IVF/ICSI-ET后单绒毛膜四胎合并单绒毛膜单胎妊娠

目的:报道1例体外受精/单精子胞浆内注射-胚胎移植(IVF/ICSI-ET)后单绒毛膜四胎合并单绒毛膜单胎妊娠。方法:患者为26岁女性,接受IVF/ICSI-ET治疗,取卵后3d移植2枚8-细胞胚胎。结果:孕6周经阴道B超示单绒毛膜四胎合并单绒毛膜单胎妊娠。选择性减胎术在孕7周进行,减灭单绒毛膜四胎。孕40周行剖宫产术娩出单活男婴。结论:高龄、透明带操作、胚胎培养时间和条件、促排卵治疗等多种因素可造成单卵多胎妊娠。选择性减胎术可降低多胎妊娠的不利影响,但应更注重预防其发生。     

辅助生殖技术助孕后的多胎妊娠早孕期减胎91例分析

目的:评价辅助生殖技术(ART)助孕后多胎妊娠早孕期减胎术的安全性及必要性。方法:回顾性分析91例多胎妊娠B超引导下经阴道选择性减胎患者的临床资料,统计其早期流产率、晚期流产率,并将减胎后的患者分为单胎妊娠组及双胎妊娠组,统计各组早产率、早产孕周、早产平均体质量及足月低体质量儿出生率,并与同期施行ART助孕的单胎妊娠及未行减胎的双胎妊娠4 623例进行比较分析。结果:减胎组早期流产率为2.20%,明显优于同期妊娠的早期流产率(10.96%),组间有统计学差异。减胎后的单胎妊娠组早产率、早期流产率及晚期流产率均优于未行减胎的双胎妊娠组。结论:早孕期施行B超引导下经阴道选择性减胎术是安全的,且可有效减少多胎妊娠发生,改善其不良妊娠结局。     

多胎妊娠妇女孕中期选择性减胎术的临床应用

目的 通过对多胎妊娠妇女于孕中期行选择性减胎术,研究其手术指症、时机、安全性、目标胎儿的选择标准和减灭胎儿数,探讨选择性减胎术在改善多胎妊娠结局中的作用.方法 对37例孕12周+1～25周多胎妊娠孕妇(6例双胎、21例三胎、8例四胎、2例五胎,共117个胎儿)在超声引导下经腹行选择性减胎术,按产科医疗指征,在拟被减的46个胎儿心脏内注射10%氯化钾2～5 ml,见胎心逐渐减慢至停跳视为减胎术成功.术后定期产前检查和监测凝血功能,记录妊娠期并发症及妊娠结局.结果 (1)成功率:共减去胎儿46个,减胎成功率为100%(46/46个胎儿),已有27例孕妇分娩,获24个健康新生儿,妊娠成功率为88.9%(24/27).(2)分娩孕周:＞36周分娩者15例;32～36周7例;28～32周3例;＜28周流产者2例;正在妊娠中10例.平均分娩孕周(34.9±4.1)周,孕28周后分娩率为92.6%(25/27).(3)新生儿平均出生体重:单胎妊娠新生儿平均出生体重为(3014±640)g,双胎妊娠为(2557±573)g,三胎妊娠中除1例两个胎儿存活(出生体重分别为1400及1500 g)外,其余均死亡.(4)安全性:除2例单羊膜囊双胎在减灭1个胎儿后,另1个胎儿随即死亡外,其余多胎妊娠妇女的保留胎儿均未发生胎死宫内.(5)并发症:37例多胎妊娠妇女中仅3例发生子痫前期,减胎术后均无凝血功能障碍发生.(6)阴道流血:有13例孕妇减胎术前发生阴道流血,其中1例在妊娠13周强烈要求减胎,减胎术后于孕22周流产;另12例均在阴道流血停止1周以上后施行减胎.结论 (1)孕中期选择性多胎妊娠减胎术,可以有效减少多胎妊娠胎儿数目、避免异常胎儿出生,降低孕产妇并发症,提高新生儿出生体重.(2)胎儿保留数目以达双胎为好.(3)减胎术前有阴道流血者,避免在流血期间减胎,应选择在流血停止1周以上进行.(4)孕中期多胎妊娠减胎术不会造成孕妇的凝血功能障碍,也不会造成保留胎儿的宫内死亡,安全性好;减胎术后子痫前期的发病率明显下降.     

