腹腔恶性肿瘤误诊为阑尾周围脓肿2例分析

对腹腔恶性肿瘤误诊为阑尾周围脓肿2例分析如下。 1病历摘要 例1：男,38岁。主因转移性右下腹痛2d入院。于入院前2d患者在出差途中出现脐周疼痛,约数小时后转至右下腹并固定;无发热;无恶心、呕吐;后逐渐出现腹胀感,门诊行B超检查,示右下腹混合性包块、腹腔积液,以阑尾周围脓肿收入院。既往20a前有“左腹股沟疝修补术”史及“右侧隐睾”史。     

回盲部肿瘤长期误诊分析

[病例]女，65岁。因剧烈腹痛入院。患者14个月前突感右下腹疼痛，伴发热，体温渐达39℃，在当地医院诊断为“急性阑尾炎”，予抗感染治疗1周后热退，疼痛减轻，未再就诊。此后右下腹一直隐隐作痛，该院又按“急性阑尾炎”转为“慢性阑尾炎”间断抗感染治疗。     

阑尾切除术结扎错误致二次手术

1病例资料男,48岁。因右下腹包块3个月,右下腹疼痛1周入院。患者于9个月前因转移性右下腹痛在外院诊断为急性阑尾炎,行阑尾切除术。半年前出现反复右下腹痛,3个月前右下腹触及包块,在当地医院经抗感染治疗,腹痛减轻,包块缩小。1周前患者再度出现右下腹疼痛、包块,收入我院。B超检查提示右下腹混合性包块。入院后以“右下腹肿瘤性质待查”行手术探查,术中在盲肠末端见4 cm×2 cm包块,周围与回肠、盲肠粘连,分离粘连后,有少量分泌物,考虑包块为阑尾组织。游离后,见阑尾远端有一结扎线,在根部缝扎后切除,残端8字缝合2针,用甲硝唑溶液冲洗后关…     

剖宫产术后腹腔内残留纱条一张误诊为盆腔炎块

患者，24岁，已婚，因“剖宫产术后2个月，发现右下腹包块1月”于2004年2月4日入院。2003年11月12日在某医院行剖宫产术，术后4d发热，未作特殊处理。术后第8天体温高达39．5％，经抗感染、退热治疗后好转。术后10d出现右下腹牵扯痛，不伴恶心、呕吐，经输液5d好转。1周后再次出现右下腹牵扯痛，输液7d好转。2003年12月4日到当地某医院行B超检查示右下腹实性包块，子宫内强回声，     

环形阑尾炎的超声表现1例

患者男，48岁．主因上腹部不适并右下腹疼痛16h入院。查体：右下腹压痛明显，结肠充气试验（＋）。超声检查所见：于右下腹阑尾区见一宽带样“环形”暗区，     

子宫原发性破裂误诊为化脓性阑尾炎1例

患者妊娠30周,因转移性右下腹疼痛3天入院。查体T38C，患者表情痛苦，腹部膨隆，右下腹压痛明显。B超检查：单胎，头位，正常     

超声表现为腹腔巨大囊性肿物的腹茧症1例

患者,女,30岁,因下腹绞痛1d后自行缓解两周入院。两周前无明显诱因突发下腹剧烈绞痛,并恶心,呕吐,后自行缓解。CT检查提示为“腹腔巨大囊性肿物”而入院,患者月经规律、婚后5年未孕。     

人工授精致宫内宫外同时妊娠1例

1病历摘要女,30岁。因腹痛9 d,加重1 d入院。于9 d前无明显诱因出现腹痛,间断性,以脐周为主,并恶心,无呕吐,无发热。未予治疗。1 d前腹痛加重,并转移至右下腹。遂以急性阑尾炎收入院。患者有人工受精史,现孕13周,孕期顺利。查体:妊娠腹,腹肌软,右下腹压痛明显,无反跳痛。叩鼓音,无移动性浊音,肠鸣音弱,胎心胎动好。入院后给予保守治疗,腹痛渐加重。查体:脐周及右下腹压痛明显,反跳痛( ),肠鸣音弱。遂于硬膜外麻醉下行剖腹探查术,术中见右下腹较多陈旧性血凝块,取出约80 g,吸出约200ml,右输卵管壶腹部约4 cm×3 cm增粗,暗紫色,质韧,输卵管伞…     

