太极拳锻炼青年人抗氧化酶脂质过氧化水平的变化及其相关性

测试了长期坚持太极拳锻炼的青年学生（ｎ＝２５）及同龄非锻炼对照组（ｎ＝３４）的血浆脂质过氧化水平（ＬＰＯ）,全血超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ）及过氧化氢酶（ＣＡＴ）等抗氧化酶活力。ＬＰＯ采用硫代巴比妥酸比色法（以丙二醛ＭＤＡ表示）,ＳＯＤ采用邻苯三酚自氧化法,ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ采用ＤＴＮＢ直接法,ＣＡＴ采用紫外法（ｋ单位）。结果显示：太极拳锻炼组血浆脂质过氧化水平低于对照组（分别为４．５６±０．４０与４．８８±０．２５ｎｍｏｌＭＤＡ／ｍｌ）。反映机体抗氧化能力的ＳＯＤ、Ｇ…     

60Coγ射线分次照射对犬血浆和红细胞膜8-表氧-PGF2α含量的影响

目的 观察犬放射损伤时血浆与红细胞膜８－表氧－前列腺素Ｆ２α（８－表氧－ＰＧＦ２α）含量的改变，并与丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）比较，探讨测定８－表氧－ＰＧＦ２α对了解脂质过氧化反应的价值以及ＳＯＤ对其的影响，方法 用＾６０Ｃｏγ射线照射１８只成年杂种犬，实验分低剂量ＳＯＤ组，高剂量ＳＯＤ组及对照组，每组６只，吸收剂量率为０．６Ｇｙ／ｄ，共５天，计３．０Ｇｙ，测定照射前，照射过程中及照射后血浆与红细胞膜８－表     

氧惊厥大鼠脑突触体和线粒体脂质过氧化物和氨基酸递质水平的变化

观察高压氧（ＨＢＯ）惊厥大鼠脑突触体、线粒体的脂质过氧化物（ＬＰＯ）和突触体氨基酸递质水平的变化，以及抗氧化剂还原型谷胱甘肽（ＧＳＨ）预防氧惊厥的作用及其机理的探讨。方法实验用ＳＤ大白鼠，分为对照组（常压空气）、ＨＢＯ组（０．５５ＭＰａ，３０ｍｉｎ）和ＧＳＨ加ＨＢＯ组。进氧舱前３０ｍｉｎ，按８ｍｍｏｌ／ｋｇ腹腔内注射ＧＳＨ溶液或等容积０．９％ＮａＣｌ。按Ｇｒａｙ和Ｗｈｉｔｔａｋｅｒ方法制备突触体和线粒体，以Ｏｈｋｗａ方法测定ＬＰＯ含量与王自勉等方法测定突触体内氨基酸含量。结果ＨＢＯ组大鼠脑突触体和线粒体的ＬＰＯ含量显著增加，而突触体内Ｙ－氨基丁酸（ＧＡＢＡ）、牛磺酸（ｔａｕｒｉｎｅ）含量显著下降；氧暴露前预先给予ＧＳＨ，可防止ＨＢＯ引起的突触体内ＧＡＢＡ水平的降低，减少突触体ＬＰＯ的生成。结论氧惊厥的发生与脑内氧自由基生成增加，引起突触体和线粒体膜脂质过氧化作用增强，以及神经递质代谢紊乱有关。     

