吲哚美辛对ERCP术后高淀粉酶血症及胰腺炎的预防作用

目的观察常规直肠应用吲哚美辛栓剂对内镜下逆行胰胆管造影术(endoscopic rectrograde cholangiopancreatography,ERCP)术后高淀粉酶血症、胰腺炎的预防作用。方法回顾性分析2009年1月至2014年12月,池州市人民医院消化内镜中心行ERCP治疗的166例临床患者资料,其中术前预防性使用吲哚美辛栓纳肛的病例94例,未使用吲哚美辛72例,比较两组ERCP术前、术后3 h、术后24 h血清淀粉酶水平及术后高淀粉酶血症、胰腺炎的发生率。结果 2组患者术前血淀粉酶无统计学差异(78.0±6.9 vs 87.8±7.8,P0.05),但吲哚美辛组术后3 h血淀粉酶水平显著低于对照组(175.6±67.7 vs438.6±77.4,P0.01),24 h血淀粉酶也低于对照组(227.8±37.3 vs 239.8±38.1,F=19.93,P0.01)。吲哚美辛纳肛组ERCP术后高淀粉酶血症发生率低于对照组(3.2%vs 5.6%,P0.01),吲哚美辛纳肛组ERCP术后胰腺炎发生率也低于对照组(7.4%vs 12.5%,P0.01)。结论 ERCP术前使用吲哚美辛可以预防ERCP术后高淀粉酶血症及术后急性胰腺炎的发生,可以作为常规预防手段使用。     

吲哚美辛栓预防ERCP术后胰腺炎及高淀粉酶血症临床效果研究

目的观察并比较吲哚美辛栓预防经内镜逆行性胰胆管造影术(ERCP)后胰腺炎及高淀粉酶血症的临床效果。方法将2013年6月~2015年6月间本院内镜中心收治的204例接受ERCP诊治患者随机分为2组:吲哚美辛组于术前30min经直肠给与吲哚美辛栓剂100mg,对照组不予任何预防药物。检测所有患者术前、术后6h、12h、24 h血清淀粉酶水平,比较2组患者ERCP术后胰腺炎(PEP)和高淀粉酶血症发生率,观察不良反应。结果 2组患者ERCP术前血清淀粉酶均为正常值。术后6h、12h、24h血清淀粉酶水平与术前比较均升高,两组差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。吲哚美辛栓组、对照组PEP发生率分别为4.00%、18.37%,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=3.810,P0.05);吲哚美辛组、对照组ERCP术后高淀粉酶血症发生率分别为32.00%、55.10%,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=5.437,P0.05)。吲哚美辛组未出现严重不良反应。结论 ERCP术前预防性直肠应用吲哚美辛栓可有效降低PEP和高淀粉酶血症的发生率,且安全性好。     

硝酸甘油预防ERCP术后胰腺炎及高淀粉酶血症的临床应用研究

目的 探讨硝酸甘油对经内镜逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)术后胰腺炎(PEP)和高淀粉酶血症的预防作用.方法 选择2008年1～12月在山东省交通医院肝胆外科住院治疗、经CT或MRI证实为胆总管结石、拟实施ERCP、经内镜乳头括约肌切开术(EST)及经内镜取石的患者100例,按照随机数字表法随机分为硝酸甘油组(n=50)与对照组(n=50),检测2组患者术前、术后3 h和24 h血清淀粉酶水平以及术后高淀粉酶血症和PEP的发生情况.结果 2组患者术前血清淀粉酶水平的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),2组患者术后3 h和24 h血清淀粉酶水平均高于术前水平(P＜0.01),但硝酸甘油组术后3 h及24 h血清淀粉酶水平[(108.88±152.07) U/L,(97.02±113.38) U/L]均分别显著低于对照组术后3 h及24 h血清淀粉酶水平[(196.30±244.41) U/L,(234.22±406.05) U/L],P＜0.05.硝酸甘油组ERCP术后的高淀粉酶血症发生率(12.00%,6/50)和PEP发生率(2.00%,1/50)均分别显著低于对照组[高淀粉酶血症30.00%(15/50),PEP 14.00%(7/50)],P＜0.05.结论 舌下含化硝酸甘油可降低ERCP术后血清淀粉酶水平,对PEP及高淀粉酶血症均有预防作用.     

