眼动追踪技术应用于抑郁障碍患者注意偏向观察的研究进展

抑郁障碍是一种常见的精神疾病,初期诊断以及及时干预对疾病的预后非常重要。目前 临床诊断仍基于症状学,疾病的诊断可能会受到临床医生主观认知的影响,缺乏客观依据。近年来,由 于眼动追踪技术的出现,能够帮助临床医生寻找潜在的客观指标,对抑郁障碍的诊断有一定意义。现总 结并归纳了抑郁障碍患者的注意偏向的特点以及眼动追踪技术对抑郁障碍的诊断及干预的研究进展。     

眼动脱敏与再加工在伴创伤症状的抑郁症治疗中应用的研究进展

抑郁症是一种常见心境障碍，复发率高，且相当比例的患者存在残留症状。研究发现抑郁症患者的创伤症状与其残留症状、复发均存在明显的相关关系，因此在抑郁症患者中干预创伤，可能是改善疾病症状及预后的有效手段。眼动脱敏与再加工是干预创伤的一种常用心理疗法，现就其在伴有创伤症状的抑郁症中的应用进展进行综述。     

认知训练在抑郁症治疗中的作用研究进展

认知训练用于治疗抑郁症逐渐受到关注。研究中使用的方法主要有注意训练、工作记忆 训练、元认知训练以及正念训练。目前针对抑郁症的认知训练中发现患者的注意、工作记忆等方面有 显著改善（即近迁移）,并且抑郁情绪、思维反刍、自杀观念等症状也会随认知功能的改善得到缓解（即远 迁移）。未来的研究应关注患者的个体差异对结果的影响,并且完善评估手段以考察认知训练在各个方 面的效果。     

眼动追踪技术在脑卒中患者康复中的应用进展

眼睛作为接受外界信息的重要感官,与患者认知和活动息息相关。眼动追踪能够识别脑卒中患者的眼动特征并给予视觉反馈,在疾病的康复和监测中有重要作用。本文介绍了眼动追踪的概述以及在脑卒中后失语、认知障碍、改善平衡和肢体功能障碍方面的应用,以期为眼动追踪技术在脑卒中康复中的应用提供依据。     

抑郁症和精神分裂症的快眼动睡眠研究

目的探讨抑郁症与精神分裂症的快眼动（ＲＥＭ）睡眠特征。方法用睡眠实验技术对正常受试者、抑郁症和精神分裂症患者各３０例进行多导睡眠图的通夜描录，并结合临床指标，对三组受试者的９项ＲＥＭ睡眠指标进行对照分析。结果抑郁症和精神分裂症有着不同的ＲＥＭ睡眠特征。抑郁症ＲＥＭ睡眠潜伏期（ＲＬ）缩短，ＲＥＭ活动度、强度、密度增高和睡眠次数增多，汉米尔顿抑郁量表分与ＲＬ呈负相关。精神分裂症ＲＥＭ睡眠指标个体间差异大，１０例患者睡眠图的觉醒阶段中发现ＲＥＭ睡眠的插入现象。结论研究抑郁症有异常ＲＥＭ睡眠指标，而ＲＬ则为反映抑郁程度的特殊指标；ＲＥＭ睡眠的插入代表了部分精神分裂症患者的电生理特征     

抑郁症神经认知功能障碍的研究进展及其心理评估

神经认知功能障碍是抑郁症患者的重要临床表现之一，主要表现为精神运动速度、注意力、学习和视觉记忆以及执行功能等多个领域的普遍下降，而经抗抑郁药物治疗后，这些损害均可改善。认知功能的早期变化可预测远期抗抑郁治疗的效果，使用经过验证的认知测量工具将促进对认知功能障碍的进一步理解，探索发现药物治疗前后的神经认知功能变化规律。     