急性运动对血清超氧化物歧化酶的影响及其与有氧能力的关系

为了探讨急性运动对血清Ｔ－ＳＯＤ、Ｍｎ－ＳＯＤ及ＣｕＺｎ－ＳＯＤ活性的影响及它们与有氧能力的关系，让１４名青少年运动员在功率自行车上以逐级递增负荷的方式运动至力竭，测定了他们的ＶＯ２ｍａｘ及运动前后的血清Ｔ－ＳＯＤ、Ｍｎ－ＳＯＤ和ＣｕＺｎ－ＳＯＤ。结果发现：①急性运动可导致血清Ｔ－ＳＯＤ、Ｍｎ－ＳＯＤ活力发生非常显著的升高（Ｐ＜０．０１）。运动后血清ＣｕＺｎ－ＳＯＤ活性也有明显增加（Ｐ＜０．０５）。急性运动时血清ＳＯＤ活性增加可能是机体抗自由基损伤及延缓疲劳出现的一个防御机制。②血清Ｔ－ＳＯＤ、Ｍｎ－ＳＯＤ与ＶＯ２ｍａｘ之间存在着非常显著的正相关（Ｐ＜０．０ｌ）。ＣｕＺｎ－ＳＯＤ与ＶＯ２ｍａｘ之间也具有明显的相关性（Ｐ＜０．０５）。血清ＳＯＤ活性与有氧能力之间的密切关系，可能有利于更好地清除线粒体在有氧代谢过程中产生的氧自由基。     

不同海拔高度健康人超氧化物歧化酶和丙二醛的测定

对不同海拔高反的西安市（海拔３４０ｍ）、西宁市（２２６０ｍ）、茶卡镇（３１００ｍ）和甘德地区（４０８０ｍ）共１０８９例健康人进行了红细胞——超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）和血清丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）测定。结果表明：随着海拔高度的升高和大气压、大气氧分压的降低，血清ＭＤＡ明显增加（Ｐ＜０．０１），红细胞ＳＯＤ显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０１）。相关分析表明：ＭＤＡ与大气氧分压呈明显负相关（ｒ＝－０．９７９，Ｐ＜０．０５），ＳＯＤ与大气氧分压呈明显正相关（ｒ＝０．９８４，Ｐ＜０．０５）。本文对长期生活在高原低氧环境下居民ＭＤＡ升高和ＳＯＤ降低的原因进行了探讨。     

脑血管畸形磁共振血管成像与脑血管造影对照研究

目的：探讨了ＴＯＦ法ＭＲＡ评价脑血管畸形的价值及限度，材料与方法：２９例经ＭＲＩ（ｎ＝２９），脑血管造影（ｎ＝１５）和／或手术病理（ｎ＝１０）证实的脑血管畸形（ＡＶＭ２４例，ＡＶＦ２例，隐匿性ＡＶＭ３例）患者进行ＴＯＦ法ＭＲＡ检查，应用１．０Ｔ超导ＭＲ系统的二维或三维ＦＩＳＰ序列（预置０～３条预饱和带）和ＭＩＰ图像后处理技术，１５例同时经股动脉行全脑血管造影，采用Ｋａｐｐａ统计量对两种血管成像方法     

创伤性ARDS发生指数公式的应用及治疗

就１１０３例严重创伤病人中所发生的２２例ＡＲＤＳ的诊治，探讨了与ＡＲＤＳ发生相关的因素。指出创伤的类型，特别是胸部创伤与ＡＲＤＳ发生有明显相关性。强调凡怀疑ＡＲＤＳ倾向病人必须放在ＩＣＵ严重监测，以早期诊断和治疗。诊断上提介应用创伤性ＡＲＤＳ发生指数公式来监测分析。公式Ｉ＝ＰＦ－（Ｎ＋Ｔ＋Ｆ＋Ｍ＋Ｘ）。Ｉ：发生指数；ＰＦ：呼吸指数ＰａＯ２／ＦｉＯ２（氧分压／吸入氧浓度）之值，ＰａＯ２必须以ｋＰａ做     

