Pipeline血流导向装置用于治疗大型椎基底动脉瘤

目的 观察Pipeline血流导向装置(PED)用于治疗大型椎基底动脉瘤(LVBA)的价值。方法 纳入接受PED治疗的30例单发未破裂LVBA患者,动脉瘤最大径(16.1±6.9)mm,21例位于椎动脉V4段、9例位于基底动脉;观察围手术期并发症、术后改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分及O''Kelly Marotta(OKM)分级,评估PED用于治疗LVBA的价值。结果 对30例均成功完成治疗。共植入34枚PED,27例植入1枚、2例2枚、1例植入3枚,均未联合弹簧圈栓塞。3例出现围手术期并发症(3/30,10.00%),均为缺血性事件。出院时改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分0分26例,1分2例,2分1例,4分1例。随访2~33个月,未见动脉瘤复发。末次随访时mRS评分0分26例,1分1例,6分3例;其中24例接受数字减影血管造影(DSA),O''Kelly Marotta(OKM)分级分别为B级1例、C级6例及D级17例。3例死亡,死因分别为急性脑梗死、蛛网膜下腔出血及呼吸衰竭。结论 PED用于治疗LVBA具有一定价值。     

植入Pipeline血流导向装置治疗颈内动脉未破裂动脉瘤后动脉瘤不完全闭塞的影响因素

目的 分析植入Pipeline血流导向装置治疗颈内动脉未破裂动脉瘤后动脉瘤不完全闭塞的影响因素。方法 回顾性分析102例接受植入Pipeline血流导向装置的单发颈内动脉未破裂动脉瘤患者,通过随访观察动脉瘤是否完全闭塞;采用单因素分析及多因素logistic回归分析筛选动脉瘤不完全闭塞的影响因素。结果 对102例均成功植入Pipeline。术后随访6~17个月,期间67例动脉瘤完全闭塞（完全闭塞组）、35例未完全闭塞（未完全闭塞组）,组间患者性别、年龄及基础疾病等差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）,而既往支架植入史、术中是否联合应用弹簧圈栓塞、动脉瘤颈宽≥10 mm、瘤颈处存在分支血管及入射角度≥150°差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.05）。多因素logistic回归分析显示,既往支架植入史（OR=56.08、P<0.01）、瘤颈处存在分支血管（OR=11.35、P<0.01）和入射角度≥150°（OR=9.60、P<0.01）均为Pipeline血流导向装置治疗颈内动脉未破裂动脉瘤后不完全闭塞的危险因素,术中联合应用弹簧圈栓塞则为其保护因素（OR=0.07、P<0.01）。结论 既往支架植入史、瘤颈处存在分支血管、入射角度≥150°及联合应用弹簧圈栓塞均为植入Pipeline治疗颈内动脉未破裂动脉瘤后动脉瘤不完全闭塞的影响因素。     

血流导向装置辅助弹簧圈治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤患者的护理

目的总结血流导向装置辅助弹簧圈治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤的护理经验。方法对24例颅内动脉瘤患者采用血流导向装置辅助弹簧圈行动脉瘤介入栓塞治疗,其围术期护理包括术前心理护理、药物护理,术中麻醉配合、病情观察,术后并发症预防护理等。结果 24例患者手术经过顺利,支架均完全释放。发生术中并发症8例,术后并发症10例,无死亡病例;24例患者栓塞有效率为92.67%;功能恢复良好21例,轻度残疾但能独立生活3例。结论对颅内动脉瘤介入栓塞治疗患者加强围术期护理,术前细致准备,术中、术后严密观察及护理是手术成功的重要保障。     

颅内动脉瘤内涡流的血流动力学研究

目的利用计算机模拟颅内动脉瘤及其载瘤动脉的血液流动，并对宽、窄颈动脉瘤进行血流动力学分析。方法选取颈内．后交通动脉瘤中典型宽、窄颈动脉瘤患者的全脑血管造影（DSA）图像，联合应用Photoshop、Matlab、Ansys以及Fluent软件，对动脉瘤进行血液动力学的计算机模拟。结果成功模拟出在一个完整的心动周期中动脉瘤及其载瘤动脉内血流的动态变化。宽颈动脉瘤内可见涡流现象，流速在0．057～0．156m／s。窄颈动脉瘤内无涡流现象，流速在0．001～0．014m／s。结论宽颈动脉瘤与窄颈动脉瘤在血流动力学方面存在明显差异，提示在动脉瘤介入治疗中，应先设法降低动脉瘤中涡流的流速或使涡流消失后，再进行栓塞治疗。     

