银杏叶中银杏萜内酯的GC—MS定性定量分析

目的建立银杏中银杏内酯A，B，C和白果内酯的定性定量分析方法。方法银杏叶以20％乙醇超声提取，乙酸乙酯萃取，再经酸性氧化铝-活性炭-硅藻土混合柱层析，在100℃以双-三甲基硅烷三氟乙酰胺硅烷化60min后，用HP-5NS毛细管色谱柱，柱温从180℃程序升温至300℃。采用选择离子监测(SIM)方式，以峰值最高的碎片离子作为监视离子进行定量分析。结果银杏内酯A，B，C和白果内酯的保留时间分别为13．7，14．3，15.3和6．8min，特征(监视)离子(m／z)分别为537，625，713及455(299)；平均回收率分别为102．0％，99．4％，96．0％和96．3％，RSD分别为0．54％，2．40％，1．98％和2．43％。结论本方法操作简便、重现性好、专属性强、准确可靠，可作为银杏萜内酯的定性定量分析方法。     

HPLC-ELSD法测定银杏叶分散片中萜内酯的含量

目的建立银杏叶分散片中萜内酯的含量测定方法。方法采用蒸发光散射检测器,以ODS柱（150mm×4．6mm）为色谱柱,以正丙醇-四氢呋喃-水（1：15：84）为流动相。结果白果内酯在7．848～39．24μg、银杏内酯A在3．8～19．0μg、银杏内酯B在7．08-35．40μg、银杏内酯C在3．768～18．840μg范围内进样量的对数与峰面积的对数线性关系较好,平均回收率依次分别为98．39％（RSD=0．31％）、98．41％（RSD=0．20％）、97．07％（RSD=0．48％）、98．39％（RSD=1．61％）。结论本法准确,重现性好,适用于银杏叶分散片中萜内酯的含量测定。     

银杏叶滴丸中萜类内酯测定方法的改进研究

目的 以银杏叶对照提取物为对照建立银杏叶滴丸中萜类内酯的定量测定方法。方法 采用HPLC-ELSD法,色谱柱为Diamonsil C₁₈柱（150 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）,流动相为甲醇-水（30∶70）,体积流量0.8 mL/min,ELSD检测器,漂移管温度105 ℃,氮气体积流量3.0 L/min。结果 银杏内酯A、银杏内酯B、银杏内酯C、白果内酯分别在1 672.2～10 033.2、1 026.4～6 158.4、527.8～3 166.8、2 200.8～13 204.8 ng呈良好的对数线性关系;银杏内酯A、银杏内酯B、银杏内酯C、白果内酯及总萜类内酯的平均回收率分别为100.3%（RSD 2.5%）、108.1%（RSD 3.5%）、116.0%（RSD 4.9%）、90.4%（RSD 0.6%）及99.3%（RSD 1.1%）。结论 本方法简单易行、可控性强、重复性好,可用于银杏叶滴丸中萜类内酯的定量测定,并为中成药中多指标成分同时测定提供了有效的思路和解决方案。     

HPLC-ELSD法测定银杏滴丸中银杏内酯A、B、C和白果内酯

目的 采用高效液相-蒸发光散射检测(HPLC-ELSD)法测定银杏滴丸中银杏内酯A、B、C及白果内酯。方法 样品以甲醇溶解,蒸干后水溶,醋酸乙酯提取处理。采用HPLC-ELSD法测定,ALLtech C18色谱柱(250 mm×45 mm,5 μm);流动相：甲醇-四氢呋喃-水(35∶10∶65);体积流量：0.8 mL/min;气速：2.85 L/min;漂移管温度：105 ℃;柱温：30 ℃。结果 银杏内酯A、B、C及白果内酯的平均加样回收率分别为98.5%、103.5%、99.7%、101.6%,RSD分别为25%、1.9%、2.8%、2.0%。结论 建立的滴丸制剂中银杏内酯A、B、C及白果内酯的定量方法可行性好、简便、可靠。     

国产和进口银杏叶片中萜类内酯的比较

目的 比较常用的国产与进口银杏叶片中所含萜类内酯,以保证临床用药的有效性。方法 采用Ultimate 3000高效液相色谱仪结合蒸发光散射检测器,Zorbax SB-C₁₈柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）,以正丙醇-四氢呋喃-水（1∶15∶84）为流动相,体积流量1.0 mL/min,漂移管温度115 ℃,压缩气体氮气体积流量为3.00 L/min,检测国产和进口2种银杏叶片各3批所含银杏内酯A、B、C和白果内酯的量,并计算内酯总量。结果/b> 2种银杏叶片每片所含银杏内酯A、B、C和白果内酯分别为（1.29±0.05）、（0.69±0.05）,（0.83±0.17）、（0.45±0.09）mg,（0.45±0.05）、（0.46±0.02）,（1.38±0.15）、（1.26±0.06）mg,内酯总量分别为（3.95±0.11）、（2.87±0.22）mg。结论 2种银杏叶片所含萜类内酯的量均符合中国药典的规定,其中二者所含银杏内酯C和白果内酯的量相似,但国产银杏叶片所含银杏内酯A、B的量以及内酯总量明显高于进口银杏叶片。     