加强营养支持对改善高原地区肺心病营养不良患者呼吸和免疫功能的作用

目的：为探讨加强营养支持对高原地区肺心病缓解期营养不良患者呼吸和免疫功能的作用；方法：对３０例高原（海拔２２６０～３２００ｍ）慢性肺心病缓解期营养不良（ＮＤ）患者在加强营养支持前后作了肺功能、吸气肌功能、动脉血气、血清免疫球蛋白和补体测定，并与本地肺心病营养正常（ＮＮ）患者对比；结果：ＮＤ组三头肌皮肤皱褶厚度（ＴＳＦ）、上臂中部周径（ＭＡＭＣ）、口腔最大吸气压（ＰＩｍａｘ）、最大跨膈压（Ｐｄｉｍａｘ）、ＰａＯ２、ＩｇＡ、Ｃ３、Ｃ４均明显低于ＮＮ组（Ｐ均＜０．０１），膈肌张力—时间指数（ＴＴｄｉ）和ＰａＣＯ２明显高于ＮＮ组（Ｐ均＜０．０１），两组ＦＥＶ１．０、ＩｇＧ、ＩｇＭ无差异性。ＮＤ组加强营养支持６周后，体重明显增加，ＴＳＦ、ＭＡＭＣ、ＰＩｍａｘ、Ｐｄｉｍａｘ、ＰａＯ２、ＩｇＡ、Ｃ３、Ｃ４明显提高（Ｐ＜０．０１或＜０．０５），ＴＴｄｉ，ＰａＣＯ２明显下降（Ｐ＜０．０１）；结论：加强营养支持治疗能明显改善高原地区肺心病营养不良患者的呼吸功能和增强其免疫功能。     

动态增强MRA的临床研究

目的与常规ＭＲＡ比较，并以手术或ＤＳＡ作为金标准，评估动态增强磁共振血管成像（ＤＣＥＭＲＡ）的图像质量和应用价值。方法４０例共１３２条体部血管同时作了常规ＭＲＡ和ＤＣＥＭＲＡ检查，前者以二维时间飞跃法（２ＤＴＯＦ）ＭＲＡ为主，后者以三维（３Ｄ）ＤＣＥＭＲＡ为主，部分病例屏气扫描（２０～３０秒），快速注射ＧｄＤＴＰＡ２０ｍｌ（０．１５～０．２ｍｍｏｌ／ｋｇ），造影剂注射速度和扫描时间依据靶血管的性质、部位、范围而定。结果４０例中３５例发现有血管病变，与手术或其他影像学方法检查结果一致。３０例主动脉弓及弓上分支、腹主动脉、腔静脉及门静脉的显示满意率，２ＤＴＯＦＭＲＡ为４０％，ＤＣＥＭＲＡ为９６％，颈动脉及下肢血管则分别为９０％、７０％。利用配对计数资料χ２检验，前者两种方法有显著性差异（χ２＝１６．６５，Ｐ＜０．００１），后者无显著性差异（精确卡方检验：χ２＝０．５８，Ｐ＞０．０５）。结论ＤＣＥＭＲＡ为新的磁共振血管成像技术，克服了常规ＭＲＡ的许多缺点，尤其对胸腹部血管，两种方法血管显示满意率有极显著性差异。屏气薄层３ＤＤＣＥＭＲＡ技术，几乎达到与ＤＳＡ相仿的结果，其临床应用潜能极大。     

脑肿瘤磁共振血管成像的初步研究

目的：应用ＴＯＦ法ＭＲＡ显示脑肿瘤的肿瘤血管、供血动脉、引流静脉和脑血管移位与侵犯等，以探讨ＭＲＡ无创性评价脑肿瘤的价值。材料与方法：对４３例脑肿瘤患者进行了ＴＯＦ法ＭＲＡ（ｎ＝４３）与脑血管造影（ｎ＝１５）和／或手术结果（ｍ＝４１）对比评价。采用１．０Ｔ超导ＭＲ系统，二维或三维ＦＩＳＰ扫描，用或不用预饱和技术和Ｇｄ－ＤＴＰＡ，ＭＩＰ重建获取ＭＲＡ图像。结果：ＭＲＡ准确了７６．２％的肿瘤富血管度，     

