Clinical results of stereotactic body radiotherapy for Stage I small-cell lung cancer: a single institutional experience

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the treatment outcomes of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for Stage I small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). From April 2003 to September 2009, a total of eight patients with Stage I SCLC were treated with SBRT in our institution. In all patients, the lung tumors were proven as SCLC pathologically. The patients'' ages were 58–84 years (median: 74). The T-stage of the primary tumor was T1a in two, T1b in two and T2a in four patients. Six of the patients were inoperable because of poor cardiac and/or pulmonary function, and two patients refused surgery. SBRT was given using 7–8 non-coplanar beams with 48 Gy in four fractions. Six of the eight patients received 3–4 cycles of chemotherapy using carboplatin (CBDCA) + etoposide (VP-16) or cisplatin (CDDP) + irinotecan (CPT-11). The follow-up period for all patients was 6–60 months (median: 32). Six patients were still alive without any recurrence. One patient died from this disease and one died from another disease. The overall and disease-specific survival rate at three years was 72% and 86%, respectively. There were no patients with local progression of the lesion targeted by SBRT. Only one patient had nodal recurrence in the mediastinum at 12 months after treatment. The progression-free survival rate was 71%. No Grade 2 or higher SBRT-related toxicities were observed. SBRT plus chemotherapy could be an alternative to surgery with chemotherapy for inoperable patients with Stage I small-cell lung cancer. However, further investigation is needed using a large series of patients.     

Stereotactic body radiotherapy for kidney cancer: a 10-year experience from a single institute

The purpose of this retrospective study was to investigate survival outcomes and irradiated tumor control (local control [LC]) and locoregional control (LRC) after stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for T1 or recurrent T1 (rT1) kidney cancer. Twenty-nine nonconsecutive patients with 30 tumors were included. SBRT doses of 70 Gy, 60 Gy or 50 Gy in 10 fractions were prescribed with a linear accelerator using daily image guidance. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to estimate time-to-event outcomes, and the log-rank test was used to compare survival curves between groups divided by each possible factor. The median follow-up periods for all patients and survivors were 57 months and 69.6 months, respectively. The five-year LC rate, LRC rate, progression-free survival (PFS) rate, disease-specific survival (DSS) rate and overall survival (OS) rate were 94%, 88%, 50%, 96% and 68%, respectively. No significant factor was related to OS and PFS. Three of 24 non-hemodialysis (HD) patients had new-onset-HD because of the progression of underlying kidney disease. Grade 3 or higher toxicities from SBRT did not occur. In conclusion, SBRT for kidney cancer provided a high rate of LC, LRC and DSS with minimal toxicities, but patient selection and indication for SBRT should be done carefully considering the relatively low OS rate.     

矽肺合并慢性阻塞性肺疾病

矽肺合并慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD)加重了肺组织结构的破坏,造成肺功能迅速下降。随着疾病的进展,后期易出现肺源性心脏病、呼吸衰竭等严重并发症,增加患者死亡风险。本文从矽肺合并COPD的致病危险因素和临床治疗两个方面进行简要综述。     

Outcomes of SBRT for lung oligo-recurrence of non-small cell lung cancer: a retrospective analysis

The benefit of local ablative therapy (LAT) for oligo-recurrence has been investigated and integrated into the treatment framework. In recent decades, stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) has been increasingly used to eliminate metastasis owing to its high rate of local control and low toxicity. This study aimed to investigate the outcomes of SBRT for patients with lung oligo-recurrence of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) from our therapeutic center. Patients with lung oligo-recurrence of NSCLC treated with SBRT between December 2011 and October 2018 at Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital) were reviewed. The characteristics, treatment-related outcomes, and toxicities of the patients were analyzed. Univariable and multivariable Cox regression were performed to identify the factors associated with survival. A total of 50 patients with lung oligo-recurrence of NSCLC were enrolled. The median follow-up period was 23.6 months. The 3-year local progression-free survival (LPFS), progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) after SBRT were 80.2%, 21.9% and 45.3%, respectively. Patients in the subgroup with LAT to all residual diseases showed significantly improved OS and PFS. No treatment-related death occurred after SBRT. SBRT is a feasible option to treat patients with lung oligo-recurrence of NSCLC, with high rates of local control and low toxicity. LAT to all residual diseases was associated with better survival outcomes. Future prospective randomized clinical trials should evaluate SBRT strategies for such patients.     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者体内骨膜蛋白的表达及其意义