HPLC—ELSD法测定银杏酮酯胶囊中萜类内酯的含量

目的：建立银杏酮酯胶囊中萜类内酯含量的测定方法。方法：采用高效液相色谱法蒸发光散射检测器（hizh performance liquid chromatography—evaporative light scattering detector,HPLC—ELSD）。色谱柱为Kromasil C18柱;四氢呋喃-甲醇-水（12：18：70）为流动相。ELSD检测参数：漂移管温度：101℃;载气：N2;流速：3．12L／min。结果：银杏酮酯胶囊中基质对萜类内酯的测定无干扰,银杏内酯浓度自然对数与色谱峰面积自然对数的线性关系良好,白果内酯、银杏内酯A、银杏内酯B、银杏内酯C的重现性试验RSD分别为1．09％、1．12％、1．21％、1．03％,萜类内酯的平均回收率为97．73％,RSD为1．44％。结论：本方法简便易行,可作为银杏酮酯胶囊中萜类内酯成分有效检测方法。     

高速逆流色谱法分离纯化银杏叶中白果内酯和银杏内酯A、B、C

目的从银杏叶中分离纯化白果内酯和银杏内酯A、B、C。方法银杏叶提取液经醋酸乙酯萃取、D-101大孔吸附树脂柱和Al2O3柱纯化后得到总内酯提取物,提取物再经两次高速逆流色谱分离制备4种内酯单体。结果25%乙醇热提取、醋酸乙酯萃取、D-101柱、pH4.0的Al2O3柱对总内酯的提纯最终使总内酯质量分数达到44.98%。经高速逆流色谱制备得到的白果内酯和银杏内酯A、B、C最高质量分数分别为98.3%、98.9%、98.8%、98.4%。结论本法简便快速、回收率高,为银杏叶中内酯单体的制备提供了一种新方法     

HPLC—ELSD法测定不同厂家银杏叶提取物中4种银杏内酯的含量研究

目的：制定一种简便、迅速、准确的银杏内酯含量测定方法，准确测定不同银杏叶提取物中4种银杏内酯的含量。方法：经处理过的银杏叶提取物采用HPLC-ELSD法测定其银杏内酯的含量。流动相为甲醇-水（25：75）；流速：1．0ml-min^-1；ELSD检测器；漂移管温度：104℃；载气流速：2．9L·min^-1；柱温：25℃。结果：建立的方法简便、准确、灵敏度高，能很好地控制银杏叶提取物的质量。所测不同厂家生产的银杏叶提取物中银杏内酯的含量均符合《中国药典》（2005版一部）的要求。     

HPLC-ELSD法测定银杏叶提取物及其制剂中银杏内酯A、B、C和白果内酯含量

目的建立HPLC-ELSD法测定银杏叶提取物（extract of Ginkgo biloba,EGb）及其制剂中银杏内酯A、B、C及白果内酯含量。方法以Kromasil C18为固定相,甲醇-四氢呋喃-水（1∶24∶75）为流动相,流速0.8 ml/min,柱温35℃,蒸发光散射检测器蒸发温度为100℃,气体流速为2.5 L/min,测定EGb及其制剂中银杏内酯A、B、C和白果内酯含量。结果银杏内酯A、B、C、白果内酯的定量限分别为0.106、0.104、0.105、0.105 mg/ml,银杏内酯A、B、C、白果内酯分别在0.127-0.506、0.129-0.548、0.131-0.576、0.131-0.561 mg/ml浓度范围内,其峰面积与浓度的线性关系良好（r〉0.999）,方法回收率为92.4%-100.8%,日内精密度及日间精密度的变异系数分别小于2%、3%。结论HPLC-ELSD法简单、准确,有利于银杏叶提取物中内酯类成分的质量控制。     

DA201型大孔吸附树脂分离银杏叶提取物中银杏内酯A、B、C和白果内酯的研究

银杏萜内酯主要包括银杏内酯A、B、C和白果内酯。银杏内酯B是一种很有应用前景的特异性血小板激活因子(PAF)受体拮抗剂，其专一性高，而银杏内酯A也是一种重要的昆虫拒食素，白果内酯对老年痴呆症和神经系统疾病具有一定疗效。目前，银杏萜内酯对心脑血管及外周血管疾病的有效疗效已使他成为药品及保健食品的原料。但目前银杏叶     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.