两种入路治疗动静脉内瘘狭窄或闭塞的效果比较

目的研究超声引导下经桡动脉远心端入路以及头静脉近心端逆血流入路2种不同的穿刺方式治疗自体动静脉内瘘(arteriovenous fistula,AVF)狭窄或闭塞的有效性及安全性。方法选择2016年8月至2017年11月于成都市第五人民医院和成都市第一人民医院拟行超声引导下经皮血管腔内成形术(perctuaneous transluminal angioplasty,PTA)的AVF狭窄或闭塞患者63例。在治疗过程中,按分配床位单、双数,将患者分为2组,采取不同的穿刺入路方式,即超声引导下经桡动脉远心端入路(动脉组)和头静脉近心端逆血流入路(静脉组)对患者进行手术,比较两组的穿刺成功率、并发症发生情况,并随访一年内的一期通畅率。结果动脉组患者手术并发症发生率(21.88%)高于静脉组(9.68%),但两组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。动脉组导丝通过率(100.00%)与静脉组(83.87%)相当,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。动脉组患者PTA术后第3、6、9、12个月一期通畅率分别为100.00%、83.87%、77.42%、70.97%,静脉组分别为100.00%、80.77%、76.92%、73.07%,两组间一期通畅率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论超声引导下桡动脉远心端穿刺入路治疗AVF狭窄或者闭塞的导丝通过率高,术后通畅率尚可,可作为PTA治疗AVF狭窄或闭塞的重要入路。     

经皮腔内血管成形术后内瘘再狭窄的相关危险因素探讨

目的 探讨经皮腔内血管成形术(percutaneous transluminal angioplasty,PTA)后再狭窄的相关危险因素,为延长内瘘使用时间提供诊疗依据。方法 回顾性纳入2020年1月1日至2021年1月1日在北京大学第三医院海淀院区肾内科因动静脉内瘘狭窄接受超声引导下PTA治疗并规律随访的血液透析患者335例,收集其基本数据包括基础病史、合并症、相关血清学指标、内瘘手术操作及术后随访资料,采用Cox比例风险模型分析影响PTA术后内瘘再狭窄的危险因素。结果 共纳入335例患者,其中男187例(55.82%),女148例(44.18%)。PTA术后6个月时的初级通畅率为77.31%,12个月时的初级通畅率为50.15%。Kaplan-Meier生存分析结果显示术后12个月,内瘘类型为人工血管动静脉内瘘的患者初级通畅率在随访时间内明显低于自体动静脉内瘘的患者(Log-rankχ²=719.522,P<0.001);陈旧性病变患者的初级通畅率在随访时间内明显低于新发病变的患者(Log-rankχ²=23.106,P<0....     

超声引导下经皮腔内血管成形术与切除重建术治疗复杂性内瘘狭窄效果对比分析研究

目的:探讨并比较超声引导下经皮腔内血管成形术(percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, PTA)和传统切除重建手术在血透患者动静脉内瘘(arteriovenous fistula, AVF)非单纯吻合口处狭窄诊治中的疗效及影响因素。方法:回顾性分析在2017年01月—2020年06月期间南京明基医院因非单纯吻合口处狭窄造成动静脉内瘘功能不良而行PTA治疗或切除重建手术共263例患者临床与随访资料。通过统计学方法分析两种手术方式解除内瘘狭窄的效果。结果:患者中PTA组(研究组)205例次，切除重建组(对照组)58例次。两组患者的一般资料比较内瘘狭窄类型、狭窄数量、内瘘功能不良表现差异存在统计学意义(P<0.05),其余指标差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。PTA患者的初级通畅率在术后12个月、术后24个月均低于切除重建手术患者(P<0.05)。PTA组患者的次级通畅率在术后24个月高于切除重建手术患者(P<0.05)。Ⅰ+Ⅱ+Ⅳ型狭窄、3处及以上狭窄是初级通畅的危险因素，Ⅰ+Ⅱ+Ⅳ型狭窄、3处及以上狭窄也是次级通畅的危险因素，P...     