目的 探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病(简称慢阻肺)患者体内骨膜蛋白的表达及其意义。方法 收集2018年1月—2019年1月徐州医科大学附属医院就诊的慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者(慢阻肺组)20例,和健康体检人群(对照组)21例,慢阻肺组和对照组统一完成抽血、肺功能检查和慢阻肺评估测试(CAT)评分,用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测血清中骨膜蛋白的表达,并分析骨膜蛋白与肺功能指标和CAT评分的相关性。结果 采用Mann-whitney 检验对患者肺组织中气道上皮和肺泡壁的骨膜蛋白水平进行组间比较,结果显示肺癌组高于非慢阻肺肺癌组,两组之间的差异有统计学意义(196.30 vs 172.04,177.54 vs 158.05,Z=-3.782和-3.781,均P＜0.001);慢阻肺组血清骨膜蛋白含量高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(42.71.3 vs 23.92,Z=-5.477,P＜0.001) ;采用Spearman相关性检验进行相关性分析,结果显示血清骨膜蛋白含量与FEV1占预计值%无明显相关(r=-0.04,P=0.623),与CAT评分无明显相关(r=0.16,P=0.121)。结论 慢阻肺患者体内骨膜蛋白表达增加,提示骨膜蛋白可能参与了肺部气道炎症反应。     

Differences in rates of radiation-induced true and false rib fractures after stereotactic body radiation therapy for Stage I primary lung cancer

The purpose of this study was to analyze the dosimetry and investigate the clinical outcomes of radiation-induced rib fractures (RIRFs) after stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT). A total of 126 patients with Stage I primary lung cancer treated with SBRT, who had undergone follow-up computed tomography (CT) at least 12 months after SBRT and who had no previous overlapping radiation exposure were included in the study. We used the Mantel–Haenszel method and multiple logistic regression analysis to compare risk factors. We analyzed D(0.5 cm³) (minimum absolute dose received by a 0.5-cm³ volume) and identified each rib that received a biologically effective dose (BED) (BED3, using the linear–quadratic (LQ) formulation assuming an α/β = 3) of at least 50 Gy. Of the 126 patients, 46 (37%) suffered a total of 77 RIRFs. The median interval from SBRT to RIRF detection was 15 months (range, 3–56 months). The 3-year cumulative probabilities were 45% (95% CI, 34–56%) and 3% (95% CI, 0–6%), for Grades 1 and 2 RIRFs, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that tumor location was a statistically significant risk factor for the development of Grade 1 RIRFs. Of the 77 RIRFs, 71 (92%) developed in the true ribs (ribs 1–7), and the remaining six developed in the false ribs (ribs 8–12). The BED3 associated with 10% and 50% probabilities of RIRF were 55 and 210 Gy to the true ribs and 240 and 260 Gy to the false ribs. We conclude that RIRFs develop more frequently in true ribs than in false ribs.     

Impact of pre-treatment C-reactive protein level and skeletal muscle mass on outcomes after stereotactic body radiotherapy for T1N0M0 non-small cell lung cancer: a supplementary analysis of the Japan Clinical Oncology Group study JCOG0403

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of pretreatment C-reactive protein (CRP) and skeletal muscle mass (SMM) on outcomes after stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for T1N0M0 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) as a supplementary analysis of JCOG0403. Patients were divided into high and low CRP groups with a threshold value of 0.3 mg/dL. The paraspinous musculature area at the level of the 12th thoracic vertebra was measured on simulation computed tomography (CT). When the area was lower than the sex-specific median, the patient was classified into the low SMM group. Toxicities, overall survival (OS) and cumulative incidence of cause-specific death were compared between the groups. Sixty operable and 92 inoperable patients were included. In the operable cohort, OS significantly differed between the CRP groups (log-rank test p = 0.009; 58.8% and 83.6% at three years for high and low CRP, respectively). This difference in OS was mainly attributed to the difference in lung cancer deaths (Gray’s test p = 0.070; 29.4% and 7.1% at three years, respectively). No impact of SMM on OS was observed. The incidence of Grade 3–4 toxicities tended to be higher in the low SMM group (16.7% vs 0%, Fisher’s exact test p = 0.052). In the inoperable cohort, no significant impact on OS was observed for either CRP or SMM. The toxicity incidence was also not different between the CRP and SMM groups. The present study suggests that pretreatment CRP level may provide prognostic information in operable patients receiving SBRT for early-stage NSCLC.     