VR眼动追踪对孤独症患儿的干预效果

目的 分析虚拟现实（VR）眼动追踪技术对孤独症患儿行为发育的影响。方法 选择符合纳入标准的62例（2022年1月～2022年12月）孤独症患儿作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组各31例。对照组采用常规干预方法,观察组在对照组基础上使用VR眼动追踪技术进行干预。分别在于预前和干预6个月后,使用孤独症治疗评估量表（ATEC）判断患儿症状变化情况;使用发育水平及简式育儿压力问卷（PSI-SF）评定患儿的发育水平及家属育儿压力;使用儿童孤独症评定量表（CARS）评定患儿症状。结果 干预6个月后,2组患儿语言/沟通、社会交往、感觉/认知、健康行为评分均低于干预前（P<0.05）;且观察组各项评分低于对照组（P<0.05）。干预6个月后,2组育儿愁苦、亲子互动失调、困难儿童及总分低于干预前（P<0.05）,且观察组各项评分低于对照组（P<0.05）。干预6个月后,2组患儿自闭症儿童心理教育评估量表（PEP-3）评分高于干预前（P<0.05）,CARS评分低于干预前（P<0.05）。结论 VR眼动追踪技术用于孤独症能激发患儿的兴趣,促进人格发育,改善...     

扫视眼动在帕金森病临床评估中的应用研究

目的:扫视眼动能够快速完整地反映以基底节(basal ganglia,BG)为枢纽的神经网络执行过程,及时反映BG的工作状态和异常眼动情况.鉴于BG环路的复杂性,目前尚不清楚扫视行为影响帕金森病(Parkinson's disease,PD)的机制.本研究通过监测早期PD患者的扫视眼动特征,探讨扫视眼动与PD疾病进展之...     

抑郁症患者的睡眠特征与认知功能的相关性

抑郁症、睡眠改变及认知功能损伤间存在复杂的双向关系。认知功能损伤是抑郁症患者社会功能损害及复发的重要因素;抑郁症患者的睡眠改变具有入睡困难、睡眠持续性差、总睡眠时间减少等特点,其中快速动眼期密度增加及其潜伏期的缩短最具特异性,可能与抑郁症患者认知功能损伤间存在相关性。因此,通过对快速动眼期的潜伏期及占比等指标的监测,可能为抑郁症患者睡眠情况、疾病的严重程度及认知功能的监测提供客观指标。     

Increased REM eye movement density in self-rated depression

Zung depression scores were positively related to eye movement density in a sample of 19 noncomplaining young adult males. The subjects were not clinically depressed and had average scores on the Depression Scale of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. There was no relation of Zung depression to rapid eye movement (REM) latency, stage 3 and stage 4 sleep, or REM in the first third of the sleep period. The finding is consistent with the hypothesis of a disinhibition or phase lead of REM sleep phasic events in depression.     

探索性眼球轨迹运动对精神分裂症的诊断作用

目的：探讨探索性眼球轨迹运动检查在精神分裂症诊断中的作用。方法：应用眼球轨迹运动标记记录仪对81例精神分裂症患者,81名正常对照人群进行测试,比较眼球轨迹运动的组间差异。结果：81例精神分裂症患者的判别分析值结果获正分67例,负分14例,D分值敏感性82．7％;81名正常对照人群获正分7例,负分74例,D分值的特异性91．4％;眼球轨迹运动的各项指标在精神分裂症组与正常对照人群比较其差异有非常显著性（P〈0．01）,且不受患者发病年龄、性别、受教育年限、不同病程及精神分裂症不同临床症状的影响（P〉0．05）。结论：精神分裂症患者眼球轨迹运动的敏感性较高,对精神分裂症辅助诊断有重要的价值,探究性眼球轨迹运动可能是精神分裂症的生物学指标。     

The cholinergic rapid eye movement induction test with arecoline in depression

The cholinergic rapid eye movement (REM) induction test using arecoline hydrobromide, a cholinergic muscarinic receptor agonist, was studied in patients with affective disorder and in normal controls to determine whether or not depression is associated with enhanced induction of REM sleep by muscarinic agonists. Arecoline induced REM sleep in a dose-dependent fashion in both patients and controls compared with placebo infusions. Compared with normal controls, patients entered REM sleep significantly more rapidly following intravenous administration of 1.0 mg of arecoline hydrobromide than they did following administration of 0.5 mg of arecoline hydrobromide or placebo. These results, as well as those of previous studies, support the hypothesis that patients with affective disorder show a functional supersensitive induction of REM sleep in response to muscarinic receptor agonists and may be consistent with the hypothesis that functional muscarinic receptor "up regulation" is associated with depression.     