超声引导下经皮血管成形术治疗血透患者动静脉内瘘狭窄的临床效果研究

目的研究分析超声引导下行PTA治疗AVF狭窄的整体疗效。方法选取2019年6月至2020年6月本院收治的AVF狭窄患者共97例,治疗医师根据入院先后顺序将97例患者分为两组。其中对照组48例,行DSA引导下PTA手术治疗;观察组49例,行超声引导下PTA手术治疗。结果观察组患者的单次穿刺完成率及手术成功率均明显高于对照组患者(P0.05),术后观察组的透析血流量、狭窄血管内径值均明显大于对照组(P0.05);观察组患者术后AVF再次出现狭窄的平均时间明显长于对照组患者(t=13.5112,P0.05)。结论对于AVF狭窄患者,采用超声引导下PTA治疗可以获得更为满意的治疗效果,适合治疗医师选择应用。     

Viabahn覆膜支架治疗血液透析患者中心静脉狭窄的初探

目的探讨Viabahn覆膜支架用于血液透析患者中心静脉狭窄的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析本院2015年1月至2016年9月收治的18例中心静脉狭窄的血液透析患者的临床资料。结果通过临床症状、体征和静脉造影检查,18例血液透析患者确诊为中心静脉狭窄。行经皮腔内血管成形术(PTA)后发生弹性回缩或残余狭窄30%,或伴有PTA术后短期出现再狭窄,植入Viabahn覆膜支架。一期植入18枚Viabahn血管内覆膜支架,二期再狭窄植入2枚。随访2~21个月。术后6个月和12个月的一期支架通畅率为85.2%和75.8%,一期辅助通畅率为100%。结论血液透析患者中心静脉狭窄治疗首选PTA,但PTA和金属裸支架(BMS)通畅率较低,对于中心静脉再狭窄的患者使用新型Viabahn血管内覆膜支架近期通畅率令人满意,远期通畅率有待进一步观察。     

外周切割球囊在血液透析通路血管狭窄的临床应用研究

目的探讨外周切割球囊(PCB)在治疗自体动静脉内瘘(AVF)及人工血管动静脉内瘘(AVG)血管狭窄中的安全性及有效性。方法回顾性分析2015年1月至2017年12月北京同仁医院48例采用经皮腔内球囊扩张术治疗AVF狭窄(17例)或AVG狭窄(31例)患者的疗效,术后每3个月定期复查通畅率。结果 AVF组技术成功率94.1%,临床成功率100%;AVG组技术成功率96.78%,临床成功率93.55%,4例AVG组患者出现术后30天内再狭窄或闭塞。两组均没有血肿、血管破裂等并发症。AVF组平均狭窄开放压力为(8.24±2.36)atm,AVG组平均狭窄开放压力为(7.03±2.63)atm。AVF组与AVG组在6、12、24个月初级通畅率分别为64.70%、23.53%、5.88%和40.74%、7.40%、0%;AVF组与AVG组在6、12、24个月次级通畅率分别为76.47%、58.82%、5.88%和66.67%、29.63%、3.70%,比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。平均随访时间为(12.92±10.95)个月,AVF组再狭窄率为52.9%,AVG组再狭窄率为96.8%。结论 PCB治疗AVF及AVG狭窄安全、有效,两组初级和次级通畅率差异均无统计学意义,但AVG术后再狭窄率高于AVF。     

超声引导下经皮球囊扩张术治疗内瘘狭窄的疗效观察

目的探讨并比较超声引导下经皮球囊扩张术(PTA)及手术治疗内瘘狭窄的疗效。方法回顾性分析武汉大学人民医院肾内科于2013年12月至2017年6月收治的72例自体动静脉内瘘或人工血管动静脉内瘘狭窄患者的临床资料,其中行超声引导下PTA术38例(PTA组),手术修补术34例(手术组),比较两种血管开通方式的疗效。结果 2组患者的一般资料中性别及吸烟史具有统计学差异(P 0. 05),其余指标及内瘘特征无明显差异(P 0. 05)。PTA组患者术后6个月、12个月的内瘘通畅率高于手术组患者(P 0. 05),且PTA组术后发生出血的并发症的几率要低于手术组,平均生存时间较手术组长(P 0. 05)。72例患者经随访到2018年5月30日,PTA组患者内瘘再次发生狭窄或需要再次干预的时间较手术组长,差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。结论超声引导下PTA术治疗内瘘狭窄的术后通畅率高于手术组,能为患者争取较长的生存时间,该术式具有较强的临床使用价值。     

超声在经皮腔内血管成形术治疗前臂自体动静脉内瘘Ⅰ型狭窄术中的应用分析

回顾性分析2021年10月至2022年10月大庆油田总医院收治的118例超声引导下经皮腔内血管成形术治疗前臂自体动静脉内瘘Ⅰ型狭窄患者的临床资料。对比118例患者术前、术后病变段血管直径, 术前、术后肱动脉流量, 并发症, 术后第3、6个月随访通畅率, 显示超声引导下经皮腔内血管成形术治疗前臂自体动静脉内瘘Ⅰ型狭窄效果明显, 安全、方便。     

