新疆不同民族的膳食与食管癌

全国食管癌的标化死亡率是14.95/10万,新疆哈萨克族是68.95/10万。新疆的食管癌在不同民族中的分布呈显著差异。为探索其差异原因,我们于1978年8月至9月到伊犁哈萨克族自治州的新源县和博尔塔拉蒙古自治州的精河县,调查不同民族膳食,营养特点与食管癌的关系。新源县是食管癌高发县之一,哈族农、牧民的食管癌死亡率呈显著差异,牧民高于农民,精河县食管癌死亡率在新疆属于中等水平,汉、维、蒙、哈四种民族共居一地,而食管癌死亡率之比为1: 2:3:9。     

厦门市海沧区居民恶性肿瘤死亡分析

目的研究厦门市海沧区居民恶性肿瘤死亡率情况,为肿瘤预防与控制提供科学依据。方法将2003-2007年收集到的居民恶性肿瘤死亡情况建立数据库,分析居民恶性肿瘤的死亡情况。结果恶性肿瘤是海沧区居民的第二位死因;恶性肿瘤死亡率较高的依次为肺癌(30.01/10万)、肝癌(28.03/10万)、食管癌(22.26/10万)、胃癌(10.51/10万);男性占比例高;不同年龄组恶性肿瘤死亡率不同,75~79岁组人群恶性肿瘤死亡率最高。结论肺癌、肝癌是海沧区恶性肿瘤防治的重点,我们应加强对环境污染、饮食卫生、卫生防护、健康教育等环节管理以降低恶性肿瘤的死亡率。     

河南省1/10抽样人口恶性肿瘤死亡调查研究报告(1990～1992年)

目的 :调查河南省 2 0世纪 90年代初期 1/ 10抽样人口恶性肿瘤死亡率及其分布特征。方法 :收集河南省15个市县居民死亡资料 ,按《居民病伤死因统计》的统计方法 ,分析常见恶性肿瘤死亡率及其分布特征。结果 :1990～ 1992年河南 1/ 10人口恶性肿瘤普通死亡率为 117 2 5 / 10万 ,中国人口调整死亡率为 10 7 3 8/ 10万 ,占人口总死亡的 19 0 5 % ,居于各种死因的第二位。与 70年代相比 ,男性增加了 3 5 41% ,女性增加了 7 3 5 %。食管癌、胃癌、肝癌、肺癌等为最常见癌症。结论 :河南居民癌症死亡率呈上升趋势 ,对人们生命和健康危害严重 ,应加强肿瘤防治工作     

恶性肿瘤的内科治疗讲座(五)食管癌的内科治疗

我国是世界上食管癌发病率和死亡率最高的国家,1980年报道食管癌在我国恶性肿瘤死亡率中占22.496,仅次于胃癌.主要高死亡率地区有:①华北三省(河南、河北、山西)交界地区;②四川北部;③鄂豫皖交界的大别山区;④闽南和广东北部;⑤苏北地区;⑥新疆哈萨克族聚居地区.河南林县为我国食管癌的高发区,按世界标准人口年龄调整年死亡率1/10万,林县男性为254.77/10万,女性为161.11/10万,林县姚村则更高,分别为289.70/10万和218.30/10万.1980年我国食管癌的年发病数为167200人,1985年为141100人,食管癌由占恶性肿瘤的第2位,降至第3位.世界食管癌死亡较高的国家,主要在亚洲、拉美和欧洲.日本食管癌占癌症年死亡数的第7位,1986年死亡数为6385人.     

河南省开封县1987-2009年肝癌死亡资料分析

目的研究肝癌的分布特征,为制订切实可行的干预措施提供科学依据。方法对开封县1987-2009年肝癌死亡登记报告资料统计分析。结果 1987-2009年开封县男、女性肝癌年均死亡率分别为32.13/10万和13.69/10万,中国标准人口调整死亡率分别为26.60/10万和8.80/10万,世界标准人口调整死亡率分别为39.77/10万和13.63/10万。开封县肝癌死亡率居恶性肿瘤首位,呈聚集性分布。结论肝癌是严重威胁开封县居民健康的疾病,要广泛开展肝癌防治对策研究,改变居民不良生活方式,以降低肝癌的发病率和死亡率。     

