阿拉伯国家药学高等教育现状及发展建议

目的比较巴勒斯坦、约旦、叙利亚、黎巴嫩、沙特阿拉伯、伊拉克、也门、科威特、阿拉伯联合酋长国、卡塔尔、阿曼、苏丹以及埃及等13个阿拉伯国家药学高等教育的现状并提出发展建议。方法查阅已发表的文献,浏览部分大学的官方网站,以及对阿拉伯国家留学生的访谈获得各国药学高等教育的信息。结果阿拉伯国家的药学教育进展缓慢,药学实践能力弱,教学方法单一,缺乏区域或国际认证。结论改善人才培养模式、丰富教学方法、增加药学实践、提升质量保障,以及加强与其他国家的教育合作,可促进阿拉伯国家的药学发展。     

基于药学服务理念的成人药学高等教育课程体系

随着卫生服务模式和执业药师制度的改革深入,社会药学服务需求对高等药学教育产生深刻的影响。针对目前成人药学高等本科教育课程教学的问题,提出以药学服务为导向,完善药学专业课程模块、增加临床沟通技巧培训、搭建药学综合实践平台等培养方案,以培植和提升学生的药学服务能力。     

我省药学教育的现状及对策

对现有高等药学教育的现状进行分析，阐明影响高等教育发展的因素，探讨促进高等药学教育改革的有效对策。     

医学院校药学特色专业建设的思考

随着药学模式的转变,社会对药学专业人才的需求增加,对药学专业人才的知识、能力、素质的要求发生新的转变,本文探讨了在医学院校发挥医学学科优势,建设药学特色专业的目标、思路。     

从零起步创建国家特色药学专业

教育质量是我国高等教育事业改革和发展的主要目标,加强内涵建设是提高教育质量的根本保证.海南医学院紧密结合国家战略和海南省医药产业对高等药学专业人才的重大需求,从零起步,努力探索以省重点学科、省重点实验室和国家特色专业三位一体共同建设、熔铸特色为核心的内涵发展道路,创建国家特色专业.在国家教育质量工程建设中,强化质量提高是核心、提高学科水平是基础、加强教师队伍建设是关键、突出办学特色是优势的方针,经过努力取得了可喜成绩.     

谈药学专业的特色建设

通过分析南通大学药学专业建设的过程,提出建设药学专业特色的基本原则,阐明药学专业特色建设的具体方向。认为在满足药学专业基础建设基础上,明确区域优势,发展与造就人才特色优势,进行专业特殊性建设是药学专业特色建设的重要方向。     

我国西部药学教育现状及发展建议

发展药学教育对西部开发具有重要意义。希望各级政府主管部门制定特殊政策，加大投入力度，统筹规划学校设置与专业布局，加速发展药学教育事业。     

日本药学高等教育的现状及其启示

介绍日本药学高等教育的发展概况、学制与学位、人才培养模式及特点、课程设置等,总结日本药学教育的3个特色,分析我国高等药学教育中存在的不足,提出改革的思路和建议。     

医院药学的现状及最新进展

目的通过回顾医院药学的发展历史,阐述医院药学的现状及最新进展。方法通过检索和综述医院药学的相关文献、法律法规等。结果随着医疗卫生改革的深入,信息科技的进步,医院药学正迎来前所未有的挑战与机遇。结论全方位进行医院药学的建设,促使医院药学更好地服务于临床。     

东亚临床药学教育与实践的进展

由中国药学会主办的第二届东亚临床药学教育与实践学术会议于1999年8月在上海召开。美国、韩国、日本、香港、中国共41人分别就临床药学的发展概况、临床药学教育、药学监护与临床药学实践、临床药学的科研等四方面进行了大会交流报告。     

Epidemiology and Clinical Features of Ciguatera Fish Poisoning in Hong Kong

In the present review, the main objective was to describe the epidemiology and clinical features of ciguatera fish poisoning in Hong Kong. From 1989 to 2008, the annual incidence of ciguatera varied between 3.3 and 64.9 (median 10.2) per million people. The groupers have replaced the snappers as the most important cause of ciguatera. Pacific-ciguatoxins (CTX) are most commonly present in reef fish samples implicated in ciguatera outbreaks. In affected subjects, the gastrointestinal symptoms often subside within days, whereas the neurological symptoms can persist for weeks or even months. Bradycardia and hypotension, which can be life-threatening, are common. Treatment of ciguatera is primarily supportive and symptomatic. Intravenous mannitol (1 g/kg) has also been suggested. To prevent ciguatera outbreaks, the public should be educated to avoid eating large coral reef fishes, especially the CTX-rich parts. A Code of Practice on Import and Sale of Live Marine Fish for Human Consumption for Prevention and Control of Ciguatera Fish Poisoning was introduced from 2004 to 2013. The Food Safety Ordinance with a tracing mechanism came into full effect in February 2012. The Government would be able to trace the sources of the fishes more effectively and take prompt action when dealing with ciguatera incidents.     