显微手术治疗颅内动脉瘤

目的 总结报道显微手术治疗颅内动脉瘤的临床效果。方法 回顾分析89例显微外科手术治疗颅内动脉瘤的手术时机、动脉瘤颈的暴露及夹闭技巧。结果 89例显微外科手术，共夹闭动脉瘤95个。术后症状明显好转，剧烈头痛1～5d内消失；有嗜睡表现的19例术后1周内16例完全清醒；对侧肢体瘫痪的41例中，有35例肌力恢复在Ⅳ级以上，其余6例肌力恢复到Ⅱ～Ⅲ级。动眼神经麻痹7例有4例完全恢复，3例眼裂有不同程度增宽。脑膜刺激征阳性的65例有63例1周内转为阴性。按Glasgow预后指标分级：其中1级65例（73。0％）、2级12例（13.5％）、3级6例（6．7％）、4级3例（3.4％）、5级（即死亡）3例（3．4％）。结论 采用显微外科技术治疗颅内动脉瘤，能精确保护穿支动脉，减少术中动脉瘤破裂及术后脑血管痉挛，明显提高颅内动脉瘤手术的临床疗效。     

颅内多发动脉瘤的外科治疗

随着全脑血管造影的常规运用，颅内多发动脉瘤(multiple intracranial aneurysms，MIA)的诊断率逐渐增加。我们总结了43例MIA的外科治疗经验，报告如下。     

双LVIS支架套叠辅助弹簧圈栓塞治疗颅内血泡样动脉瘤

目的观察双LVIS支架套叠辅助弹簧圈栓塞治疗颅内血泡样动脉瘤(BBA)的效果。方法回顾性分析45例接受支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞治疗的BBA患者资料,按治疗方式分为双LVIS支架组(DLS组,18例)和非双LVIS支架组(NDLS组,27例),对比2组手术效果、围手术期并发症及随访结果。结果 DLS组、NDLS组术后即刻完全栓塞率分别为72.22%(13/18)和55.56%(15/27),围手术期并发症发生率分别为16.67%(3/18)、25.93%(7/27),组间差异均无统计学意义(P均0.05)。术后3、6个月,2组神经功能恢复良好率差异均无统计学意义(P均0.05)。术后3个月DLS组复发率15.38%(2/13),低于NDLS组的57.89%(11/19,P=0.03);术后6个月2组复发率(0 vs 13.33%)差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论双LVIS支架套叠辅助弹簧圈栓塞治疗BBA安全、有效,能降低术后3个月复发率。     

多发性颅内动脉瘤的治疗

目的 比较显微外科与血管内治疗对多发性颅内动脉瘤（MIA）的治疗效果和并发症发生率的差别。方法 回顾分析20例MIA（共46个动脉瘤）,根据MIA所在部位的区域分级标准,Ⅰ级8例（占40%）,Ⅱ级10例（占50%）,Ⅲ级2（占10%）。级别越高者,多倾向于选择血管内治疗。结果 显微外科手术组8例,共19个动脉瘤,18个镜下全部夹闭、1个没发现未夹闭。血管内治疗组8例,共17个动脉瘤,14个100%闭塞、1个90%以上闭塞、2个因动脉瘤小导管不能到位未治。颅内外血管搭桥加颈内动脉闭塞2例。未治2例。结论 MIA所在部位的区域分级有助于治疗方法的选择,对MIA多倾于血管内治疗,必要时可2种方法联合应用。     