球囊扩张成形术处理透析用动静脉内瘘狭窄性病变及短中期结果

目的:探讨球囊扩张成形技术在治疗血液透析用动静脉内瘘(AVF)狭窄的临床效果。方法:回顾性分析2014年5月—2015年12月间采用球囊扩张成形技术治疗的31例血液透析用AVF狭窄性病变患者的临床资料。结果:31例患者中,男18例,女13例;桡动脉-头静脉内瘘27例,桡动脉-贵要静脉内瘘2例,尺动脉-贵要静脉内瘘2例;均接受球囊扩张技术治疗。28例(90.3%)获得技术上的成功,围手术期无患者死亡。1例患者术后出现动脉穿刺处假性动脉瘤,1例患者术后出现AVF血栓形成,1例患者出现前臂皮下血肿,其他所有患者AVF恢复通畅并能够以正常流量进行血液透析治疗。术后随访3~12个月,3、6、12个月初次通畅率分别为92.9%,75.0%,50.0%。结论:球囊扩张成形术处理AVF狭窄性病变微创、安全,是AVF狭窄性病变的合理治疗方法,但其中长期疗效仍有待于进一步改善。     

超声引导下球囊扩张术治疗自体动静脉内瘘狭窄的临床观察

目的:观察超声引导下球囊扩张术治疗自体动静脉内瘘(AVF)狭窄的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析2016年04月～2017年12月杭州市中医院肾内科收治的AVF狭窄患者22例,其中男15例,女7例,平均年龄(61. 86±18. 70)岁;患者透析龄(62. 77±36. 99)月;内瘘使用时间2～107月,中位数为55月,所有患者均行超声引导下球囊扩张术,记录狭窄位置、技术成功率、临床成功率、术中并发症发生情况及术后第1、3、6、9个月内瘘的初级通畅率。结果:22例患者共计有24处狭窄,动脉狭窄1处,吻合口附近狭窄8处,静脉流出道狭窄15处。球囊扩张术技术成功率和临床成功率均为100%。术后1、3、6、9个月的初级通畅率分别为95. 45%、86. 36%、86. 36%和77. 27%,随访9个月再狭窄发生率为22. 73%。结论:B超引导下球囊扩张治疗自体动静脉瘘管腔狭窄是一种安全有效的治疗手段     

超声引导下血管成形术治疗DSA相对禁忌下肢动脉硬化闭塞症

目的探讨使用超声引导介入治疗DSA相对禁忌患者下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的临床价值。方法对18例不宜接受DSA引导治疗的下肢动脉硬化闭塞症患者(共20条动脉)行超声引导下腔内治疗。于治疗前和治疗后24 h、3个月、6个月、12个月、24个月检测病变处收缩期血流峰值流速(PSV),并进行统计学分析,评估总复发率。结果 20支动脉中,完全闭塞15支,重度狭窄(狭窄率70%～99%)5支;超声引导下球囊扩张成形术成功率40.00%(8/20),支架植入术成功率100%(12/12)。术前与术后各时间点病变处PSV总体差异有统计学意义(F=4.26,P=0.046),术后各时间点与术前比较、术后12个月和24个月与术后24 h PSV差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05)。术后24 h、3个月、6个月、12个月、24个月的总复发率分别为0、5.00%(1/20)、10.00%(2/20)、20.00%(4/20)、50.00%(10/20)。结论超声引导下肢动脉成形术治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞症对介入治疗DSA相对禁忌患者有重要临床价值。     

Cutting balloon angioplasty in hemodialysis arteriovenous fistula stenosis resistant to conventional balloon angioplasty

