超声诊断胰腺巨大神经纤维瘤1例

患者男 ,6 3岁 ,因嗳气、上腹闷痛伴乏力 1个月前来就诊。查体 :左上腹触及一包块 ,质韧 ,活动性差。超声检查 :患者剑突下至左上腹、脾肾间隙内探及11cm× 11cm× 7cm囊实混合性包块 ,边界尚清 ,形态不规则 ,未见明显包膜回声 ,包块内部回声不均质 ,中央部以囊性为主 ,周边为低回声实性部分 ,形状极不规则 (见图 ) ,CDFI观察实性部分内可见星点样血流信号。此包块将腹腔动脉向上抬起、肠系膜上动脉向下挤压变形。胰腺未显像。肝胆脾肾未见异常。超声诊断 :左上腹混合性包块 ,胰腺囊腺癌可能性大。血管造影及CT均提示胰尾囊腺癌。手术见…     

伴有破骨细胞样巨细胞的胰腺未分化癌超声表现1例

患者女,58岁.3 d前无意中发现腹部一包块就诊.查体:左上腹部可触及一约6.0 cm×5.0 cm大小肿块,质韧,表面光滑.活动度好.超声检查:左上腹见一实性肿块,胰头胰颈显示清晰,与胰体关系密切,胰尾隐约可见,活动度较大,大小约7.0cm×5.0 cm,边界清楚,中等回声,略欠均匀(图1),肿块内测及丰富的动脉样血流信号,阻力指数0.71(图2).     

腹腔囊性淋巴管瘤1例的超声表现

患者女,58岁。以腹部肿物1周就诊。彩超检查:于左中腹探及7.19cm×7.10cm的囊性无回声区,边界清晰,囊壁菲薄,光滑,后方回声增强,内部透声良好,彩色多普勒血流显像(CDFI)示囊内及周边未见血流信号(图1),该无回声区随腹式呼吸似有活动。超声诊断:左中腹囊性占位(腹腔囊性淋巴管瘤     

成人胃重复畸形超声表现1例

患者男,38岁.因口渴多饮1年就诊.一般情况良好,腹部平软,未扪及包块.血糖血脂增高,余实验室检查均在正常范围内.超声检查:左上腹脾胃之间脾内上方可见3.4 cm×3.0 cm边界清晰、包膜完整的稍低回声实性占位,未见明显血流信号.超声诊断:左上腹脾胃之间实性占位(性质待查)(图1).CT检查:脾胃间占位性病变,CT值24 Hu,乏血供,良性可能性大.手术探查肿物来源于胃底与脾上极之间,大小约3.0cm×4.0 cm,质韧,向外生长.病理所见:胃底浆膜面见-3.7cm隆起,剖开隆起切面,见一4.0 cm囊腔,单房,色泽与胃壁相似,与胃腔不相通,内充满坏死物.镜下所见:肿物内面被覆消化道黏膜,大部分坏死,肿物的平滑肌层与胃肌层相延续.病理诊断结果为胃重复.     

超声诊断异位嗜铬细胞瘤1例

患者 ,男 ,36岁 ,因两月前无意发现左上腹有一拳头大小的包块而就诊。查体 :左上腹有一 5ｃｍ× 5ｃｍ大小的肿块 ,质硬、光滑、无压痛。肝脾未触及肿大 ,肠鸣音正常 ,体温 36.2℃、脉搏 84次 ｍｉｎ、呼吸 2 1次 ｍｉｎ、血压 10 5 75ｍｍＨｇ( 14 10ｋｐａ)。超声所见 :左上腹探及一 8.8ｃｍ× 9ｃｍ复合性肿块 ,内部见不规则实质性高回声及囊性暗区呈偏心性分布 ,其内可见纤细的条形带状回声 (图 1)。实质部分高回声内可探及血流信号。肿块随呼吸动度而运动 ,运动幅度与其上方的脾、左肾等不一致。超声诊断 :左上腹复合性占位 (嗜铬…     

1例脾脏癌肉瘤CT表现

<正>患者女,56岁,间断左上腹隐痛1年余;既往无特殊病史。查体：左上腹轻压痛,无反跳痛,脾脏肋缘下5 cm。肿瘤标志物：CA-125 48.334 U/ml, 甲胎蛋白793.152 ng/ml。腹部超声：左上腹脾胃间隙内11.4 cm×14.7 cm不均匀回声占位,外形尚规则,部分边界不清,CDFI见彩色血流信号。腹部CT:平扫脾脏前部9.7 cm×12.5 cm×14.0 cm近球形混杂密度肿块,边界不清,内见不规则低密度区,     