加贝酯联合奥曲肽对ERCP术后胰腺炎和高淀粉酶血症的预防效果

目的 探讨加贝酯联合奥曲肽对ERCP术后胰腺炎和高淀粉酶血症的临床预防效果。方法 以本院2013年10月至2014年10月收治的130例行ERCP术的患者为研究对象,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组各65例;两组均采取常规支持治疗,对照组在此基础上服用加贝酯,观察组在对照组基础上联用奥曲肽;比较两组患者胰腺炎和高淀粉酶血症发生率、患者治疗满意度和不良事件发生率等情况。结果 （1）观察组术后胰腺炎和术后6 h、12 h和24 h的高淀粉酶血症发生率低于对照组（P<0.05）;（2）观察组术后6 h、12 h 和24 h的血清淀粉酶水平低于对照组（P<0.05）;（3）观察组患者满意度优于对照组（P<0.05）;（4）观察组不良反应发生率为4.62%,低于对照组的18.04%（P<0.05）。结论 ERCP术后联用加贝酯和奥曲肽,能显著降低胰腺炎和高淀粉酶血症发生率,提高患者满意度,且不良反应少,具有临床推广意义。     

奥曲肽预防ERCP术后高淀粉酶血症及胰腺炎的临床研究

内镜逆行胰胆管造影 (ＥＲＣＰ)是肝胆胰疾病诊治的重要手段之一 ,开展 2 0年来 ,国内外已广泛应用于临床 ,但ＥＲＣＰ术后引起的并发症 ,仍然是人们关注的一个重要课题 ,尤其ＥＲＣＰ术后一过性高淀粉酶血症 (ｈｙｐｅｒａｍｙｌａｓｅｍｉａ)及急性胰腺炎 ,往往给病人增加痛苦 ,延误诊治 ,增加住院日数及费用 ,甚至危及生命 ,因此 ,如何预防ＥＲＣＰ术后并发症是医学界一个重要的临床研究内容 ,倍受关注。奥曲肽 (善宁 )是人工合成的八肽环化合物 ,有天然生长抑素的药理特性 ,且具有长效的作用和明确的抑制胰腺分泌和消化酶分泌的药理作用…     

术后3 h血清淀粉酶检测对ERCP术后胰腺炎的预测价值

目的 评估ERCP术后3 h血清淀粉酶值对ERCP术后胰腺炎（post-ERCP pancreatitis,PEP）的预测价值。方法 收集2011年10月1日至2014年12月1日我院328例连续行ERCP的患者术后3 h和24 h血清淀粉酶值,并统计PEP的发生情况。将是否发生PEP作为状态变量,两个时间点的血清淀粉酶作为检验变量,采用SPSS13.0系统作ROC曲线,分析术后3 h和24 h血清淀粉酶对PEP的预测价值。结果 328例患者中诊断PEP共17例（5.18%）。术后3 h血清淀粉酶值≤200 U/L共194例（59.15%）,其中PEP 2例（1.03%）;术后3 h血清淀粉酶值>200 U/L共134例（40.85%）,其中PEP 15例（11.19%）;两者比较有统计学差异（x²=19.731;P<0.001）。术后3 h血清淀粉酶值ROC曲线下面积为0.845,诊断准确度良好,最佳Cut-off值为280 U/L,灵敏度82.4%,特异度74.3%,阳性预测值14.7%,阴性预测值98.7%,准确度74.4%,Youden指数56.4%。术后24 h血清淀粉酶值≤600 U/L共284例（86.59%）,其中PEP 1例（0.35%）;术后24 h血清淀粉酶值>600 U/L共44例（13.41%）,其中PEP 16例（36.36%）;两者比较有统计学差异（x²=93.341;P<0.001）。术后24 h血清淀粉酶值ROC曲线下面积为0.977,诊断价值高,最佳Cut-off值为534.5 U/L,灵敏度100%,特异度89.1%,阳性预测值33.3%,阴性预测值100%,准确度89.6%,Youden指数89.1%。结论 ERCP术后3 h血清淀粉酶值对PEP有较好的早期预测价值,特别是有很好的阴性预测价值;当术后3 h血清淀粉酶值>200 U/L并且有胰管插管时,需高度警惕PEP的发生。     

ERCP术后胰腺炎的预防

内镜逆行胰胆管造影术（ERCP）是广泛用于诊治胆胰疾病的重要手段,而术后胰腺炎（PEP）是其最常见、最严重的并发症,严重者可致死亡。导致PEP发生的机制非常复杂且至今仍未完全明了,一般认为其是由多因素导致的,包括化学性、机械性及与酶有关等。随着ERCP诊治技术的广泛展开,PEP预防的临床研究已成为热点,并取得了一定的进展,本文就此作一综述。     

