原位肝移植术后早期肝功能不全的相关危险因素分析

目的分析原位肝移植术后早期肝功能不全(early allograft dysfunction,EAD)的发生情况,并探讨EAD发生的相关危险因素。方法回顾性分析武汉大学人民医院2016年1月至2020年12月实施的74例原位肝移植病人的临床资料,对可能导致术后EAD的围手术期相关因素进行单因素分析,然后将有显著性差异的因素纳入Logistic回归多因素分析。结果74例肝移植病人术后EAD的发生率为36.5%(27/74)。单因素分析结果显示,受者术前中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(NLR)、术前血清总胆红素、术中失血量、术前肝功能Child-Pugh分级C级、术前终末期肝病模型(MELD)评分≥18分及术后出现胆道及血管并发症是EAD发生的潜在危险因素(均P<0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,肝移植术后EAD的独立危险因素为:术前MELD评分≥18分[OR=0.045,95%CI(0.003,0.605),P=0.045];移植术后出现胆道及血管并发症[OR=0.061,95%CI(0.009.0.419),P=0.004]。结论术前MELD评分≥18分及术后出现胆道及血管并发症是影响肝移植术后EAD的独立危险因素。临床上应该通过改善受者术前较差的肝功能和提高临床医师手术技巧来降低EAD的发生率。     

影响肝移植术后早期移植物功能障碍的危险因素分析

目的分析影响肝移植术后发生早期移植物功能障碍(EAD)的危险因素,并探讨其预防方法。方法回顾性分析2015年1月1日至2019年06月31日中山市人民医院进行肝移植患者112例,剔除资料不全者,纳入109例患者资料进行研究,对可能影响肝移植术后EAD发生的因素进行单因素和多因素logistic回归分析,并对多因素logistic回归分析结果行ROC曲线分析。结果供体术前乳酸(LAC)、供体年龄、受体身体质量指数(BMI)、受体术前白细胞(WBC)、受体术后淋巴细胞百分比(LYMPH%)、受体术后中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(NLR)、供肝冷缺血时间与非EAD组之间存在差异(P0.05),其中受体BMI、供体术前LAC和供肝冷缺血时间是肝移植术后发生EAD的独立危险因素(P0.05)。结论肝移植术后影响EAD发生的危险因素包括供肝冷缺血时间(313.50 min)供体术前LAC、供体年龄、受体BMI、受体术前WBC、受体术后LYMPH%、受体术后NLR,其中受体BMI、供体术前LAC和供肝冷缺血时间(313.50 min)是独立的危险因素。     

脑-心双死亡供肝与尸体供肝移植安全性比较

目的 探讨脑-心双死亡（donation after brain plus cardiac death,DBCD）供肝肝移植手术安全性及近期疗效。方法 收集本科肝移植相关资料：供肝热缺血时间（warm ischemic time,WIT）、冷缺血时间（cold ischemic time,CIT）、手术时间、受体无肝期时间,术后第1、3、7天肝功能变化（ALT、TBIL）,及术后早期各种并发症发生率等。按供肝来源不同分为DBCD组（观察组）与尸体供肝组（对照组）,比较两组相关资料的差异及与术后肝功能和并发症的关系。冷/热缺血时间和早期肝功能受损程度相关性分析采用Pearson检验。结果 与对照组相比,DBCD组热缺血时间较长[（9.5±2.2）min vs （4.9±1.5）min,t =10.719,P ＜0.001],冷缺血时间较短[（4.7±0.9）h vs （7.2±2.2）h,t =8.008,P ＜0.001]。术后第1、3天肝功能ALT和TBIL,DBCD组较对照组增高明显[（1 294.3±181.7）IU/L vs （641.3±41.0）IU/L,P =0.001;（497.4±56.4）IU/L vs （308.6±15.9）IU/L,P =0.003]。术后第7 天两组肝功能变化差异不大（P ＞0.05）。两组术后早期并发症率和手术死亡率比较无统计学意义差异（P＞0.05）。DBCD组数据显示热缺血时间长短与移植术后1周内ALT峰值呈正相关（r 2=0.826,P ＜0.001）。结论 DBCD组冷缺血时间较尸体供肝组缩短,但热缺血时间较尸体供肝组延长,总体在安全范围内且可控性良好,因此DBCD肝移植是安全的。     