Oxidative stress in half and full Ironman triathletes

INTRODUCTION: Ultraendurance athletes who maintain a very high volume of exercise may, as a result of greater production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), be particularly susceptible to oxidative damage. PURPOSE: This study sought to examine and compare pre- and postrace markers of oxidative stress in ultraendurance athletes training for, and competing in, either a half or a full Ironman triathlon. METHODS: Resting and postexercise blood was sampled from 16 half Ironman triathletes, 29 full Ironman triathletes, and age-matched, relatively inactive controls. Blood was analyzed for markers of oxidative stress (malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration) and antioxidant status (glutathione peroxidase (GPX), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities). RESULTS: Compared with controls, the half Ironman triathletes had significantly (P < 0.001) higher erythrocyte GPX activity at rest, whereas the Ironman triathletes had significantly (P < 0.05) lower resting plasma MDA and significantly (P < 0.05) greater resting activities of GPX and CAT compared with controls. As a result of the half Ironman triathlon, there was a significant (P < 0.05) increase in MDA and significant (P < 0.05) decreases in erythrocyte GPX, SOD, and CAT activities. These changes also occurred in response to the Ironman triathlon; MDA significantly (P < 0.05) increased, and there were significant (P < 0.001) decreases in GPX, CAT, and SOD activities. Users of antioxidant supplements in both the half and full Ironman races had significantly (P < 0.05) elevated MDA after races compared with nonsupplementers. CONCLUSION: The present investigation indicates that training for and competing in half and full Ironman triathlons has different effects on erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activities and oxidative stress.     

高压氧对鼻咽癌细胞生长与氧自由基的影响

目的 通过观察高压氧处理后人鼻咽癌细胞系CNE-2细胞生长抑制率和死亡率及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)含量的变化,初步探讨高压氧处理对鼻咽癌细胞生长的影响及其机制.方法 将实验培养的人鼻咽痛CNE-2细胞分为A组(对照组)、B组(高压氧0.15 MPa)、C组(高压氧0.20 MPa)、D组(高压氧0.25 MPa)和E组(高压氧0.30 MPa).采用MTT法分析细胞生长抑制率,PI染色观察细胞死亡情况,并采用黄嘌呤氧化酶法测定SOD的含量、硫代巴比妥法测定MDA的含量.结果 高压氧处理各组的细胞死亡率、MDA含量均较A组明显增加,比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);各组鼻咽癌CNE-2细胞生长抑制率、死亡率和MDA含量比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),且均随高压氧处理压力升高而增加.结论 高压氧处理增加实验培养的人鼻咽癌CNE-2细胞生长抑制率、死亡率,可能与高压氧处理增加鼻咽癌CNE-2细胞内氧自由基有关.     

吸氧对大强度运动后自由基代谢、红细胞抗氧化系统的影响

目的：观察吸氧对大强度运动后自由基代谢、红细胞抗氧化系统的影响。２０名男子受试者参加本实验。结果：（１）运动后即刻，７０％Ｏ２吸氧组与不吸氧组的血清、红细胞中的ＭＤＡ、血清中的ＳＯＤ和ＧＳＨ显著高于安静水平。（２）运动结束后３０分钟，７０％Ｏ２吸氧组的红细胞中的ＭＤＡ显著低于不吸氧组。（３）运动结束后３０分钟，７０％Ｏ２吸氧组的血清ＳＯＤ和血液、血清中的ＧＳＨ显著高于不吸氧组。结果表明，运动后恢复期吸７０％Ｏ２对运动造成的自由基损伤有明显的抑制作用，可加速运动后体内代谢产物自由基的清除及加快疲劳的消除。     

茶多酚对5500m低压条件下吸纯氧引起的小鼠心肌自由基代谢异常的保护作用

目的 观察天然抗氧化剂茶多酚（Tea Polyphenols,TP)对模拟飞行低压吸纯氧引起的小鼠心肌自由基代谢异常的保护作用。方法 42只雄性昆明种小鼠随机分为3组（n=14):对照组（A）、5500m低压吸氧组（B）和TP保护组（C）。B、C两组置于动物低压舱在5500m低压下吸氧（＞96％）,2h/d,3d/wk,共8wk。上舱暴露前,C组灌胃给予TP100mg/kg,另2组给予蒸馏水。末次实验后次日将小鼠断头处死,迅速取出心肌组织。测定心肌超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性和丙二醛（MDA）、一氧化氮（NO）含量。另外,用免疫组化法对心肌组织Cu,Zn-SOD和诱生型NO合酶（iNOS)的含量进行定性观察。结果 与对照比较,B组MDA水平、SOD添性和Cu,Zn-SOD酶含量明显升高（P＜0．05）;TP有明显保护作用：降低MDA生成（P＜0．01）,SOD活性和含量恢复正常。与之相反,重复5500m低压吸氧暴露后,心肌NO含量和iNOS表达明显降低。重复给予TP使NO代谢恢复正常。结论 天然抗氧化剂茶多酚对模拟飞行低压吸纯氧引起的心肌自由基代谢异常具有保护作用。     