香港中成药注册管理工作概述

目的让更多的人了解香港中成药注册审评的规定与要求,以促进香港中药及中药新药的研究与开发。方法对香港中成药注册的政策法规和香港中成药过渡性注册及非过渡性注册的有关规定进行介绍和分析。结果与结论香港中成药注册管理虽起步较晚,但规范性文件已经制订,其注册管理工作将愈加严格和规范。     

The systems for monitoring adverse drug reactions in Hong Kong

Post-marketing surveillance is essential for providing additional safety information on drugs. In Hong Kong, a scheme to monitor ADRs was introduced in October 1986. It relies on voluntary reporting by hospital doctors and general practitioners of suspected ADRs. There appeared to be gross under-reporting as only 68 reports were received between 1986 to 1991. Although hospital-based studies have provided us with information on the pattern of and the risk factors for ADRs, spontaneous reporting on a national scale remains the only feasible and inexpensive method for monitoring ADRs. In order to increase reporting, we hope to convince the medical profession in Hong Kong of the importance in reporting ADRs and to make it easier for them to report.     

Alcohol misuse is rare among Hong Kong medical students

Introduction and Aims. High rates of hazardous alcohol consumption have been reported among medical students in several countries. This study aimed to determine the degree of self‐reported alcohol use among medical students in Hong Kong, and to compare this with published data from medical students elsewhere. Design and Methods. 111/137 (81%) final year medical students from the Chinese University of Hong Kong were recruited and anonymously completed the World Health Organization's Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, a screening tool which assesses alcohol consumption, dependence and alcohol‐related problems. Results are graded as low risk (score 1–7) or harmful and hazardous (8 or more). Results. The rate of ever drinking among this group of Hong Kong medical students is relatively high (74%) but few students reported at‐risk drinking patterns (1.8%). Most students who drank did so less than once per month and most reported typically drinking only one to two drinks when they did drink alcohol. Discussion and Conclusions. While rates of alcohol drinking among this group of Hong Kong medical students are comparable to those reported in Europe and North America, rates of problem drinking are much lower.[Rotheray KR, Cattermole GN, Liow ECH, Machin P, Graham CA, Rainer TH. Alcohol misuse is rare among Hong Kong medical students. Drug Alcohol Rev 2011;30:685–688]     

香港采购药品的质量控制与质量保证经验与启示

目的 通过研究香港药品采购的质量控制与质量保证为大陆药品采购提供经验和启示.方法 介绍了香港药品采购的概况,从质量控制、保证的角度对香港药品采购进行分析.结果与结论 香港药品支出仅占拨款的9%~10%,这依赖于香港药品采购中成本管理.而在采购中通过对药品及采购行为的质量控制与质量保证措施,进而保证采购药品的治疗效果.建议大陆药品采购提高采购主体专业能力、充分构建信息化平台、增强事前测试和现场检查力度、采用黑名单制度,引用产品责任保险.     

我国药学硕士专业学位教育的发展与挑战

本篇综述介绍了我国药学硕士专业学位教育的发展现状和面临的挑战.通过查阅有关药学硕士专业学位教育文献,同时对108家培养单位进行访谈和问卷调查以获取相关信息:药学硕士专业学位设置于2010年,主要培养药物技术转化、生产、流通、使用、监管等应用领域的高层次、应用型药学专门人才.经过9年的探索与发展,药学硕士专业学位研究生教...     

Drug Use and Drug Policy in Hong Kong: Changing Patterns and New Challenges

This paper is a sociohistorical examination of drug misuse and drug policy in Hong Kong. It briefly traces the history of drug policy since Hong Kong became a colony of Britain in the nineteenth century, and then highlights the major drug issues that have emerged in the past several decades. Drug policy in Hong Kong has gone through three stages, from “Government Opium Monopoly” (1841–1945) to “The Prohibition Era” (1946–1960) to “Enlightened Prohibition” (1961–1995). The evolution in drug policy is analyzed in the light of both domestic and international social, economic, and political forces affecting Hong Kong. The major drug issue in the past two decades has been the trends of rising levels of drug use among young people and the increasing popularity of psychoactive drugs among young drug users. It is argued that these trends may be understood in terms of rapid social change resulting from industrialization and socioeconomic growth since the 1960s, and the presence of conditions favorable to the demand and supply of psychoactive drugs. Lastly, major challenges to future drug policy in Hong Kong are discussed. [Translations are provided in the International Abstracts Section of this issue.]     

Reporting of adverse drug reactions in relation to general medical admissions to a teaching hospital in Hong Kong

In Hong Kong, adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are rarely reported. We tried to improve the reporting of ADRs in our medical unit at the Prince of Wales Hospital by promoting the scheme at our regular unit meetings and by including report forms at the time of admission in the case notes of all patients admitted to two general medical wards. Registrars and interns based in these wards were requested to report all ADRs by filling in standard report forms. The hospital records of these patients were then reviewed by one investigator with two aims: (1) to assess the proportions of ADRs being reported; (2) to determine how good junior staff are in reporting ADRs. During a 2-month period in 1992, 430 patients were reviewed. A total of 122 ADRs were present in 98 patients either at the time of admission (n = 66) or after admission (n = 56), and of these, only six (5 per cent) were correctly reported. The diagnosis was either missed or wrong in 29 cases, which represent 24 per cent of the total number of ADRs. The remaining 71 per cent of ADRs were totally ignored. Possible ways to improve the reporting of ADRs in hospital are discussed.