胰腺尾部实性假乳头状瘤的影像学诊断分析1例

患者女,10岁。因体检时偶然发现脾脏肿大,遂来我院行超声检查。术前超声发现(图1、2):在左上腹部,脾脏下方可探及1个10cm&#215;8.3cm回声不均质的类圆形团块,边界规则,有包膜,暗晕不明显。团块与胰腺尾部紧邻,内见杂乱实性回声与液性暗区,实性区域内可见血流信号,呈低阻动脉频谱,最大血流速度为46cm/s,RI:0.51。脾脏长度为7.1cm,脾门厚度为3.9cm。超声诊断:左侧上腹部混合性团块,考虑与胰腺尾部有关。脾大。CT(图3、4)示胰腺左后方与脾脏之间可见1个巨大软组织肿块影,病灶内见不规则低密度区,肿块实质密度较高,增强扫描病灶呈轻中度强化,病灶与周围组织分界较清晰;胰腺体尾部明显受压变薄。脾大。CT诊断:胰腺左后方与脾脏之间巨大占位(性质考虑为间叶组织肿瘤)。胃镜检查提示胃外占位性病变。实验室检查未见异常。术中所见肿瘤位于胃体及脾脏后方,肿瘤直径约10cm,边缘光滑。胰尾部与肿瘤粘连严重,中间无明显包膜,肿图2左上腹混合性团块考虑与胰腺尾部有关声像图显示轻中度不均匀强化,病灶与周围组织分界较清晰,胰腺体尾部受压变薄图3病灶CT增强扫描图显示肿瘤与周边组织分界清晰图4病灶冠状CT重建图瘤与脾静脉及脾...     

伴有破骨细胞样巨细胞的胰腺未分化癌超声表现1例

患者女,58岁.3 d前无意中发现腹部一包块就诊.查体:左上腹部可触及一约6.0 cm×5.0 cm大小肿块,质韧,表面光滑.活动度好.超声检查:左上腹见一实性肿块,胰头胰颈显示清晰,与胰体关系密切,胰尾隐约可见,活动度较大,大小约7.0cm×5.0 cm,边界清楚,中等回声,略欠均匀(图1),肿块内测及丰富的动脉样血流信号,阻力指数0.71(图2).     

脾脏硬化性血管瘤样结节性转化超声表现1例

正患者女,27岁,因体检发现脾门区肿瘤入院。超声检查:脾脏切面形态失常,实质点状强回声分布不均匀,脾门区可见一个大小为5.2 cm×4.3 cm×4.7 cm的团状低回声向脾脏内凸起,边界欠清晰,内回声不均匀,可见高回声条索样分隔,呈"分叶状"改变。脾门区脾静脉受压迫(图1);CDFI示上述肿块内可见血流信号,周边可见多条血管由肿块表面直插入肿块中心,呈"轮辐状"(图2)。超声提示:脾门区实质性占位性病变(血管瘤?其他占位性病变)。CT提示:脾门区占位,考虑血管瘤可能。因肿块体积较大,生长迅速,且已压迫脾静脉,行腹腔镜下全脾切除术。     

彩色多普勒超声诊断脾动脉瘤1例

资料 患者女性,38岁。因车祸外伤入院。自诉左上腹及左侧腰部无明显不适。常规超声检查示：肝、脾大小形态正常,脾门与左肾之间可见无回声团块,大小约40 mm×29 mm,边界清,内透声佳（图1A）。彩色多普勒血流成像（color Doppler flow imaging,CDFI）示：无回声区内可见红蓝相间的湍流彩色血流信号,与脾动脉相连（图1B）。脉冲多普勒超声无回声区内探及单相的收缩期动脉频谱（图1C）。超声提示：脾门处无回声囊性团块,考虑脾动脉瘤。CT检查示脾门脾动脉见一38 mm＆#215;28 mm软组织密度影,增强后其内显著增强,强化均匀,与脾动脉相仿,提示脾门区脾动脉瘤（图2）,术中证实脾动脉瘤,行脾动脉瘤及脾切除术。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.