公民器官捐献肝移植术后早期肝功能不全49例危险因素分析

目的分析49例公民器官捐献肝移植术后早期肝功能不全(EAD)的发生情况,探讨EAD发生的危险因素。方法回顾性分析2011年7月至2013年3月间中山大学附属第一医院实施的49例肝移植供、受体资料。在43个供体相关变量、6个手术相关变量及9个受体相关变量中筛选分析,寻找影响EAD的危险因素。结果移植术后EAD的发生率为40.8%,其中单纯由于术后7 d内谷草转氨酶(AST)或谷丙转氨酶(ALT)>2 000 U/L而获得诊断的受体比例为70.0%。EAD组和非EAD组术后1、6、12个月的受体累积生存率分别为80.0%、75.0%、75.0%和93.1%、93.1%、78.8%,组间差异无统计学意义(P=0.619)。多因素分析显示供体血ALT>200 U/L及血氯>115 mmol/L是EAD发生的独立危险因素。结论供体血ALT>200 U/L及血氯>115 mmol/L是独立影响术后EAD发生的危险因素。积极的供体维护、仔细的供体选择或可改善公民器官捐献肝脏移植的预后。     

不同CO2气腹压对腹腔镜胆总管探查术后肝肠功能的影响

目的 观察比较不同CO₂ 气腹压力对腹腔镜胆总管探查术后患者肝功能与肠功能的影响。方法 前瞻性分析2018 年1 月至2019 年6 月安徽医科大学附属安庆医院普外科符合标准的45 例腹腔镜胆总管探查术患者，采用随机对照的方法分为两组，A组23 例（气腹压力为8～12 mmHg），B组22 例（气腹压力为13～15 mmHg），比较两组患者术后肝功能、血清前白蛋白（PA）及肠功能恢复情况。结果 与B组比，A组术后第1 天血清ALT [（55.51±19.43）U/L vs（ 69.90±19.82）U/L，P=0.018]、AST [（58.26±16.09）U/L vs（ 71.64±19.43）U/L，P=0.009]、血清TBIL [（23.44±7.88）μmol/L vs（ 32.48±13.96）μmol/L，P=0.010]，均明显降低（P＜0.05）。两组术后第4 天血清ALT、AST、TBIL均基本恢复至正常水平。两组PA水平均在术后第1天有所下降，组间差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。术后第4天PA值，A组明显高于B组[（34.90±5.67）mg/dL vs（ 28.08±4.41）mg/dL，P＜0.05）]，A组术后肠鸣音恢复时间[（11.22±3.42）h vs（18.50±5.87）h，P＜0.001]、排气时间[（15.74±2.94）h vs（ 22.95±5.33）h，P＜0.001]均短于B组（P＜0.05）。两组手术时间[（68.52±15.57）min vs（ 60.45±16.85）min，P=0.10]差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 8～12 mmHg气腹压力对腹腔镜胆总管探查术患者肝功能、前白蛋白的影响相对较小，适当的低气腹压更利于腹腔镜胆总管探查术患者的早期恢复。     