应用糖皮质激素治疗急性加重期慢性阻塞性肺疾病的效果观察

目的 观察不同嗜酸性粒细胞水平的慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)患者接受不同剂量布地奈德治疗的效果。方法 将本医院收治的242例AECOPD患者随机分为对照组(雾化布地奈德 4 mg/d)和观察组(雾化布地奈德 8 mg/d),依据外周血嗜酸性粒细胞水平进一步分为四个组,对照A组85例,(EOS<2%)、对照B组39例(EOS≥2%)、观察C组76例(EOS<2%)和观察D组42例(EOS≥2%)。比较各组治疗后肺功能指标、慢性阻塞性肺疾病评估测试问卷(COPD assessment test,CAT)评分、药物副作用发生率。结果 各组治疗后用力肺活量(FVC)均有明显增加(A:204±52 mL,B:279±50 mL,C:235±61 mL,D:341±60 mL),各组之间差异均有统计学意义(F=60.053,P<0.001)。各组治疗后第一秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)均有明显增加[A:(162±69)mL,B:(224±73)mL,C:(191±64)mL,D:(276±79)mL],各组之间差异均有统计学意义(F=42.415,P<0.001)。各组治疗前CAT评分差异无统计学意义(A:28±5,B:27±4,C:27±5,D:26±4;F=2.382,P=0.070),治疗后CAT评分下降[A:(6±2),B:(9±4),C:(11±3),D:(16±5)],D组评分下降值最高(F=32.217,P<0.01)。各组副作用发生率差异无统计学意义(A:4.7%,B:2.6%,C:3.9%,D:4.8%;χ2=0.361,P=0.948)。结论 高EOS组较低EOS组对吸入激素治疗效果更好,且对高剂量ICS的治疗反应更好。外周血嗜酸性粒细胞水平可以作为评估COPD患者吸入ICS治疗反应的标记物。     

吸烟对慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期患者血小板活化及预后的影响

目的 探讨吸烟对慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重(AECOPD)患者血小板活化及预后的影响。方法 收集某医院呼吸科所收治的80例AECOPD患者,根据其吸烟情况分为非吸烟组(32例)和吸烟组(48例)。记录2组患者性别、年龄、病程、住院时间及病死率;检测血常规和膜糖蛋白的阳性表达率。比较吸烟对患者血小板活化指标、住院时间及生存率的影响;分析血小板活化与患者预后的相关性。结果 与非吸烟组相比,吸烟组患者的平均血小板体积(MPV)、GPⅡbⅢa阳性表达率、P选择素阳性表达率、总住院时间和死亡率均有不同程度增加。吸烟指数≥200年×支的AECOPD患者血小板MPV值、GPⅡbⅢa阳性表达率、P选择素阳性表达率、总住院时间和死亡率均高于吸烟指数<200年×支的患者。死亡组患者血小板MPV值、GPⅡbⅢa阳性表达率、P选择素阳性表达率均高于存活组。吸烟指数与血小板MPV值、GP ⅡbⅢa和P选择素阳性表达率均成正强相关(r=0.340,0.343,0.333;P均<0.05);与AECOPD患者住院时间及病死率成正强相关(r=0.628,0.510;P均<0.01)。AECOPD患者死亡率与血小板MPV值、GPⅡbⅢa和P选择素阳性表达率均成正强相关(r=0.539,0.581,0.526;P均<0.01);住院时间与血小板MPV值、GPⅡbⅢa和P选择素阳性表达率均成正强相关(r=0.523,0.512,0.572;P均<0.01)。结论 吸烟能够促进血小板的活化,增加AECOPD患者的住院时间,降低患者的生存率。     