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of cutting balloon angioplasty for the treatment of hemodialysis arteriovenous fistula stenosis resistant to conventional percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA). Methods The patients with arteriovenous fistula stenosis who had suboptimal results (residual stenosis ＞30%) by conventional PTA from December 2011 to February 2015 were enrolled. All the patients received cutting balloon angioplasty were rechecked every three months. Results A total of 25 patients with age of (60.7±12.9) years had suboptimal PTA results. Eleven patients with native arteriovenous fistula (AVF) and 14 patients with graft fistula (AVG) underwent cutting PTA for 30 times. The technical success rate was 86.7% and clinical success rate was 100%. The diameter stenosis pre-procedural and post-procedural of cutting PTA was (1.7±0.6) mm and (4.5±0.8) mm respectively (P＜0.05). Six patients had multiple lesions and the stenosis consisted of 21 outflow venous, 6 graft-to-vein anastomosis, 6 cephalic arch, 2 artery and 1 puncture hole stenosis. The primary access patency at 3 and 6 months for AVF group were 70.0% and 10.0%, while for AVG group the figures were 64.3% and 7.1% (P＞0.05). The secondary access patency at 3 and 6 months for AVF group were 70.0% and 30.0%, while for AVG group the figures were 85.7% and 64.3% (P＞0.05). The follow-up time was (8.1±7.3) months. The restenosis rate was 64.0%. Cutting PTA failed to achieve technical success for four times, of whom 2 patients required graft stent implantation and 2 patients required ultra-high-pressure balloons angioplasty to finally achieve technical success. The median survival time of fistula was 173 days. Conclusions Cutting balloon angioplasty have well short-term patency and safety in arteriovenous fistula stenosis resistant to conventional PTA, especially for calcified lesion or "balloon waist". Although it could provide a satisfied long patency by recurrent PTA, the use of cutting balloon would be not advocated as the first-line treatment for fistula stenosis. The efficacy superiority of cutting balloon between AVF and AVG, as well as the cost-effect comparison between cutting balloon and high-pressure balloon, remains unclear, the verification of which requires large-sampled, prospective and randomized studies.     

Ultrasound evaluation and interventional therapy for peripheral vascular access stenosis in dialysis patients

Objective To investigate the patency rate and restenosis after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) for the treatment of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) and arteriovenous graft (AVG) stenosis in dialysis patients. Methods The patients who were successfully treated by PTA for the first time in the blood purification center of the 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from January 2016 to June 2017, including 71 cases of AVF in the forearm, 52 cases of AVF in the upper arm and 59 cases of AVG were recorded. The data of different stenosis parts were analyzed before and after treatment and followed up for 12 months. The initial patency rate and assisted-PTA patency rate were observed at 3 months, 6 months, 9 months, and 12 months after ultrasound interventional therapy, and the initial patency time for patients who needed to reintervention among all types of pathways were recorded. Results The initial patency rates at 3 months, 6 months, 9 months and 12 months after ultrasound interventional therapy were 98.59%, 90.14%, 71.93%, 54.93% respectively in forearm AVF, 90.38%, 65.38%, 42.31%, 32.69% respectively in upper arm AVF, 91.53%, 32.20%, 6.78%, 1.69% respectively in AVG, and the PTA-assisted patency rates were 98.59%, 97.18%, 95.77%, 94.37% respectively in forearm AVF, 92.31%, 86.54%, 84.62%, 80.77% respectively in upper arm AVF, 100.00%, 98.31%, 96.61%, 93.22% respectively in AVG, while the initial patency time was (8.99±3.54) months in forearm AVF, (6.33±3.01) months in upper arm AVF, (4.80±1.40) months in AVG respectively. Conclusions Ultrasound can comprehensively evaluate the function of peripheral vascular access, guide PTA treatment, and evaluate treatment outcomes. Ultrasound intervention therapy has best initial patency rate for forearm AVF stenosis. The prognosis of upper arm AVF stenosis PTA is relatively poor due to the easy cephalic stenosis. Although AVG has a short interval of restenosis, it can achieve a better long-term patency rate through regular intervention with ultrasound intervention.     

Paclitaxel drug-coated balloon angioplasty for the treatment of failing arteriovenous fistulas: a single-center experience

Abstract

Objectives: To report our experience of angioplasty with Lutonix (Bard Peripheral Vascular, Inc., Tempe, AZ) drug-coated balloon (DCB) for the treatment of failing arteriovenous fistulas (AVF).

Materials and methods: Retrospective, single-center analysis consisting of 14 patients treated with Lutonix paclitaxel DCBs in the period from July 2015 through April 2017. We analyzed technical success, clinical success, primary patency of the target lesion, primary patency of the dialysis circuit, and the rate of complications. Regular follow-up of AVF patency was realized by clinical examination and duplex ultrasonography. The Kaplan–Meier survival method was applied to determine the cumulative primary patency of the target lesion and the dialysis circuit.

Results: Technical success was 100% and clinical success 92.9%. There were no major or minor complications. Cumulative target lesion primary patency after DCB was 69.2% at 6 months and 31.6% at 12 months. Cumulative vascular circuit primary patency was 61.5% at 6 months and 31.6% at 12 months.