减少肝移植术后胆道缺血性损伤的临床路径

目的：针对肝移植术后并发症缺血性胆道损伤（ITBL）,试图建立区分各种导致ITBL的危险因素的临床路径,降低ITBL的发生率。方法：记录随访335例行原位肝移植术（OLT）病例的可能导致胆道缺血的危险因素,包括供肝热缺血时间、冷缺血时间、温缺血时间及供肝脂肪肝情况等。按照冷缺血时间分两组I：TBL组和正常组。比较其他危险因素在两组间的差别。结果：冷缺血时间控制〈8 h,正常组81例,ITBL组2例,热缺血时间差别有统计学意义（P=0.017）;8～12 h,正常组150例I,TBL组25例,胆道温缺血时间差异有统计意义（P=0.033）;〉12 h,正常组57例I,TBL组20例,供肝脂肪肝发生率差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：为避免ITBL,冷缺血时间〈8 hI,TBL的发生率很低,只要控制好热缺血时间即可;冷缺血时间8~12 h,尽量将胆道温缺血时间控制在1 h左右;冷缺血时间〉12 h,对于有严重脂肪变的边缘供体可以考虑弃用。     

冷缺血时间对脑-心双死亡供肝移植术后早期肝功能的影响

目的 探讨冷缺血时间(cold ischemic time,CIT)对脑-心双死亡(donation after brain plus cardiac death,DBCD)供肝肝移植术后早期肝功能的影响.方法 前瞻性地评估DBCD供肝肝移植术后1周肝功能的变化,通过与心脏死亡(donation after cardiac death,DCD)供肝肝移植比较,分析CIT与术后1周肝功能受损程度的相关性以及早期肝功能受损程度与术后早期并发症的相关性.结果 DBCD组CIT时间较DCD组明显缩短(4.6±1.8h比7.9±3.7h,P=0.002).DBCD组术后第1、3天ALT明显低于DCD组(535±227 IU/L比864±386 IU/L,P=0.026;254±94 IU/L比519±165 IU/L,P=0.003),相应的DBCD术后早期相关并发症发生率也明显低于DCD组(26.7％比57.1％,P=0.03).CIT时间长短与术后1周肝功能受损程度明显正相关(r2=0.914,P＜0.001),而术后早期肝功能的受损程度则与术后早期并发症的严重程度明显正相关(rs=0.791,P=0.002).结论 DBCD供肝肝移植具有较短的冷缺血时间,移植术后早期肝功能受损程度明显减轻,术后早期相关并发症也相应减少.DBCD是当前较为理想的供肝肝移植治疗模式.     

肝移植术后早期肺部细菌感染的危险因素分析

目的 分析原位肝移植术后早期肺部细菌感染的发生情况及其危险因素。方法 回顾性分析笔者所在医院2010年1月至2012年6月期间行下腔静脉逆灌注法原位肝移植术的96例终末期肝病患者的临床资料。采用多因素非条件logistic回归分析探索肝移植术后早期肺部细菌感染的危险因素。结果 96例患者中有29例于肝移植术后早期发生肺部细菌感染,感染率为30.21%,其中感染G-需氧菌19例（65.52%）,感染G＋需氧菌10例（34.48%）。患者的术前终末期肝病模型评分（OR=2.165,P=0.001）、术中输血量（OR=1.952,P=0.003）、术后3 d血肌酐平均值（OR=1.913,P=0.001）、术后3 d液体负平衡时间（OR=0.196,P=0.023）及术后住院时间（OR=1.923,P=0.003）均与术后早期肺部细菌感染有关。结论 原位肝移植术后早期易发生肺部细菌感染。术前改善患者基础状况、术中控制输血量、术后控制输液量和住院时间及术后改善肾功能均可减少术后早期肺部细菌感染的发生。     