肺康复锻炼结合心理干预对慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者心理状态及肺功能的影响

目的 探讨肺康复锻炼结合心理干预对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者心理状态及肺功能的影响。方法 选择2017年12月—2018年12月期间于某医院就治的慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)稳定期患者84例,按随机数字表法分为两组,各42例。对照组进行常规护理干预,研究组在此基础上采取肺康复锻炼结合心理干预。对比两组心理状态及肺功能。结果 干预前,2组SAS和SDS评分及肺功能相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);研究组干预后SAS和SDS评分[(40.11±5.06)分、(38.53±5.44)分]低于对照组[(44.25±6.18)分、(42.28±5.47)分],FEV1/FVC、FEV1%水平[(61.93±7.06)%、(55.34±5.61)%]高于对照组[(57.26±5.13)%、(51.28±6.05)%],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 肺康复锻炼结合心理干预能够改善慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者心理状态,增强肺功能,利于减轻患者痛苦。     

三位一体化护理对慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者肺功能及生活质量的影响

目的 探讨三位一体护理对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者肺功能以及生活质量的影响。方法 选择2017年2月—2019年2月于我院治疗的慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者88例,按随机数字表法将所有患者分为两组,每组各44例。对照组实施常规出院指导,观察组在对照组基础上实施三位一体护理,对比分析两组肺功能指标以及生活质量。结果 观察组干预后用力肺活量(FVC)、一秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)、一秒量比预计值(FEV1%)指标分别为(3.61±0.72)L、(2.78±0.56)L、(77.82±15.53)%,均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组干预后生理领域、心理领域、社会关系领域、环境领域分别为(76.63±6.19)分、(84.52±12.00)分、(81.52±13.67)分、(76.63±11.49)分,均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 三位一体化护理能够有效改善COPD患者的肺功能,利于提升生活质量。     

正常人及慢性阻塞性肺病患者的静息能量消耗

为进一步评价Harris-Benedict公式估算能量消耗的临床应用价值，采用开放式间接代谢测定仪测定65例健康成人及35例稳定期慢阻肺（COPD）患者的静息能量消耗（REE）。结果表明，65例健康成人REE为1492．15±250．83Kcal／d，比Harris-Benedict公式估算的基础能量消耗（BEE）高4．3％（P＜0．05）。35例稳定期COPD患者REE为1521．29±208．33Kcal／d，比BEE高20．39（P＜0．001），COPD患者公斤体重REE明显高于对照组（P＜0．001），且与体重占理想体重百分比及第一秒时间肺活量占预计值百分比呈显著负相关（γ值分别为－0．6，－0．57，P＜0．001）。提示CDPD患者静息能量消耗增高，且随体重及气道阻力的变化差异增大，应用HBE公式时需对其矫正。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病老年患者记忆障碍危险因素分析

目的探讨老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）患者记忆障碍患病情况及影响因素,为改善COPD老年患者记忆功能提供理论依据。方法整群选取于2009年12月—2010年12月住院的老年COPD患者138例,采用Rivermead行为记忆测验第2版（RBMT-Ⅱ）进行记忆功能测试。结果138例老年COPD患者均存在记忆障碍;单因素分析显示,年龄（χ²=50.164,P=0.000）、文化程度（χ²=55.771,P=0.000）、居住状况（χ²=9.877,P=0.043）、吸烟（χ²=11.683,P=0.003）、饮酒（χ²=7.689,P=0.021）、体育锻炼（χ²=12.633,P=0.013）、每天吸氧时间（χ²=31.728,P=0.000）、病程（χ²=39.927,P=0.004）、使用激素（χ²=6.248,P=0.044）、使用雾化吸入（χ²=21.027,P=0.000）、肺功能损害程度（χ²=13.072,P=0.011）、二氧化碳分压（χ²=25.355,P=0.000）等是老年COPD患者记忆障碍的发生影响因素（P<0.05或P<0.01）;多元线性回归分析结果显示,进入线性全回归方程模型的变量有文化程度（t=-6.234,P=0.000）、居住状况（t=-2.352,P=0.020）、病程长短（t=-3.929,P=0.000）、饮酒（t=-3.073,P=0.003）、每天吸氧时间（t=2.905,P=0.004）、肺功能（t=2.687,P=0.008）、二氧化碳分压（t=-1.987,P=0.002）。结论老年COPD患者记忆障碍的发生率高,且程度重,危险因素复杂。     

Nutritional and pulmonary function assessment in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease

This investigation was undertaken to determine the prevalence and degree of malnutrition among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and to determine if a relationship exists between nutritional assessment parameters and pulmonary function. Thirty-seven patients admitted for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to a respiratory care unit of a Veterans Administration facility were studied. Nutritional status was evaluated using anthropometric measurements, laboratory data and immunologic assay. Deficits in anthropometric measurements were frequent and severe in this group of patients. Furthermore, our data demonstrated that patients with a forced vital capacity <30% of predicted value had significantly reduced lean body mass as measured by the mid-arm muscle circumference (p<0.05). Investigation of the nutritional status of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease using controlled nutrition intervention trials may elucidate the relationship of nutritional state to pulmonary function in this group of patients.     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者心理状况及影响因素分析

[目的 ]　了解慢性阻塞性肺疾病 (COPD)患者心理状况和影响因素 ,探讨其诊断及处理方法。　 [方法 ]　选择 166例COPD患者 ,用Zung氏抑郁自量表 (SDS)和汉密顿抑郁量表 (HRSD)对COPD患者进行分析。　[结果 ]　COPD组患者分数显著高于健康组 ,COPD发作期组又显著高于稳定期组 ,其发病与年龄、社会支持、病程和病情的轻重等因素有关。　 [结论 ]　COPD患者伴有心理障碍 ,其发生与多种因素有关 ,治疗时要重视和兼顾心理症状的诊治。     

Nutritional status and dietary intake of outpatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Aim: To determine, in Australian chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) outpatients, the prevalence of nutritional depletion, adequacy of dietary intake and relationship between nutritional depletion and clinical indicators. Methods: Cross‐sectional study of 66 stable COPD outpatients (mean forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV₁) of 60% predicted (95% confidence interval 54, 67) ). Nutritional status was assessed using body mass index (BMI) and fat‐free mass index (FFMI). Four‐day estimated food records were compared with the new Australian Nutrient Reference Values. Clinical indicators included respiratory function and quality of life (QoL) using the St George Respiratory Questionnaire. Results: Thirty per cent of subjects (n = 20) were nutritionally depleted (BMI < 20 kg/m² and/or FFMI < 16.7 kg/m² (male) or <14.6 kg/m² (female) ). Low FFMI despite normal/high BMI was present in 20% of subjects (n = 13). Many subjects were not meeting estimated requirements for energy (n = 43 of 57), calcium (n = 47), fibre (n = 47), folate (n = 37), magnesium (n = 28) and zinc (n = 14). Nutritionally depleted subjects had significantly lower respiratory function (FEV₁ (% predicted) (P = 0.003) and FEV₁/forced vital capacity (%) (P = 0.038) ), while QoL scores were not significantly different. Conclusion: While nutritional depletion is a recognised complication of COPD that is predictive of early mortality, this is the first nutritional analysis of stable ambulatory COPD patients in Australia. One‐third of this sample was nutritionally depleted, characterised particularly by low fat‐free mass. Intake of energy and several nutrients was also inadequate. Prompt diagnosis and treatment of nutritional depletion are required, as it is highly prevalent in this population and associated with poorer outcomes.     

重症COPD人群脂代谢紊乱与CRP水平变化的临床分析

目的:观察重症慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)人群脂代谢紊乱与CRP水平的变化,探讨其对预后的影响。方法:97例健康体检者为对照组,85例重症COPD人群为观察组,采用全自动生化分析仪测定甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、载脂蛋白A1(ApoA1)、载脂蛋白B(ApoB)、ApoA1/ApoB、HDL-C/LDL-C、HDL-C/TC、脂蛋白a(Lipa)浓度;采用免疫散射比浊法测定CRP水平。结果:观察组人群TG、CRP水平明显高于对照组;HDL-C、ApoA1、Lipa浓度明显低于对照组,差别均有统计学意义;经多元回归分析重症COPD人群血清脂质代谢水平与CRP水平密切相关。结论:重症COPD人群脂代谢发生紊乱,血清TG、CRP水平明显升高,HDL-C、ApoA1、Lipa浓度明显降低,其脂代谢水平与CRP密切相关;早期诊断及时治疗与预后密切相关,诊治过程中应控制脂代谢紊乱与CRP变化并加强护理,提高治疗效果,改善预后,防止或延缓心血管疾病等并发症发生。