Conclusion: Compared to results reported in literature with plain old balloon angioplasty (POBA), Lutonix paclitaxel DCB angioplasty proved a short-term patency benefit in treatment of dialysis AVF stenosis.     

A systematic review and meta-analysis of plain versus drug-eluting balloon angioplasty in the treatment of juxta-anastomotic hemodialysis arteriovenous fistula stenosis

ObjectiveOwing to the lack of comparative evidence between the endovascular technologies for arteriovenous fistula (AVF) stenosis treatments, we sought to summarize the reported data comparing the effectiveness of different endovascular approaches for the treatment of AVF stenoses at the juxta-anastomotic site.MethodsWe performed a systematic review in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases were searched from inception to June 12, 2018 for observational and randomized studies that had examined the effectiveness of AVF stenosis treatment using plain percutaneous balloon angioplasty (PTA), cutting balloon angioplasty, drug-eluting balloon (DEB) angioplasty, high-pressure balloon angioplasty, and stenting. Bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for observational studies and the Cochrane Collaboration tool for randomized studies. Article screening, full-text review, assessment of bias, and data collection were conducted in duplicate, with a third reviewer to reconcile any discrepancies. We conducted a qualitative synthesis of the available evidence and a quantitative meta-analysis for the primary assisted patency outcome. The meta-analysis was conducted using Review Manager, version 5.3, using random effects models, with the I² statistic used to assess heterogeneity. Statistical significance was set at P < .05.ResultsOur search yielded 3683 reports. Of these, three randomized trials and three observational studies were included. Three studies with 342 patients had described the effectiveness of high-pressure balloon angioplasty, conventional PTA, and stenting and had analyzed the data qualitatively. Three studies with 141 patients had investigated native AVF patency after DEB angioplasty and conventional PTA and were included in the meta-analysis. DEB angioplasty showed significantly greater primary assisted patency rates at 12 months after treatment compared with PTA (odds ratio, 3.66; 95% confidence interval, 1.32-10.14; I² = 49%). No statistically significant differences were found in 6-month primary assisted patency among the treatment groups (odds ratio, 2.03; 95% confidence interval, 0.64-6.45; I² = 50%). A total of 58 of 72 AVFs remained patent 6 months after DEB angioplasty compared with 45 of 69 at 6 months after PTA. At 12 months after treatment, 48 of 72 AVFs remained patent after DEB angioplasty compared with 23 of 69 AVFs after PTA.ConclusionsOur findings suggest DEB angioplasty is a more effective treatment option for AVF stenosis at the juxta-anastomotic site compared with PTA. Although DEB angioplasty might provide longer term patency than other endovascular treatments, further high-quality data are needed to confirm this finding.     

Short- and long-term functional effects of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in hemodialysis vascular access

The efficacy of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) is usually expressed as the angiographic result. Access flow (Qa) measurements offer a means to quantify the functional effects. This study was performed to evaluate the short-term functional and angiographic effects of PTA and to determine the longevity of the functional effects during the follow-up period. Patients with an arteriovenous graft (AVG) or an arteriovenous fistula (AVF) who were eligible for PTA (Qa values of <600 ml/min) were included. Ultrasound-dilution Qa measurements were obtained shortly before PTA and periodically after PTA, beginning 1 wk after the procedure. The short-term effects were expressed as the increase in Qa and the reduction of stenosis. The long-term effects were expressed as patency and the decrease in Qa after PTA. Ninety-eight PTA procedures for 60 patients (65 AVG and 33 AVF) were analyzed. Qa improved from 371 +/- 17 to 674 +/- 30 ml/min for AVG and from 304 +/- 24 to 638 +/- 51 ml/min for AVF (both P < 0.0001). In 66% (AVG) and 50% (AVF) of cases, Qa increased to levels of >600 ml/min. The degree of stenosis decreased from 65 +/- 3 to 17 +/- 2% for AVG and from 72 +/- 5 to 23 +/- 7% for AVF (both P < 0.005). The reduction of stenosis was not correlated with DeltaQa (r(2) = 0.066). Six-month unassisted patency rates after PTA were 25% for AVG and 50% for AVF. The decreases in Qa were 3.7 +/- 0.8 ml/min per d for AVG and 1.8 +/- 0.9 ml/min per d for AVF. Qa values before PTA and DeltaQa were correlated with the subsequent decrease in Qa (P < 0.005). In conclusion, Qa increases after PTA but, in a substantial percentage of cases, not to levels of >600 ml/min. Qa values before PTA and the increase in Qa were correlated with long-term outcomes, whereas angiographic results were not. These data, combined with literature data, suggest that there is optimal timing for PTA.     