ERCP术后重症急性胰腺炎6例临床分析

目的 探讨ERCP术后急性胰腺炎（PEP）的预防及治疗方法。方法 回顾性总结南京军区南京总医院普通外科2006年4月至2009年8月由外院转入的6例ERCP术后重症急性胰腺炎病例资料,分析临床诊疗经过及预后。结果 6例病人中5例因胆道症状、1例因右上腹痛行ERCP检查,其中1例病人反复插管后置管失败,2例行胰管造影检查,3例行Oddi括约肌预切开术,均未行Oddi括约肌球囊扩张及胰管括约肌切开术,术前、术后均未预防性用药,术后均未放置胰管支架;6例病人在ERCP术后8~48h诊断为SAP,急性期有4例病人并发急性肺损伤,1例并发急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）,1例并发ARDS、急性肾功能衰竭,后期有5例病人并发胰腺坏死组织感染而行手术引流,1例死亡。结论 严格掌握ERCP适应证、术前充分评估病人危险因素、术中注意避免操作相关危险因素、术后早期诊断,是预防及治疗PEP的关键。     

奥曲肽联合兰索拉唑防治胆总管结石患者ERCP术后急性胰腺炎和高淀粉酶血症的疗效

目的：探讨奥曲肽联合兰索拉唑预防和治疗胆总管结石患者ERCP术后急性胰腺炎及高淀粉酶血症的疗效。 方法：回顾性分析2012年3月—2013年9月间确诊为胆总管结石并行ERCP的患者,所有患者给予醋酸奥曲肽联合兰索拉唑规律治疗,监测患者术后12、48 h血清淀粉酶和症状体征的变化情况。 结果：术后高淀粉酶血症的发生率为14.0%（6/43）,急性胰腺炎的发生率为4.7%（2/43）,所有患者经醋酸奥曲肽联合兰索拉唑规律治疗血淀粉酶水平全部降至正常参考值区间,症状消失。 结论：对于胆总管结石患者经内镜下相关治疗后,奥曲肽联合兰索拉唑的方法可以有效预防术后急性胰腺炎和高淀粉酶血症的发生。     

导丝引导下选择性胆管插管预防ERCP术后胰腺炎和高淀粉酶血症的作用

目的 探讨双"十"字交叉标准代替造影剂下的Metro斑马导丝引导下选择性胆管插管技术对ERCP(endoscopic retrograde choledochopancreatography)术后胰腺炎和高淀粉酶血症的预防作用.方法 需要接受ERCP的291例胆系疾病病人随机分为导丝组(149例)和对照组(142例),导丝组ERCP-1造影导管内置Metro导丝直接选择性胆管插管,借助导丝判断胆管,然后再注入造影剂以及其他治疗性操作;对照组则单纯ERCP-1造影选择性胆管插管,注入造影剂判断胆管,再进行其他治疗性操作.比较两组ERCP后胰腺炎和高淀粉酶血症的发生情况.结果 选择性胆管插管成功283例,其中导丝组145例,对照组138例.导丝组术后胰腺炎发生率和高淀粉酶血症发生率均明显低于对照组,且导丝组的胰腺炎严重程度有减轻的趋势.结论 借助双"十"字交叉标准代替造影剂下的Metro导丝引导下选择性胆管插管不仅可以降低ERCP术后胰腺炎和高淀粉酶血症的发生率,而且可以降低ERCP术后胰腺炎的严重程度.     

中药高位保留灌肠预防内镜逆行胰胆管造影术后胰腺炎的Meta分析

目的：系统评价中药高位保留灌肠预防内镜逆行胰胆管造影术后胰腺炎（PEP）的疗效和安全性。方法：计算机检索PubMed、The Cochrane Library、EMbase、中国知网、维普数据库、万方数据库、中国生物医学文献服务系统数据库,搜集关于中药高位保留灌肠预防PEP疗效和安全性的随机对照试验（RCT）,检索时限均从建库至2022年12月9日。由2名研究者独立进行文献的筛选、资料的提取及偏倚风险的评估,通过Stata 15软件进行数据分析。结果：纳入的6项RCTs共包含样本量579例。Meta分析显示,与西医常规治疗相比,中药高位保留灌肠可以降低PEP发生率（OR=0.27,95%CI[0.13,0.54],P <0.001）、内镜逆行胰胆管造影术后高淀粉酶血症(PEH)发生率（OR=0.29,95%CI[0.19,0.44],P <0.001）,降低术后3 h(SMD=-0.51,95%CI[-0.85,-0.17],P=0.003)、6 h(SMD=-1.15,95%CI[-1.72,-0.59],P <0.001)、12 h(SMD=-0.69,95%CI...     