多胎妊娠药物选择性减胎术后不良妊娠结局的相关因素分析

目的:分析年龄、减胎孕周、减胎数量、保留胎儿数量对多胎妊娠药物选择性减胎术后妊娠结局的影响。方法:回顾性分析2016～2019年于山东省妇幼保健院行多胎妊娠药物选择性减胎术的患者416例,随访至本次妊娠结束,其中流产28例,早产114例,足月产274例。采用单因素及多分类Logistic回归分析妊娠年龄、减胎孕周、被减胎儿数量、保留胎儿数量与不良妊娠结局(早产及流产)的关系;并对孕周<34周早产组(41例)与孕周≥34周早产组(73例)在以上相关因素中的发生占比进行比较。结果:(1)单因素分析示：行药物选择性减胎术时保留不同胎儿数量的孕妇,术后流产率、早产率及足月产率的比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。减胎时孕妇年龄、减胎孕周和被减胎数量不同,术后孕妇妊娠结局比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(2)多分类Logistic回归分析示：减胎时年龄、减胎孕周和保留胎儿数量对术后孕妇的不良妊娠结局有影响,其中年龄≥40岁、减胎孕周≥14周和保留胎儿数量≥2胎是减胎术后发生早产的独立危险因素(OR>1,P<0.05),而年龄30～35岁、年龄≥40岁和保留胎儿数量≥2胎是减胎术后导致流产的独立危险因素(OR>1,P<0.05)。(3)孕周<34周与孕周≥34周早产孕妇间不同年龄段的比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中孕周<34周孕妇中年龄<30岁的占比(56.1%)高于孕周≥34周孕妇(32.9%)。结论:被减胎儿数量不是减胎术后发生不良妊娠结局的危险因素,术前的评估指标更应该关注孕妇年龄、减胎时孕周、保留胎儿的数量;年龄<30岁的患者行多胎妊娠药物选择性减胎术应尽量避免早期早产的发生。     

双绒毛膜多胎妊娠不同孕周选择性减胎术后临床结局分析

目的:探讨双绒毛膜多胎妊娠不同孕周选择性减胎术后的临床结局。方法:回顾性分析2012年1月至2018年12月98例双绒毛膜多胎妊娠于四川大学华西第二医院进行选择性减胎术的临床资料,根据实施减胎术孕周分为3组:G1组(孕14~19+6周,19例)、G2组(孕20~27+6周,30例),G3组(≥孕28周,49例),比较不同孕周行选择性减胎术后的临床结局。结果:①98例中行选择性减胎术原因包括染色体异常(25例)、胎儿结构畸形(68例)及其他母胎合并症(5例)等。②G1组母体无相关并发症发生;减胎术后2周G2组母体发生胎膜早破2例,宫内感染2例;G3组发生胎膜早破4例,宫内感染2例。③减胎术后流产发生率为8.2%、早产发生率为50.0%,活产儿存活率94.6%。3组分娩孕周差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。G1组流产率显著低于G2组(10.5%vs 20.0%,P<0.05);G1组的活产儿出生体质量及存活儿出生体质量也优于G2组(P<0.05);G1组的早产率、足月产率、活产儿出生体质量及存活儿出生体质量均优于G3组(P<0.05)。结论:在孕20周前对双绒毛膜多胎妊娠行选择性减胎术,其妊娠结局较好,合理使用选择性减胎技术,可以有效减灭异常胎儿和多胎妊娠的胎儿数量,减少多胎妊娠的并发症及合并症,改善多胎妊娠母胎结局。     