Effects of maximal static apnea on antioxidant defenses in trained free divers

PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of maximal static apnea on plasma antioxidant status, oxidative stress, and antioxidant enzyme activities in trained free divers. METHODS: Blood was taken from apnea-trained (Tr) and control (Con) subjects at baseline (B) and after one (A1), three (A3), and five (A5) apneas. Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), uric acid, and bilirubin assays assessed plasma antioxidant status and malondialdehyde (MDA) quantified the oxidative stress response. The activities of erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT) were determined at baseline and after the fifth apnea. RESULTS: TEAC was significantly higher in divers versus controls after A1 (P < 0.05). A group effect of SOD activity indicated higher activity throughout the protocol in Tr (mean +/- SD; Con, 43.2 +/- 10.1 U.g Hb; Tr, 50.1 +/- 7.3 U.g Hb; P = 0.04). With no other group differences, the groups' data were combined. Apnea significantly increased SOD (B, 44.1 +/- 11.1 U.g Hb; A5, 48.1 +/- 7.5 U.g Hb; P < 0.05) and GPx activity (B, 60.5 +/- 14.9 U.g Hb; A5, 70.1 +/- 16.0 U.g Hb; P = 0.02); however, CAT activity decreased (B, 5.25 +/- 0.59 U.mg Hb; A5, 5.00 +/- 0.53 U.mg Hb; P = 0.03). MDA was unaffected by apnea (P = 0.32). CONCLUSIONS: Trained free divers have increased SOD activity during apnea; however, there is little difference in their antioxidant and oxidative stress responses compared with controls. In both groups, acute changes in antioxidant enzyme activities suggest that they may protect from excessive antioxidant depletion and oxidative stress during apnea.     

Effects of inhalation of oxygen on free radical metabolism and oxidative, antioxidative capabilities of the erythrocyte after intensive exercise

Two groups, each containing 10 young healthy male students, participated in the study. One group breathed 70% O2 after exercise (70% O2 group) while the other group breathed normal air (Normal air group) after exercise. The results of the study show the following: (1) in both groups, the Monodehydyoxygenbate (MDA) in erythrocyte (RBC) and serum, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione Peroxidas (GSH-px) in serum were significantly higher immediately after exercise than at rest; (2) the MDA in RBC and serum were significantly higher in the Normal air group than in the 70% O2 group for 30 minutes after exercise; and (3) the SOD in serum and GSH-px in blood and serum were significantly higher in the 70% O2 group than in the Normal air group for 30 minutes after exercise. We suggest that the effects of inhaling 70% O2 could prevent fatigue from antagonizing free radicals damage, hastening removal of free radicals, which would facilitate recovery from fatigue.     