不同术式颅内外血管搭桥在颅内动脉瘤治疗中的应用

目的 探讨不同术式颅内外血管搭桥术在颅内动脉瘤治疗中的作用。方法回顾性分析9例颅内动脉瘤患者闭塞载瘤动脉前行颅内外血管搭桥术的临床资料,载瘤动脉远端侧支循环代偿状况,不同术式颅内外血管搭桥术的手术方法等和方法。结果9例颅内动脉瘤患者载瘤动脉远端侧支循环代偿均不良,经多途径颅内外血管搭桥后闭塞了载瘤动脉,无载瘤动脉远端脑缺血现象发生结论对于载瘤动脉远端侧支循环代偿不良的患者,闭塞载瘤动脉前需根据其远端的脑血流需求选择不同途径的颅内外血管搭桥术,进行载瘤动脉远端的血流重建。     

Review of endovascular stent‐assisted embolization for management of intracranial aneurysms

Objective: This was a retrospective review of the results using stent‐assisted coil embolization for management of intracranial aneurysms. Methods: The records of seven patients treated with stent‐assisted Gugliemi detachable coil (GDC) embolization were retrieved from the authors’ prospectively maintained database. The clinical presentation, site and type of aneurysms, treatment procedure and complications, and outcome of these identified cases were reviewed. Results: Between January 2002 and May 2004, seven patients with intracranial aneurysms, four of which were ruptured, were treated by stent‐assisted GDC embolization. Four aneurysms were located at the anterior circulation and three were at the posterior circulation. The indications for stent use were: giant aneurysm (>2.5 cm), dissecting pseudo‐aneurysm, broad‐necked aneurysm and the need for preservation of important parent arteries or branches. Concerning the technical aspect, all except one had successful stent deployment. One stent dislodged after apparent successful deployment. GDC embolization was continued and the aneurysm was partially occluded. More than 90% occlusion of aneurysm sac was achieved in six aneurysms. Intraoperative complications included over‐coagulation, failure in stent deployment, displacement of stent, coil entrapment and thromboembolism. One patient had added focal neurological deficit after the procedure, and one became vegetative due to an unrelated cause. The patient in whom the stent was dislodged suffered another subarachnoid haemorrhage 4 months later and died. Conclusion: Percutaneous intracranial stent is a new and useful device to assist embolization of cerebral aneurysms that were previously not amenable to endovascular therapy. These preliminary results suggest that this procedure could achieve satisfactory outcomes without significant complications.     

Intraoperative angiography and embolization in intracranial AVM's and aneurysms

Intraoperative angiography allows for control procedures for exstirpation of arteriovenous malformations and clipping of problematic aneurysms during the entire operation. During intraoperativ embolizations, it is especially helpful to see whether the occlusion of the nidus of an arteriovenous malformation is complete. The method is easy to perform; there were no complications in 19 cases.     

Spontaneous cure of ruptured intracranial arterial aneurysms

The case of a patient who had spontaneous cure of an intracranial saccular aneurysm, documented by angiography, is reported. This occurred in a 41-year-old patient, admitted four months after recurrent subarachnoid hemorrhage due to an angiographically verified supraclinoid internal carotid artery aneurysm. The relevant literature is reviewed, and the possible mechanism of spontaneous aneurysmal thrombosis is briefly discussed. It is concluded that repeating angiography is not without merit in patients with already documented cerebral aneurysms who are referred for surgical treatment some time after a subarachnoid hemorrhage.     

支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞治疗大脑中动脉分叉部宽颈动脉瘤

目的 观察支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞治疗大脑中动脉分叉部宽颈动脉瘤的安全性和有效性。方法 分析60例接受支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞治疗的大脑中动脉分叉部宽颈动脉瘤患者共65个动脉瘤,观察术后即刻及随访动脉瘤栓塞程度,评估术后并发症、疗效及安全性。结果 术中2例(2/60,3.33%)动脉瘤破裂出血,4例(4/60,6.67%)支架内血栓形成;术后即刻栓塞程度为RaymondⅠ级50个(50/65,76.92%)、Ⅱ级12个(12/65,18.46%)、Ⅲ级3个(3/65,4.62%)。术后1个月内3例(3/60,5.00%)动脉瘤再出血,2例致死;1例(1/60,1.67%)死于肺栓塞;4例(4/60,6.67%)并发脑梗死。1例术后6个月瘤颈复发,1例术后25个月出现无症状性血管闭塞;末次复查数字减影血管造影显示43个(43/51,84.31%)RaymondⅠ级、8个(8/51,15.69%)Ⅱ级。末次随访,49例(49/57,85.96%)改良Rankin量表评分为0～2分,8例(8/57,14.04%)为3～4分。结论 支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞技术治疗大脑中动脉宽颈动脉瘤安全、有效。     