体外受精-胚胎移植中含单绒毛膜双胎的三胎减胎术后妊娠结局分析

目的:探讨体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)中移植2枚胚胎后发生三胎妊娠行单绒毛膜双胎中一胎减灭术后的妊娠结局。方法:回顾性分析27例行单绒毛膜双胎中一胎减灭术的三胎妊娠患者的临床资料,了解术后一般情况,并对比术后仍保留双胎妊娠的与同期非减胎双胎妊娠的妊娠结局及新生儿情况。结果:减胎术后有12例(44.44%)发生自然减灭仅留一胎;保留双胎组与非减胎双胎组患者平均年龄、平均孕周及平均胎儿出生体质量无统计学差异(P0.05);早期均无流产发生,晚期流产率分别为6.67%和10.00%,抱婴回家率分别为93.33%、90.00%,早产率分别为21.43%和37.04%,低体质量儿出生比例分别为21.43%和33.33%,围产儿死亡率分别为0.0%和3.7%,组间均无统计学差异(P0.05),减胎后双胎组和非减胎双胎组均无畸形儿出生。结论:行减灭单绒毛膜双胎中一胎的减胎术有近一半的患者另一胎会发生自然减灭,余保留双胎的妊娠结局和新生儿一般情况与非减胎双胎妊娠组无统计学差异。     

含单绒毛膜多胎妊娠的产前管理

含单绒毛膜的多胎妊娠情况复杂,孕妇的孕期监测及宫内干预尤为重要。含单绒毛膜双胎的双绒毛膜三羊膜囊三胎妊娠可以在孕11~14周采用氯化钾心脏注射减去同绒毛膜双胎之一,保留单绒毛膜单胎,也可以选择孕16周后射频消融减胎术保留双绒毛膜双羊膜囊双胎,2种减胎方式妊娠结局无明显差异。胎儿镜激光手术能显著改善多胎妊娠合并双胎输血综...     

单卵双胎行选择性减胎术1例报道

目的:评估自然妊娠单卵双胎的孕妇因宫颈机能不全无法持续妊娠,在早孕期行选择性减胎术的临床效果。方法:报道1例宫颈机能不全的孕妇自然受孕获单卵双胎妊娠,早孕期(孕8+5周)采取机械性减胎法行选择性减胎,减灭孕囊中的一胎。结果:孕妇成功减胎,并持续妊娠,至孕37周阴道分娩1健康男婴。结论:对于单卵双胎的宫颈机能不全孕妇,早孕期行选择性减胎术是有效可行的办法。     

对单绒毛膜双胎中异常胎儿行脐带双极电凝减胎术的研究

目的 探讨脐带双极电凝法对单绒毛膜双胎中异常胎儿进行选择性减胎术的临床应用价值.方法 选择2007年2-3月中山大学附属第一医院妇产科胎儿医学中心收治的3例一胎异常的单绒毛膜双胎孕妇,其中2例为双胎输血综合征,1例双胎之一为无心畸形,在超声和胎儿镜的引导下应用双极电凝法阻断异常胎儿的脐带血流,以减灭异常胎儿.术后超声连续监测存活胎儿的大脑中动脉和脐动脉的血流频谱,并随访其发育以及母-胎手术并发症.分娩时检查胎儿及胎盘.结果 3例孕妇分别在孕21、22和24周时,应用脐带双极电凝法成功阻断异常胎儿的脐带血流.已经分娩的两例中,1例在减胎术后7 d,死胎发生胎膜破裂,孕32周剖宫产娩出一健康男婴;另1例孕38周剖宫产娩出一健康男婴.2个新生儿1分钟和5分钟Apgar评分均为10分.两例孕妇产后经胎盘病理检查确认为单绒毛膜双胎,死胎脐带可见明显的电凝痕迹.例3目前孕35周,随访结果正常.结论 脐带双极电凝减胎术是适用于单绒毛膜双胎的有效减胎手段,有助于改善正常胎儿的妊娠结局.     