公民身后器官捐献肝移植术后早期细菌和真菌感染并发症的临床特点与危险因素分析

目的对比分析公民身后器官捐献与传统司法途径器官捐献肝移植术后早期受体细菌和真菌感染并发症的临床特点,探讨公民身后器官捐献肝移植受体术后感染的危险因素。 方法回顾性研究2011年1月至2013年12月间本中心实施的公民身后器官捐献肝脏供、受体（研究组）和司法途径来源器官捐献的肝移植受体病例（对照组）,比较两组受体术后细菌、真菌感染的临床特点和预后,分析术后受体感染的危险因素。 结果共纳入公民身后器官捐献肝脏供体43例;研究组受体72例,对照组受体80例。研究组受体的细菌、真菌感染总发生率显著高于对照组（47.2% vs 31.2%）（χ²=4.071,P=0.044）。研究组受体术后1周内的细菌感染率高于对照组（64.5% vs 38.2%）（χ²=6.133,P=0.018）。供体捐献前感染和开放性创伤史是术后受体感染的独立危险因素（P=0.025、0.031）。4例疑似供体来源性受体感染,占研究组总感染例数的11.8%（4/34）。 结论使用公民身后器官捐献来源器官的肝移植术后受体感染发生率显著高于传统司法途径来源,发生细菌感染的时间更早。供体器官捐献前存在感染和有开放性创伤是肝移植术后受体发生感染的危险因素。     

改良双孔法与常规双孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除术的对比研究

目的 探讨比较改良双孔法与常规双孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC）的临床疗效和安全性。方法 将2017年1月至2017年7月期间在武警安徽总队医院接受双孔LC的60例患者资料进行前瞻性研究。随机分为两组,实验组30例行改良双孔法LC,对照组30例行常规双孔法LC。比较两组患者的手术时间、出血量、术后卧床时间、通气时间、术后恢复饮食时间、疼痛程度、术后住院天数及手术操作舒适度。结果 两组术后卧床时间[（20.70±1.71）h vs（21.40±1.73）h,P=0.14]、通气时间[（17.70±2.18）h vs（18.40±2.17）h,P=0.22]、术后恢复饮食时间[（18.70±2.10）h vs （18.50±1.63）h,P=0.63]、疼痛程度[（1.8±0.68）vs（1.8±0.70）,P=0.85]及术后住院时间[（3.77±0.68）d vs（3.93±0.74）d,P=0.37]的差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。但两组手术时间[（23.30±2.84）min vs（36.13±7.25）min,P＜0.001]、出血量[（13.38±3.86）mL vs（16.53±4.42）mL,P=0.015]和手术操作舒适度[（4.60±0.50）vs（3.73±0.83）,P=0.03]差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 与常规双孔法LC相比,改良双孔法安全性更高,更容易操作,值得临床推广。     

Analysis of clinical variables of donors and recipients with respect to short-term graft outcome in human liver transplantation

Donor and recipient factors are closely associated with graft survival after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). This study was performed to analyze clinical characteristics of recipients and donors, which affect 30-day graft loss after OLT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred eighty-six livers from heart-beating donors were accepted between May 1997 and June 1998 at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center. Donor variables that were analyzed included age, sex, cold ischemia time (CIT), warm ischemia time (WIT), imported versus local procurement, cardiopulmonary arrest, serum sodium level, and dopamine dose. The recipient characteristics included native liver disease and UNOS status. Two-sided Fisher exact test and stepwise logistic regression were used for univariate and multivariate analyses. P-values < .05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Twenty-eight grafts (15.1%) were lost within 30 days of OLT. The following factors were found to adversely affect graft survival: donor sodium > 155 mEq/L (P = .002); CIT > 12 hours (P = .002); WIT > 45 minutes (P = .002); and imported liver graft (P = .048). Logistic regression revealed that donor sodium (odds ratio, 3.03; 95% CI, 1.05 to 8.74), CIT (OR 1.20; 95% CI 1.05 to 1.38), WIT (OR 1.06; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.09) were independent predictors of early graft loss. CONCLUSION: Donor hypernatremia as well as warm and cold ischemia times independently affect graft outcomes in the early postoperative period after OLT. Avoidance of long preservation and correction of donor sodium level are recommended to optimize results and survival in OLT.     