Antioxidant status of interval-trained athletes in various sports

Muscular exercise results in an increased production of free radicals and other forms of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Further, developing evidence implicates cytotoxins as an underlying etiology of exercise-induced stimuli in muscle redox status, which could result in muscle fatigue and/or injury. Two major classes of endogenous protective mechanisms (enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants) work together to reduce the harmful effects of oxidants in the cell. This study examined the effects of acute physical exercise on the enzymatic antioxidant systems of different athletes and comparison was made to the mechanism of action of three main antioxidant enzymes in the blood. Handball players (n = 6), water-polo players (n = 20), hockey players (n = 22), basketball players (n = 24), and a sedentary control group (n = 10 female and n = 9 male) served as the subjects of this study. The athletes were divided into two groups according to the observed changes of activity of superoxide dismutase enzyme. The antioxidant enzyme systems were characterized by catalase (CAT), glutathione-peroxidase (GPX), and superoxide-dismutase (SOD) and measured by spectrophotometry. An important finding in the present investigation is that when the activities of SOD increased, the activities of GPX and CAT increased also and this finding related to the physical status of interval-trained athletes. Positive correlation between SOD and GPX activities was observed (r = 0.38 females, r = 0.56 males; p < 0.05). We have observed that the changes in the primary antioxidant enzyme systems of athletes are sport specific, and different from control subjects. Presumably, with interval-trained athletes, hydrogen-peroxide is significantly eliminated by glutathione-peroxidase. From these results it can be concluded that the blood redox status should be taken into consideration when establishing a fitness level for individual athletes.     

运动、锌铜营养与自由基代谢——Ⅳ.运动员体内的自由基水平及其与锌铜营养状态的关系

本实验分析了国家优秀运动员及一般大学生运动员的血浆及红细胞丙二醛(MDA)含量、红细胞超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力,并对大学生运动员的血清锌、铜水平同时进行了测定。结果提示,优秀运动员的红细胞MDA含量显著低于大学生运动员;红细胞SOD、GSH-Px活力则显著高于大学生运动员。大学生运动员的红细胞SOD活力与其红细胞锌、血浆及红细胞铜水平均呈显著正相关。     

2.1 MPa和4.1 MPa氢氧环境下鼠生存的生物学评价

目的对处于高压氢氧环境下的小鼠和大鼠进行生物学毒性鉴定及生物效应评价。方法将实验鼠在2．1MPa和4．1MPa氢氧环境下暴露1～10h，以常压和对应高压氦氧环境作为对照。脑组织过氧化损伤、电生理和脑组织兴奋性毒性指标在高压下动态测定，各器官组织学、细胞应激和过氧化损伤指标在高压暴露前后测定。结果进行高压实验的动物全部存活。小鼠在10h的氢氧暴露期间以及返回常压后，脑电（EEG）密度谱并未改变。4个月后电镜下脑、肝未见异常。2．1MPa氢氧环境下小鼠脑干听觉诱发电位（BAEP）潜伏时比常压下略有延长；在4．1MPa氦氧和氢氧环境下BAEP潜伏时进一步延长，以氢氧环境更为明显。2．1MPa氦氧和氢氧环境下，大鼠血浆热应激蛋白（HSP-70）含量和小鼠脑细胞外液丙二醛（MDA）含量均略有升高。在大鼠心、肾、肝、脑中，只有肾脏MDA含量在氢氧暴露后出现异常升高。在2．1MPa氢氧与氦氧环境下，小鼠脑细胞外液谷氨酸含量未见差异，大鼠脑组织NO含量未呈现差异。结论在4．1MPa高压氢氧环境中，静水压与H2均有阻碍突触传递的作用，并且二者作用是叠加的。在2．1MPa高压氢氧环境中，除了肾脏的过氧化负担增加外，脑细胞兴奋性毒性、皮层电活动、细胞应激和细胞形态学指标均说明1～10h以内的暴露是安全的。     

高压氧反复暴露对小鼠淋巴细胞免疫粘附功能的影响

目的　探讨高压氧 ( HBO)不同暴露次数对小鼠淋巴细胞免疫粘附功能的影响。方法　小鼠暴露于 0 .2 5 MPa( 2 .5 ATA) 99.2 % O2 的 HBO下 ,每日暴露 2 h,连续暴露 1,3,5 ,10 ,15 ,2 0 d,测定脾脏和胸腺中淋巴细胞免疫粘附肿瘤细胞的能力及其脂质过氧化物的降解产物丙二醛 ( MDA)含量。结果　在 HBO暴露早期 ,淋巴细胞免疫粘附功能下降 ,随暴露次数增多 ,脂质过氧化程度减轻 ,淋巴细胞免疫功能不同程度回升。结论　高压氧暴露产生的氧自由基参与了机体免疫器官的损伤 ,这种损伤作用与暴露次数有关