Deficits in cue detection underlie event-based prospective memory impairment in major depression: an eye tracking study

This study examined the cue detection in the non-focal event-based prospective memory (PM) of individuals with and without a major depressive disorder using behavioural and eye tracking assessments. The participants were instructed to search on each trial for a different target stimulus that could be present or absent and to make prospective responses to the cue object. PM tasks included cue only and target plus cue, whereas ongoing tasks included target only and distracter only. The results showed that a) participants with depression performed more poorly than those without depression in PM; b) participants with depression showed more fixations and longer total and average fixation durations in both ongoing and PM conditions; c) participants with depression had lower scores on accuracy in target-plus-cue trials than in cue-only trials and had a higher gaze rate of targets on hits and misses in target-plus-cue trials than did those without depression. The results indicate that the state of depression may impair top-down cognitive control function, which in turn results in particular deficits in the engagement of monitoring for PM cues.     

Children with major depression show reduced rapid eye movement latencies

A substantial body of research in adults has established that certain sleep polysomnographic abnormalities are commonly found in depressed patients, including sleep continuity disturbances, reduced slow-wave sleep, shortened rapid eye movement (REM) latency, and increased REM density. To date, these abnormalities have not been documented in depressed children compared with age-matched controls. Three consecutive nights of polysomnographic recordings were obtained in 25 hospitalized depressed children and 20 age-matched healthy controls. The depressed patients had reduced REM latencies. The shortest single-night REM latency of each individual was the most sensitive discriminating value between depressed subjects and controls. The influence of different scoring criteria in distinguishing depressed children from healthy children is discussed. In addition, depressed children had an increased sleep latency and increased REM time but did not have stage 4 differences.     

Latency of eye movement and other REM sleep parameters in bipolar depression

Parameters of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep were measured in 10 endogenous bipolar depressive drug-free patients and in healthy subjects. A significant reduction of eye movement latency and larger standard deviations in the values for activity and density of eye movement were found in the depressed patients. The method applied in this study, embodying an aspect of cybernetic theory in pattern recognition, proved very useful for the elaboration of the biological data.     

Validation of a clinical antisaccadic eye movement test in the assessment of dementia

The ability to generate antisaccades (eye movements deliberately made in the direction opposite to that of a visual stimulus) may be used to assess central nervous system function in a variety of neurologic and psychiatric disorders. However, the usefulness of this paradigm in clinical practice is limited by the need for an oculographic laboratory. We describe a clinical version of such an antisaccadic task and present normative data from 332 subjects. We also examined clinical antisaccades and cognitive performance in 30 patients with Alzheimer's disease, five patients with Huntington's disease, and 12 patients with pseudodementia. In Alzheimer's disease, error rates in the clinical antisaccadic test correlated well with those from a laboratory-based antisaccadic task measured on the same day by infrared oculography, confirming that the clinical antisaccadic test is a valid analog of the more sophisticated laboratory paradigms. Clinical antisaccadic error rates correlated strongly with the severity of dementia in Alzheimer's disease, and correlations with cognitive performance suggested that the clinical antisaccadic test may have some specificity for frontal lobe dysfunction. Patients with pseudodementia had normal clinical antisaccadic error rates, and the test may therefore be of use in differentiating dementia from pseudodementia. This clinical antisaccadic test provides a simple, reliable, and inexpensive quantitative clinical tool that is of value in the assessment of disturbances of higher cortical function.