小型猪小体积肝移植模型的建立

目的研究构建成熟稳定小型猪小体积肝移植模型的方法。方法选用体重一致的广西巴马小型猪20只,按照随机原则分为供体组和受体组各10只。在获取供肝的过程中即进行减体积操作,切除左半肝并保留肝中静脉主干。受体采用经典原位非静脉-静脉转流法行小体积肝移植。记录受体肝移植的手术时间,供肝热缺血时间、冷缺血时间,受体无肝期时间。观察移植术后2周存活情况及手术相关并发症。结果手术时间5～7h,平均6h;供肝热缺血时间2～3min;冷缺血时间(116±16)min;无肝期时间(35±4)min。术中小型猪均无死亡。10只受体猪中,2只死于手术相关并发症,其中1只于术后10h死于肝断面出血,另1只于术后2d死于切口疝。其余8只受体猪皆存活超过2周,2周存活率达80%,均未发生手术相关并发症。结论在供体手术中切除左半肝并保留肝中静脉主干,受体采用经典原位非静脉-静脉转流法行小型猪小体积肝移植模型构建是可行且稳定的。     

Risk factors of early liver dysfunction after liver transplantation using grafts from donation after citizen death donors

BackgroundAs an early complication after liver transplantation, early allograft dysfunction (EAD) indicates a poor prognosis. This study analyzes the risk factors related to early allograft dysfunction (EAD) after liver transplantation using grafts from donation after citizen death (DCD) to provide a reference for the prevention of EAD after DCD liver transplantation.MethodsA total of 32 patients who underwent DCD liver transplantation in the organ transplantation center of our hospital from September 2013 to January 2021 were enrolled in this study. The patients were divided into the EAD group and non-EAD group according to whether they developed EAD after transplantation. The general data of the donors and recipients before transplantation, intraoperative conditions, and clinical data within one week after transplantation were compared between the two groups, and related complications were statistically analyzed. The follow-up time was one week postoperatively or, if they died within the first week postoperatively, until the patient died.ResultsThe subjects included 10 females and 22 males, and the incidence of postoperative EAD was 25% (8/32). Four patients (12%) had primary malignant tumors (primary liver cancer and cholangiocarcinoma), and five donors (15%) had fatty liver. The univariate analysis revealed that the donor BMI (P = 0.005), degree of fatty liver (P = 0.025), aspartate aminotransferase (P = 0.001), alanine aminotransferase (P < 0.001), and total bilirubin (P = 0.009) were related to the occurrence of EAD after DCD liver transplantation. By analyzing the correlation between the incidence EAD and postoperative complications after liver transplantation using grafts from DCD donors, it was shown that the incidence of primary nonfunction (PNF) is related to EAD (P = 0.024).ConclusionDonor BMI, the degree of fatty liver, and preoperative liver function are risk factors for EAD after DCD liver transplantation, and the occurrence of EAD after DCD liver transplantation significantly increases the probability of PNF.     

血红素氧合酶-1基因转染对大鼠供肝缺血再灌注损伤的抗凋亡作用

目的 应用转染血红索氧合酶-1(HO-1)基因研究其在大鼠供肝缺血再灌损伤(IRI)中的抗凋亡作用.方法 将转染HO-1基因的腺病毒载体和空载体分别注入供体大鼠腹腔(n=8),36 h后取肝冷保存4 h行大鼠原位肝移植.缺血再灌注6 h检测肝功能、肝细胞凋亡率和肝组织HO-1、bcl-2、hel-xl和Caspase-3的表达.结果 (1)实验组的肝功能明显改善、肝细胞凋亡率显著低于对照组[(1.09±0.28)%比(8.30±1.08)%,P<0.01].(2)Western blot检测肝组织HO-1、bel-2和bcl-xl,灰度比值实验组显著高于对照组(HO-1:0.275±0.065比0.035±0.03;bcl-2:0.275±0.025比0.06±0.07;bcl-xl:(0.099±0.041比0.064±0.064,P<0.01),而Caspase-3则显著低于对照组(0.08±0.04比0.21±0.09,P<0.01).结论 HO-1在供肝IRI中通过上调bel-2、bel-xl和下调Caspase-3对供肝有显著的抗凋亡保护作用.     