ERCP与术后胰腺炎的相关分析

目前认为ERCP术后胰腺炎（post-ERCP pancreatitis．PEP）与诸多因素有关 。本文回顾性分析PEP与操作技术因素的相关性，以期重视操作中的高危因素，并降低胰腺炎的发生率。     

Effects of heparin in experimental models of acute pancreatitis and post-ERCP pancreatitis

BACKGROUND: Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a complication of diagnostic or therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). In a recent clinical trial, a decreased rate of post-ERCP pancreatitis was shown after prophylactic heparin treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of prophylactic heparin application in various experimental models of AP and pancreatic duct obstruction and to assess the underlying mechanisms. METHODS: In various experimental models, pancreatic injury of graded severity was induced in Wistar rats: (1) mild pancreatitis by IV cerulein infusion over 6 hours; (2) severe pancreatitis by infusion of glycodeoxycholic acid into the pancreatic duct plus IV cerulein application over 6 hours. The clinical ERCP situation was imitated in groups (3) obstruction of the pancreatic duct and (4) infusion of contrast medium into the pancreatic duct plus obstruction. In every group the animals received either no heparin (n=six per group) or continuous IV heparin (n=six per group) starting before pancreatic injury. Histologic changes, amylase, and lipase in plasma were evaluated 12 hours after induction of pancreatic injury. Additional animals were treated to investigate pancreatic microcirculation by intravital microscopy (n=six per group). RESULTS: In groups 1, 3, and 4 (mild AP/duct obstruction/duct obstruction plus contrast medium), IV heparin-treated animals showed reduced edema, inflammation, and peak amylase values compared with the corresponding non-heparin-treated animals (P<.05). Moreover, mean erythrocyte velocity was significantly higher and leukocyte-endothelium interaction was reduced in these groups after prophylactic administration of heparin. In contrast, group 2 (severe AP) did not show any difference between control animals and animals that received heparin as assessed by histology and intravital microscopy. CONCLUSIONS: Prophylactic systemic application of heparin provides a protective effect in mild AP and in experimental post-ERCP pancreatitis. The mechanism of the protective effects of heparin seems to be the reduction of leukocyte-endothelium interaction and the normalization of pancreatic microcirculation.     

Postoperative hyperamylasemia, pancreatitis, and primary hyperparathyroidism

One hundred patients with biochemically proved primary hyperparathyroidism had serum amylase estimations before and after cervical or mediastinal exploration. After operation the patients were monitored for the development of abdominal symptoms suggestive of pancreatitis. Although hyperamylasemia occurred in four patients after operation, clinical acute pancreatitis did not arise. Amylase fractionation confirmed the presence of excessive salivary isoamylase in all four patients. Operation on patients with marginally elevated serum creatinine concentrations, those receiving furosemide, and those undergoing concomitant thyroid operation appeared to increase the likelihood of salivary-based hyperamylasemia; this finding suggested an altered renal handling of amylase in the immediate postoperative period. The results of this prospective study and reviewed reports of additional patients undergoing parathyroidectomy indicate that this operation is unlikely to be complicated by postoperative pancreatitis. The probable risk of both pancreatitis and hyperamylasemia would appear to be no more than that with other nonabdominal surgical procedures.     

奥曲肽联合泮托拉唑预防内镜逆行胰胆管造影术后胰腺炎

目的：探讨内镜逆行胰胆管造影（ERCP）术后胰腺炎的预防措施。 方法：将2010年7月—2012年11月间行ERCP术后的患者100例,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组各50例患者。观察组术后给予联合应用生长抑素（奥曲肽0.1 mg/8 h皮下注射连用24 h）和质子泵抑制剂作预防治疗（泮托拉唑40 mg/d静脉滴注连用2 d）,对照组给予生理盐水静脉滴注。比较两组患者ERCP术后3,12,24 h的血清淀粉酶情况,及胰腺炎的发生情况。 结果：两组一般资料比较具有可比性;在术后3,12,24 h各时间点比较,观察组血清淀粉酶水平均明显低于对照组（均P<0.05）;观察组术后12,24 h高淀粉酶血症发生率及术后急性胰腺炎明显均低于对照组（18% vs. 42%;8% vs. 22%;2% vs. 16%）（均P<0.05）。 结论：联合应用生长抑素和质子泵抑制剂可减少ERCP术后高淀粉酶血症与胰腺炎的发生率,是一种安全且有效的ERCP术后胰腺炎预防措施。     