2011年寿光市居民肿瘤死亡监测资料分析

目的 了解寿光市居民恶性肿瘤死亡情况、死亡原因,为制订卫生事业发展和卫生政策提供科学依据.方法 对寿光市2011年居民恶性肿瘤死亡监测资料进行分析.结果 2011年居民恶性肿瘤死亡2000例,死亡率为191.43/10万.恶性肿瘤死亡率,男性为238.87/10万,女性为143.06/10万(P＜0.01);＜15岁为8.14/10万,15～34岁为8.73/10万,35～54岁为77.86/10万,55～74岁为496.28/10万,≥75岁为1319.94/10万居民前4位恶性肿瘤死因,全部居民是肺癌、肝癌、胃癌、结肠/直肠癌,男性为肺癌、肝癌、胃癌、食管癌,女性为肺癌、肝癌、胃癌、乳腺癌.结论 最近几年寿光市居民恶性肿瘤死亡率变化不大,肺癌、肝癌、胃癌、结肠/直肠癌是主要的恶性肿瘤死因.     

泰安市泰山区居民恶性肿瘤患者死亡及减寿状况调查

目的:了解山东省泰安市泰山区居民恶性肿瘤死亡及减寿状况。方法:根据中国疾病预防控制死因监测系统报告的居民死亡监测数据和泰山区统计局提供的人口资料,对泰山区2010-2012年恶性肿瘤患者的粗死亡率、标化死亡率、死因顺位、潜在减寿年数(potential yearsof life lost,PYLL)和平均减寿年数(average years of life lost,AYLL)等死亡特征进行分析。结果:恶性肿瘤患者年平均死亡率为145.06/10万,标化死亡率为137.96/10万,男性平均死亡率为191.32/10万,标化死亡率为89.78/10万,女性平均死亡率为98.24/10万,标化死亡率为45.76/10万,差异有统计学意义(x~2=29.97,P<0.01)。平均死亡年龄为65.69岁,死亡率呈逐年上升趋势,不同年份之间死亡年龄和死亡率差异有显著性统计学意义(F=4.52,P<0.05,x2=11.61,P<0.01)。2010-2012年前5位恶性肿瘤是肺癌、胃癌、肝癌、食管癌、结肠直肠肛门癌,PYLL顺位前5位分别为肺癌、肝癌、胃癌、食管癌、白血病。结论:肺癌、肝癌、胃癌、食管癌和白血病是造成泰山区居民死亡和减寿最主要的恶性肿瘤。     

揭阳市饮用水源与食管癌死亡率关系

我们对广东省食管癌高发区之一的揭阳市，进行居民饮用水源与食管癌死亡关系调查发现；饮用河水的居民食管癌年平均死亡率79.13/10万；饮用沟渠水为65.05/10万；山泉水为55.65/10万；水库水为55.33/10万；井水为53.99/10万；自来水48.08/10万。饮用河水死亡率是饮用自来水的1.6倍，相对危险度（RR）增加60%，故应加强饮用水源的保护和重视工业废水的处理，以保证人民的健康。     

汶上县2008年居民消化系统恶性肿瘤死亡特征分析

目的了解汶上县居民消化系统恶性肿瘤死亡的流行病学特征,为制定针对性综合防制恶性肿瘤措施提供依据。方法对汶上县2008年居民恶性肿瘤死亡资料进行描述性流行病学分析。结果汶上县不同性别居民恶性肿瘤死亡率均有随年龄增加而增加的趋势,居民消化系统恶性肿瘤死亡率为112.87/10万,占癌症死亡总数的65.19%,男性40岁以后,女性50岁以后,消化系统肿瘤死亡率开始高于非消化系统肿瘤,40～75岁及85岁以上组男性消化系统肿瘤死亡率高于女性（P〈0.05）,性别比值为1.77：1。前三位消化系统恶性肿瘤死亡顺次为食管癌、胃癌、肝癌。结论汶上县居民消化系统恶性肿瘤中食管癌死亡率最高。     

内镜窄带成像技术结合色素内镜在食管早癌诊断及治疗中的作用

我国是食管癌的高发国家,年平均死亡率为14.59/10万。有研究证实早期食管癌经治疗5年生存率90%以上;中晚期仅为10%左右[1],新疆的南疆和田地区是食管癌的高发区,故对早期食管癌的早发现、早诊断、早治疗至关重要。本文通过应用窄带成像(Narrow-band Imaging,NBI)联合普通内镜下,卢戈氏碘染色来探讨其对早癌及癌前病变的诊断、指导治疗中的作用。1资料与方法1.1一般资料选择2007年3月～2011年5月和田地区人民医院消化内镜中心应用NBI行胃镜检查的患     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.