维持性血液透析患者前臂动静脉内瘘狭窄的球囊导管扩张治疗

目的：探讨球囊导管扩张（PTA）治疗维持性血液透析患者前臂动静脉内瘘（AVF）狭窄的临床效果。方法：自2006年01月～2010年06月,对5例前臂AVF的维持性血液透析患者进行了10次PTA治疗。结果：5例患者PTA术后即血流量恢复,但分别在3～24个月后复发,再次PTA治疗后血流量恢复;较短时间发生第1次复发的2例患者分别又在术后3、4个月发生第2次复发,其余患者目前尚未发生狭窄。结论：前臂AVF狭窄形成后,及时采用PTA治疗是修复失功能内瘘的一种行之有效的方法,PTA治疗后复发时间较长的患者,如发生再次复发可继续行PTA治疗。     

膝下血管成形术治疗重症肢体缺血的临床疗效

目的评价膝下经皮腔内血管成形术(PTA)治疗重症肢体缺血(CLI)的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析48例(50条患肢)接受膝下PTA治疗的下肢CLI患者,统计PTA的技术成功率、围术期并发症、PTA术后的缺血症状缓解情况、治疗血管的通畅情况和大截肢情况。结果共针对64条膝下动脉施行PTA,技术成功率为85.94%(55/64);围术期并发症发生率为12.50%(6/48)。平均随访(16.25±2.65)个月;PTA术后1、3、6、12、24、36个月的1期血管通畅率分别为92.0%、85.7%、79.0%、75.8%、59.8%、29.9%;保肢率分别为92.0%、92.0%、89.7%、86.4%、82.1%、72.9%。50条患肢中,1、3、6个月时的缺血症状缓解率分别为42.00%(21/50)、70.21%(33/47)和86.36%(38/44)。结论膝下PTA治疗CLI技术可行,安全性高,能有效缓解CLI的静息痛症状、促进肢体溃疡的愈合,避免大截肢的发生。     

经桡动脉行自体动静脉内瘘功能不良的介入治疗

目的探讨经桡动脉行自体动静脉瘘(AVF)腔内成形和(或)溶栓治疗的可行性。方法于因AVF狭窄或血栓闭塞而需行介入治疗的患者中,选取经桡动脉入路介入治疗的8例患者进行回顾性分析。结果首次造影证实6例患者为AVF重度狭窄,即刻行腔内球囊成形术,术后狭窄程度改善;对2例急性血栓形成患者行动脉内溶栓治疗,次日复查造影示血栓溶解,其中1例溶栓后造影显示吻合口附近静脉狭窄严重,行PTA治疗,另1例狭窄程度较轻者未进一步PTA治疗。对8例患者随访2~13个月,其中7例可正常行AVF透析,1例单纯PTA治疗患者2个月后再次行PTA治疗,4个月后因AVF功能不良而改行颈内静脉插管透析。结论经桡动脉行AVF功能不良的介入治疗有一定的可行性。     

Genotype polymorphisms of genes regulating nitric oxide synthesis determine long-term arteriovenous fistula patency in male hemodialysis patients

Objectives Nitric oxide (NO) is a pivotal vasoactive substance modulating arteriovenous fistula (AVF) patency for hemodialysis (HD). Since genetic background could be the predicting factor of AVF malfunction, we aimed to investigate whether the NO-related genotype polymorphisms determine AVF survival rates. Methods This is a retrospective, observational, multi-center study involving eight HD units in Taiwan, enrolled 580 patients initiating maintenance HD via AVFs. Genotype polymorphisms of NO-biosynthesis regulating enzymes (DDAH-1, DDAH-2, eNOS and PRMT1) were compared between HD patients with (n?=?161) and without (n?=?419) history of AVF malfunction. Subgroup analyses by gender were performed to evaluate the genetic effect in difference sexes. Results In overall population, statistically significant associations were not found between AVF malfunction and the genetic polymorphisms. In the male subgroup (n?=?313), a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of PRMT1, rs10415880 (IVS9-193 A/G), showed a significant association with AVF malfunction. Male patients with AA/AG genotype had inferior AVF outcomes compared to GG genotype, regarding primary patency (70.6% vs. 40.9%, p?=?0.001), assisted primary patency (81.0% vs. 58.4%, p?p?p?Conclusions rs10415880, the SNP of PRMT1 could be a novel genetic marker associated with AVF malfunction risk in male HD patients. Those with AA and AG genotypes of rs10415880 may predict a poorer long-term patency of AVF.