供肝热缺血后对冷保存的耐受时限初步探讨

目的探讨供肝热缺血后耐受冷保存的安全时限。方法利用本组所建立的小型猪肝移植模型,设定供肝热缺血时间为20min,根据在UW液中的冷保存时间不同分为3组,分别冷保存12、16、20h,于肝移植术中及术后检测肝功能、肝脏病理、肝组织ATP含量、移植肝脏再灌注后微循环血流量及动物术后1周存活率。结果UW液冷保存12h组肝移植后小型猪1周内全部存活,而冷保存16、20h组存活率分别为20%、0%;随着冷保存时间的从12h延长到20h,ALT、AST逐渐上升,肝脏ATP含量、肝脏微循环血流量逐渐下降,形态学结果显示肝组织细胞变性、坏死及超微结构损害的程度逐渐加重。冷保存12h组与后两组上述指标存在显著性差异,生化及肝脏微循环指标的改变与病理结果及动物生存率相符合。结论在本实验条件下,热缺血时间为20min的供肝耐受冷保存的安全时限约为12h。     

家犬无搏动供体心脏耐受热缺血时限的研究

目的 观察无博动供体(NHBDs)心脏可耐受热缺血的时限.方法 通过窒息法和放血法获得不同热缺血时间的家犬NHBDs心脏,以无热缺血心脏为对照组,其他各时间段为实验组,NHBDs心脏在4℃HTK液中保存2 h后进行原位心脏移植,供心复跳后继续辅助循环60min后撤机.监测再灌注3 h后的血流动力学参数,测定再灌注3 h后心脏组织含水量和超微结构改变.结果 窒息法获得的家犬NHBDs心脏能耐受的热缺血时间为16 min,热缺血17 min为其功能转折点;放血法获得的家犬NHBDs心脏能耐受的热缺血时间为27min,热缺血28min为其功能转折点.在热缺血安全时限点获得的NHBDs心脏用于移植后,窒息法NHBDs心脏的左室舒张功能(-dp/dtmax)要低于放血法NHBDs心脏(1361.68±231.47比1641.68±192.47,P＜0.05),但两者在左室收缩功能上差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 窒息法和放血法获得的家犬NHBDs心脏在耐受热缺血时都存在功能转折点,两者之间相差有11min.在热缺血安全时限内保存2 h的犬NHBDs心脏均成功用于移植,这为NHBDs心脏的初步活性判断提供实验依据.

Abstract：

Objective To study the warm ischemia time limit of non-heart-beating donors ( NHBDs) heart for transplantation. Methods The NHBDs heart endured different warm ischemia time limit by asphyxiation or depletion method in Canis familiaris ( 15 ± 3) kg, being harvested and preserved in 4 ℃HTK solution for transplantation. The NHBDs heart endured 0 min warm ischemia time as control. All NHBDs hearts were preserved for 2 h and transplanted to weight-matched recipients. The assist circulation was removed when the donor heart re-beat for 60 min, and the hemodynamic parameters were monitored at 3 h after reperfusion. Meanwhile, cardiac ultramicrostructure was also examined at 3 h after reperfusion. Results The warm ischemia time limit was 16 min in NHBDs heart induced by asphyxiation, and 27 min in NHBDs heart induced by depletion method in Canis Familiaris. The diastolic function of left ventricle ( - dp/dtmax) was decreased significantly in asphyxiation NHBDs heart ( 1361.68 ± 231.47 vs 1641.68 ±192.47 ,P ＜0. 05), but there was no significant difference in contractile function between asphyxiation or depletion Methods (P ＞ 0. 05 ). Conclusion The NHBDs heart harvested by asphyxiation or depletion method in Canis Familiaris all had a warm ischemia time limit and break point of function.     