四胎妊娠并发妊高征一胎宫内死亡三胎成活

患者,30岁,农民,孕1产0.因停经36 +2周,双下肢水肿半月入院.患者婚后4年一直未孕,应用克罗米芬促排卵治疗后妊娠,早孕期B超检查为4 个胚囊,16周妊娠时复查B超有4个胎儿,双顶径分别为4.1cm、4.2cm、4.1cm及4.0cm, 在不同位置可见到四个胎心搏动,均为140次/分,20周妊娠时感胎动,未坚持定期产前检查 ,入院查体:T?37℃,P?90次/分,R?22次/分,BP?19/13kPa,心肺听诊无异常,肝脾未及,腹水征阴性,双下肢Ⅱ°水肿.宫高45cm,腹围101cm,胎位触诊不清,可听到3个胎心,分别为130次/分、136次/分、142次/分.B超检查:四胎妊娠其一为死胎,三个活胎双顶径分别为:8.0cm、7.4cm、7.1cm,血常规Hb?86g/L,WBC?4.2×109/L,PLT?182×1 09/L,PT?13.9秒,正常对照14秒,纤维蛋白原3.0g/L,3P试验(+).入院诊断:①36 +2周妊娠,G1P0;②LOT、LSA、RScP、RSP;③四胎妊娠;④妊高征;⑤一胎死亡 .入院后降压、解痉、保胎、抗贫血治疗,并给复方氨基酸促进胎儿发育,给地塞米松、氨茶碱促进胎儿肺成熟,11天后复查B超,双顶径分别为8.2cm、7.6cm、7.2cm,行剖宫产术,术中娩出长子1400克,次子1800克,三女1400克,四女死亡已软化变形,术后检查四个胎盘连接成片,胎盘血管互不相通,死胎胎盘大小约8×8×0.5cm3,纤维化,脐带帆状附着,术后子宫收缩好,无出血倾向,7日拆线,刀口愈合良好.新后儿娩出后立即保温,肌注VitK1 和青霉素预防出血和感染,经2周精心护理,未发生任何并发症,母婴健康出院.     

促排卵过程中突发宫外孕1例

目的:报道门诊促排卵过程中突发宫外孕1例。方法:24岁女性,多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)史,门诊尿促性腺激素(hMG)促排卵治疗,至月经周期20 d,突发下腹疼痛伴阴道出血,彩色超声提示:盆腔巨大包块,不排除异位妊娠可能,急查血hCG为923 ng/ml,急诊腹腔镜探查。结果:腹腔镜下清除盆腔积血约1 000 ml,行右侧输卵管开窗术,术后病理检查结果:见绒毛组织,符合输卵管妊娠。结论:对月经不调患者有停经史者促排卵之前,应常规排除妊娠可能,对患者自诉月经来潮医生应警惕是否异常子宫出血。应加强对门诊促排卵患者的随访工作,减少并发症的发生。     

Spontaneous fetal reduction in multiple gestations assessed by transvaginal ultrasound.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the occurrence of disappearance of one or more of the fetuses in pregnancies which start as multiple gestation. DESIGN: Observational study. SETTING: Infertility section, Rambam Hospital, Haifa. SUBJECTS: 88 women with multiple gestations, established after ovulation induction (54 twin, 26 triplet, five quadruplet, and three quintuplet) and diagnosed by transvaginal ultrasound at 5-6 weeks, in all of whom absorption of at least one gestation sac was detected at follow-up ultrasound scan. INTERVENTIONS: Follow-up by serial transvaginal and later abdominal ultrasound scan throughout pregnancy. RESULTS: Of the 54 twin gestations, 51 ended in the birth of a singleton and three in miscarriage. Of the 26 pregnancies starting as triplets, 12 ended in singleton births, 12 in twins and two miscarried. The five quadruplet gestations resulted in one singleton birth, one set of twins, two triplets, and one ended in late miscarriage. Of the three quintuplet pregnancies, two resulted in the birth of triplets, one of them after spontaneous, the other after iatrogenic fetal reduction. In the third quintuplet pregnancy, one fetus vanished spontaneously and another was subject to iatrogenic reduction, two fetuses survived and were liveborn. Of the 221 fetuses identified 107 (48%) vanished spontaneously. CONCLUSION: Iatrogenic fetal reduction should be delayed until 12 weeks gestation in quadruplet or higher multiple gestations, but is probably not indicated in twin and triplet gestations.     