Clinical and angiographic outcome after Guglielmi detachable coil embolization of intracranial aneurysms

Background: Between July 1997 and April 2001, forty patients underwent Guglielmi detachable coil (GDC) embolization of intracranial aneurysms at Wellington Hospital. Methods: The clinical notes and imaging were reviewed retrospectively. Results: Complete initial occlusion was achieved in 28 patients (70%). Eleven patients (27.5%) had small residual neck (>90% occlusion) and one patient (2.5%) had substantial filling of the aneurysm. Follow up angiographic assessment was obtained in 28 patients (70%) of whom 24 patients (85.7%) had no recurrence or stable residual neck and four patients (14.3%) had recurrence or enlargement of the residual neck. Stable occlusion was achieved in 100% of small and medium sized aneurysms and 50% of large and giant aneurysms. Technical complications occurred in 10% including aneurysms perforated in two patients (5%) and presumed parent artery occlusion in another two (5%). Conclusions: The findings of the present study demonstrate the safety of GDC embolization. The initial clinical grade at presentation strongly predicted the clinical outcome. Although the number of patients in this study is small, there is evidence that the angiographic outcome is better for small and medium sized aneurysms. Our results are comparable to other published series.     

DSA杂交手术室“一站式”精准治疗颅内复杂动脉瘤合并脑内血肿

目的探讨DSA杂交手术室"一站式"精准治疗颅内复杂动脉瘤合并脑内血肿的价值。方法对11例颅内复杂动脉瘤合并脑内血肿未发生脑疝患者于发病72 h内行DSA杂交手术室"一站式"精准治疗,术中以DSA评估动脉瘤是否累及载瘤动脉,行DSA引导下颅内外血管搭桥联合动脉瘤孤立术或球囊临时阻断辅助下动脉瘤塑形夹闭治疗,同步清除血肿。实时监测术中治疗情况,记录术中及术后并发症。随访观察术后6个月CTA表现;于出院及末次随访时以格拉斯哥转归评分(GOS)评价疗效,GOS≥4分认为治疗效果良好。结果对5例行颞浅动脉(STA)-大脑中动脉(MCA)搭桥,术中DSA示桥血管通畅,一期行动脉瘤孤立术;6例行动脉瘤塑形夹闭,术中3例误夹穿支血管,1例夹闭不全,调整瘤夹位置后夹闭效果满意。术后并发小灶性脑梗死2例,癫痫1例。出院时、末次随访时治疗效果良好患者均占81.82%(9/11)。术后6个月均未见复发,吻合口及载瘤动脉无狭窄。结论对难以直接夹闭或介入栓塞治疗的颅内复杂动脉瘤合并脑内血肿患者,采用DSA杂交手术室"一站式"精准治疗可获得较好效果。     

Enlargement of intracranial saccular aneurysms

Summary A case of enlargement of a middle cerebral artery aneurysm is reported. Cerebral angiography demonstrated an increase in the size of this aneurysm. Possible factors causing aneurysmal enlargement are discussed.     

Unruptured intracranial aneurysms in polycystic kidney disease

Summary To detect unruptured intracranial aneurysms, we performed cerebral angiography in five patients with polycystic kidney disease (PKD) who had no neurological deficits and no history of subarachnoid haemorrhage. Three of the five patients had unruptured intracranial aneurysms and two underwent surgery with no mortality or morbidity. Our review of the literature revealed that the surgical risk of unruptured intracranial aneurysms is smaller than the risk of bleeding in conservatively treated patients. We discuss the importance of an early diagnosis, and early operation for unruptured aneurysms in patients with polycystic kidney disease and stress the need for intensive care for their renal dysfunction and hypertension during and after the operation.