The impact of donor variables on the outcome of orthotopic liver transplantation for hepatitis C

Morphologic characteristics of the graft have been proposed as a major contributor to the long-term outcomes in orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Our objective was to determine the impact of donor variables, including donor age, donor-recipient HLA match, and type of donation (DCD vs donation after brain death [DBD]), on the outcome of OLT in 192 patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV). Fourteen patients underwent OLT from donation after cardiac death (DCD) donors and 188 from DBD donors. Mean donor age, warm ischemia time at recovery, and cold ischemia time were similar between the groups. Overall graft survival rate at 1 year (55% DCD vs 85% DBD) and 5 years (46% DCD vs 78% DBD) was significantly lower in the DCD group (P = .0003). Similarly, patient survival rate at 1 year (62% DCD vs 93% DBD) and 5 years (62% DCD vs 82% DBD) was significantly lower in the DCD group (P = .0295). Incidences of hepatic artery thrombosis, portal vein thrombosis, and primary nonfunction were similar between the DCD and DBD groups. The incidence of liver abscess with ischemic-type biliary stricture was higher in recipients from DCD as compared with DBD (42% vs 2%). A trend toward lower graft survival was noted in recipients from donors older than 60 years of age in the HCV population (P = .07), with statistically lower patient survival (P = .02). Donor- recipient HLA matching did not appear to correlate with OLT outcome in patients with HCV. DCD donors and donors older than 60 years of age significantly impact patient and graft survival. Lower graft and patient survival in recipients from DCD donors does not appear to be related to early disease recurrence.     

Impact of donor, technical, and recipient risk factors on survival and quality of life after liver transplantation

HYPOTHESIS: Donor, technical, and recipient risk factors cumulatively impact survival and health-related quality of life after liver transplantation. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Tertiary care center. PATIENTS: A total of 483 adults undergoing primary orthotopic liver transplantation between January 1, 1991, and July 31, 2003. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Graft and patient survival, Karnofsky functional performance scores, Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 Health Survey scores, and Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale scores as influenced by potential risk factors including donor age, weight, warm ischemia time, cold ischemia time (CIT), sex, United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) status (1 or 2A vs 2B or 3), recipient age and disease, bilirubin level, and creatinine level. RESULTS: Five-year graft survival was 72% for recipients of donors younger than 60 years and 35% for recipients of donors 60 years and older (P<.001). A CIT of 12 hours or more was associated with shorter 5-year graft survival (71% vs 58%; P = .004). Five-year graft survival for UNOS status 2B or 3 was 71% vs 60% for status 1 or 2A (P = .02). A comparable pattern was seen for patient survival in relation to donor age (P = .003), CIT (P = .005), and urgency status (P = .03). Urgent UNOS status, advanced donor age, and prolonged CIT were independently associated with shorter graft and patient survival (P<.05). Functional performance and health-related quality of life were not affected by donor, recipient, or technical characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: Combining advanced donor age, urgent status, and prolonged CIT adversely affects graft and patient survival, and the cumulative effects of these risk factors can be modeled to predict posttransplant survival.     

供肝热缺血与肝移植术后肺损伤关系的实验研究

目的：探讨心脏停搏供体肝移植中，供肝热缺血与肝移植术后肺损伤的关系。方法：实验以供肝获取前经历的心脏停搏时间0、30和60min分为3组，分别为有心跳组（HB组）、心脏停搏30min组（NHBD－30组）和心跳停搏60min组（NHBD－60组），而后行大鼠原位肝移植。比较术后血清中肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）－α细胞间粘附分子－1（ICAM－1）的变化，并观察肺组织病理和肺组织中ICAM－1免疫组织化学表达。结果：随着供肝热缺血时间的延长，肺组织损害也逐渐回重，术后血清中TNF－α和ICAM－1的值呈上升趋势，各组间差异有显著性。术后6h NHBD-60组出现肺组织中ICAM－1的强表达。结论：在心脏停搏供体肝移植中，TNF－α和ICAM－1的表达上调与术后肺组织损伤有关。