Trizygotic quintuplet pregnancy following simultaneous embryo splitting in an oocyte donatin cycle

Purpose To report a trizygotic quintuplet pregnancy following simultaneous embryo splitting in an oocyte donation cycle after transfer of 3 embryos. Methods A 40-year-old Caucasian female G3P1 with two previous spontaneous abortions and diminished ovarian reserve presented for IVF. The patient underwent an oocyte donation cycle secondary to diminished ovarian reserve. Three embryos were transferred per patient request. Results The three embryo transfer resulted in a trizygotic quintuplet pregnancy. Selective embryo reduction was performed at 11 weeks leaving a dizygotic twin gestation. The patient underwent SVD, or spontaneous vaginal delivery at 36 weeks gestation with respective weights and apgars of 2673 g (apgars 7(1), 9(5)) and 2722 g (apgars 7(1), 9(5)). The twins are presently doing well without complications. Conclusions Although rare, the possibility of simultaneous embryo splitting must be factored into determining number of embryos for fresh transfer.     

Quintuplet pregnancies

Five quintuplet pregnancies, following induction of ovulation with clomiphene and HMG-HCG, are the subject of this communication. In 3 women, pregnancy was associated with ovarian overstimulation, and two patients required emergency surgery because of torsion of an ovarian cyst. Two women aborted in mid-trimester, while the other 3 delivered by cesarean section at 33–35 wk gestation. 15 babies were born, weighing 700–2200 g. 8 infants suffered from respiratory distress syndrome and 5 babies were born with correctable malformations. 13 newborns survived, and all are mentally and physically well-developed. Four of the 5 women conceived again. The management of the patients during multiple gestation and the outcome of pregnancy are discussed.     

辅助生殖技术(ART)助孕获得多胎妊娠行减胎术后妊娠结局观察

目的:探讨辅助生殖技术(ART)获得的多胎妊娠孕早期行经阴道减胎术的有效性和安全性。方法:以经ART助孕获得多胎妊娠行经阴道减胎术的患者123例为减胎组,根据减胎后保留的胎儿数分为双胎组(A组,n=90)和单胎组(B组,n=33)。另以同期经ART助孕获得单胎妊娠(C组,n=36)和双胎妊娠(D组,n=57)的患者为对照组。回顾性分析患者的妊娠结局及妊娠期并发症发生情况。结果:减胎组的减胎成功率为100.0%,妊娠成功率为91.9%。A组胎膜早破发生率、早产发生率、新生儿低出生体质量发生率、新生儿重症监护室(NICU)入住率均高于B组(P<0.05)。结论:多胎妊娠孕早期行经阴道减胎术安全、有效、可行。多胎妊娠实施减胎术中减为单胎更为安全。     

延期妊娠引产对母儿结局的影响

目的:探讨引产对延期妊娠母儿结局的影响.方法:回顾性分析延期妊娠孕妇437例,其中引产组276例,自然临产组16l例.结果:①引产组的剖宫产率、平均住院日明显高于自然临产组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);②引产组和自然临产组的产后出血发生率、产褥病率、产时损伤发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);③羊水Ⅲ度粪染发生率、新生儿窒息发生率两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:对延期妊娠孕妇是否进行引产,需进行综合评价,选择适合孕妇的期待或引产方案.     