腹痛、腹胀、肛门排气排便停止

1　病历摘要患儿女 ,4岁 ,足月顺产。 1周前无明显诱因下出现脐周及右下腹阵发性疼痛 ,疼痛发作时较剧烈 ,患儿啼哭不安 ,伴纳呆 ,腹胀 ,无便血 ,肛门仍有排气。在当地医院以“消化不良”治疗 ,症状有所缓解 ,但腹部隐痛仍然存在。入院前晚腹痛腹胀加剧 ,伴肛门排便排气停止 ,无呕吐 ,门诊以“肠梗阻”收住院。入院体检 :Ｔ 38 2℃ ,Ｐ 10 0次 /ｍｉｎ ,Ｒ 2 6次 /ｍｉｎ。患儿营养好 ,但精神疲乏。全身浅表淋巴结未及肿大 ,脱水征不明显 ;腹部膨隆 ,未见明显肠型 ;脐周及右下腹压痛 ( ) ,反跳痛 (- ) ,右下腹似可及包块。全腹叩诊呈鼓音 ,…     

长阑尾1例报告

患者女,15岁。因反复脐周及上腹疼痛半年余,再发加重并固定于右下腹1周,于1999-06-19入院。患者半年多来无明显诱因反复出现“感冒”、脐周及上腹部疼痛,呈持续性隐痛、胀痛、伴恶心、呕吐,时有腹泻、尿急、尿频。多次在我院及县医院就诊均未得出明确结果。先后按“急性肠胃炎”、“胃肠型感冒”、“尿路感染”治疗,效果不佳,症状时轻时重,反复发作。1周来腹痛加重,并固定于右下腹。体格检查:一般情况尚可,心、肺无异常,肝、脾无肿大,右下腹麦氏点压痛、反跳痛不明显,腰大肌征阳性、未触及包块。实验室检查:血红蛋白120g/L,红细胞4.5×1012…     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.     

Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care in Issue Four for 2009 of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Wie zuverlässig sind Angaben zu nichtentzündlichen ausgedehnten Schmerzen?

ZusammenfassungFragestellung Es wurde geprüft, wie sich der Differenziertheitsgrad zweier Schmerzmessmethoden auf Angaben zur Ausgedehntheit klinischer Schmerzen auswirkt. Zugleich wurde der Referenzzeitraum variiert, über den die Patienten berichten sollten.Methode Erfasst wurde der Einfluss zu Lasten der Befragungsdifferenziertheit durch den Vergleich zweier Körperschema-Bildvorlagen. Drei Referenzzeiträume (Schmerz aktuell, letzte Woche, letztes halbes Jahr) wurden vorgegeben.Ergebnisse Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen gaben bei differenzierter Befragung um so mehr Schmerzen an, je weiter die Schmerzen zurück lagen und je größer der Berichtszeitraum war. Patienten mit gelenknahen Schmerzen gaben bei hoch differenzierter Befragung weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen in der Vergangenheit an als bei globaler Einschätzung. Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen berichteten bei differenzierter Befragung zum aktuellen Schmerz über weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen als bei globaler Befragung.Schlussfolgerung Die Angaben zur Schmerzausdehnung variieren vor allem bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Differenziertheit der Befragung. In diesen Fällen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass sich die Beschwerdesymptomatik zumindest teilweise erst in der Reaktion auf die situativen Befragungsbedingungen konstituiert und daher nicht auf andere Befragungsbedingungen generalisiert werden kann.