A prospective study of hyperamylasemia and pancreatitis after cardiopulmonary bypass

General surgical complications after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) are infrequent but serious. No prospective studies have evaluated their incidence. We analyzed in such a study 135 patients who were to undergo CPB. Among these 135 patients, an abdominal complication developed in 6.6%; it contributed to 2 of the 5 deaths. Postoperative hyperamylasemia was found in 36% of patients, but only 2 had overt pancreatitis. The hyperamylasemia was not due to the salivary component, pulmonary complications, or prolonged CPB (r = 0.22). A gastrointestinal hemorrhage occurred in 7 patients. No patients had acute cholecystitis. We conclude that abdominal complications are more frequent than reported in retrospective studies, and result in significant morbidity and mortality. Postoperative hyperamylasemia is common but usually is not associated with untoward morbidity or mortality.     

Cholecystokinin in the early course of acute post-ERCP pancreatitis

Background: A high dose of cholecystokinin (CCK) agonist cerulein can induce acute pancreatitis in animals. The role of CCK in the induction of acute pancreatitis in humans is unclear. We investigated basal plasma CCK levels before and after induction of post-ERCP pancreatitis to determine CCK levels in the early course of the disease.

Study Design: We determined plasma CCK concentrations in four groups of patients who underwent ERCP: (1) post-ERCP pancreatitis patients (n = 23); (2) patients with post-ERCP hyperamylasemia without pancreatitis (n = 5); (3) patients with post-ERCP abdominal pain without hyperamylasemia (n = 18); and (4) patients with an uneventful post-ERCP period (n = 43). Plasma samples were taken before ERCP, 4 to 8 hours, 10 to 16 hours, and 24 hours after ERCP. Plasma CCK concentrations were determined by a specific and sensitive radioimmunoassay using CCK antiserum (Euro-Diagnostica, Malmö, Sweden).

Results: Plasma CCK levels increased five-fold early in the course in post-ERCP pancreatitis patients, but not in post-ERCP hyperamylasemia patients or in uncomplicated ERCP patients, where CCK levels temporarily decreased after ERCP. In patients with abdominal pain, CCK levels did not change. After the early increase, plasma CCK levels declined to almost unmeasurable levels one day after the onset of symptoms in post-ERCP pancreatitis. In other groups CCK levels were close to the pre-ERCP level.

Conclusions: It remains to be shown whether CCK is important in the pathogenesis of post-ERCP pancreatitis or merely a secondary phenomenon. There is a rationale to test CCK antagonists in preventing post-ERCP pancreatitis.     

吲哚美辛联合生长抑素预防ERCP术后胰腺炎

目的 探讨生长抑素联合吲哚美辛预防性治疗内镜逆行胰胆管造影（ERCP）术后胰腺炎的效果及对血清淀粉酶水平的影响。方法 选择2017年5月至2018年5月佛山市第一人民医院胆道外科204例行ERCP术的患者为研究对象,随机分为3组,每组68例。A组基础性治疗+安慰剂塞肛,B组基础治疗+术前半小时100 mg吲哚美辛塞肛,C组基础治疗+术前半小时100 mg吲哚美辛塞肛+术中250 μg/h生长抑素泵入11 h。比较各组患者术后胰腺炎发生率,ERCP术后6、12、24及48 h血清淀粉酶变化和临床症状体征评分变化。结果 3组患者年龄、性别、病因、胆总管直径、术中Oddi括约肌切开等基本资料比较无统计学差异（P>0.05）。B组和C组术后胰腺炎发生率显著低于A组（P<0.05）。术后6、12、24及48 h B组和C组血清淀粉酶水平、临床症状与体征评分均明显低于A组（P<0.05）。进一步分析显示,C组术后胰腺炎发生率,术后12、24及48 h血清淀粉酶水平及临床症状与体征评分均低于B组（P<0.05）。结论 生长抑素联合吲哚美辛能够有效预防ERCP术后胰腺炎发生,同时有效降低血清淀粉酶水平,改善患者临床症状,疗效优于单独给予吲哚美辛治疗,值得临床推广应用。