Barriers to Managing Diabetes During Pregnancy: The Perceptions of Health Care Practitioners

Abstract: Background: Uncontrolled pregestational diabetes in pregnancy is associated with an increased risk for a major birth defect and additional adverse pregnancy outcomes. The study objective was to investigate the concerns of health care practitioners who care for women with a history of diabetes during pregnancy and their perceptions of attitudes and barriers to achieving good glycemic control. Methods: Focus groups were conducted with physicians, midlevel practitioners, and certified diabetes educators in Atlanta, Georgia. Practitioners were eligible if they actively practiced, primarily in outpatient facilities in Atlanta, and were neither students nor interns. Six focus groups, two of each practitioner type, were conducted. Results: Practitioners stated that few of their patients planned their pregnancies. Practitioners perceived that pregnant women were concerned primarily about their babies and might not be aware of complications with their personal health. Their perceptions of the greatest barriers to glycemic control for women involved lack of knowledge, lack of access, and attitude. Conclusions: Educating women with diabetes about the importance of using effective birth control until they have achieved good glycemic control can help reduce the risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes. Motivators and barriers for a woman with diabetes to achieve glycemic control before, during, and after pregnancy should be considered when developing approaches to improve outcomes. Helping practitioners know what and how to address the needs of childbearing women with or at risk for diabetes can be beneficial. Additional efforts to increase women’s knowledge about diabetes and pregnancy and to develop effective strategies to encourage women’s achievement and maintenance of glycemic control before, during, and after pregnancy are needed. (BIRTH 38:2 June 2011)     

体外受精-胚胎移植中多胎减胎后双胎妊娠结局的分析

目的:探讨IVF-ET中多胎妊娠减胎术对双胎妊娠结局的影响。方法:回顾性地分析IVF-ET治疗后直接双胎妊娠124例(A组)和IVF多胎妊娠减为双胎妊娠43例(B组),比较二组孕期流产率、早产率、胎儿出生体重、胎儿畸形率、新生儿死亡率、胎盘粘连和产后出血等。结果:早期流产率A组8.1%,B组25.6%;晚期流产率A组16.9%,B组9.3%;总流产率A组25%,B组34.9%;A、B组间流产率有显著差异(P<0.01)。A、B组平均孕周(36.6±2.2周vs36.0±2.9周)、第一胎胎儿出生体重(2678.0±510.3gvs2542.5±454.8g)和第二胎胎儿出生体重(2393.4±496.8gvs2297.5±501.0g)间无统计学差异;A、B组间在母体并发症发生率、胎儿畸形率、新生儿死亡率之间也无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:IVF-ET中多胎减为双胎妊娠与IVF-ET中直接双胎妊娠相比,早期流产率明显增加。     

Pregnancy outcome in patients with ankylosing spondylitis

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate pregnancy outcomes in women with Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS), and the course of disease during pregnancy was also assessed.

Methods: This case–control study included 60 pregnant women who delivered in our clinic between March 2007 and 2015. Twenty of them diagnosed with AS formed the study group and 40 women were chosen as the control group. These patients were chosen and reviewed by their hospital records and were evaluated retrospectively in terms of their clinical characteristics, pregnancy complications and perinatal outcomes. The Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS), a new composite index to assess disease activity in AS, was used in the assessment of the patients.

Result: No adverse pregnancy outcome was noted in pregnant patients with AS. Mean age of AS patients was significantly higher than the controls (p?=?0.037). The proportion of female fetuses was higher in pregnancies with AS compared to pregnant patients with healthy controls (p?=?0.041). Fourteen (70%) of 20 patients displayed decrement in ASDAS during pregnancy. Course of AS was unaltered in 6 (30%) of 20 patients during pregnancy. Otherwise, the stage of the disease during pregnancy remained unchanged in 15 (75%) of cases as postpartum exacerbation was observed in 6 (30%). The reported symptoms of patients with AS during pregnancy were arthritis and uveitis.

Conclusions: Women with AS have a favorable pregnancy outcome, and pregnancy does not substantially aggravate disease activity or severity in these patients.