内镜辅助下十二指肠肿瘤局部切除45例

目的探讨内镜辅助下十二指肠肿瘤局部切除的可行性和安全性。方法内镜辅助下十二指肠肿瘤局部切除病例45例,均为湖北省内镜外科协作组2015年1月1日～2018年12月31日收集的病例,统计计划局部切除病例的最终治疗方式以及并发症情况。结果 45例病人中,9例肿瘤位于球部,26例位于十二指肠降部,4例肿瘤位于水平部,6例肿瘤位于空肠起始端。45例病人术前评估可行局部切除的病例全部完成病灶局部完整切除,17例开腹行十二指肠局部切除术,3例于机器人辅助下行十二指肠局部切除术,14例于腹腔镜下行十二指肠局部切除术,6例完全内镜下切除,内镜切除腹腔镜修补双镜联合手术5例。严重并发症2例,均为降部肿瘤,1例降部中下段肿瘤术后发生吻合口漏、腹腔出血、切口三级愈合,经两次手术治疗后康复出院;1例降部中上段肿瘤术后出现胰腺创面出血,缝扎止血。结论在内镜技术支持下,十二指肠肿瘤行局部切除可以采用多种手术方式,难以简单通过肿块大小或部位而限定局部切除的可行性标准。     

经脐单孔腹腔镜胃大部切除术治疗胃十二指肠良性溃疡5例

探讨经脐单孔腹腔镜胃大部切除术治疗胃十二指肠溃疡性疾病的安全性及可行性.2010年11月—2012年6月中国医科大学附属盛京医院胆道血管外科对5例胃或十二指肠良性溃疡患者施行经脐单孔腹腔镜胃大部切除术.5例均成功完成,无中转多孔法腹腔镜手术或开腹手术.平均手术时间307 min,平均失血量230mL,术后均无出血、吻合口梗阻、吻合口漏、腹腔感染等并发症发生.经脐单孔腹腔镜胃大部切除术治疗胃十二指肠良性溃疡安全、可行,美容效果好.     

腹腔镜联合十二指肠镜治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的诊治体会

目的探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术联合十二指肠镜乳头括约肌切开术治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的手术疗效。方法共收集45例胆囊结石合并胆总管结石患者行不同手术方式的病例资料,其中行十二指肠镜下乳头括约肌切开联合腹腔镜胆囊切除术者(EST+LC组)共20例,行腹腔镜胆囊切除+胆总管切开取石+T管引流术者(OC+OCHTD组)共25例。对两种术式患者的手术成功率、术后并发症发生率以及住院时间等指标进行统计学分析。结果所有患者均获得2~6月随访。EST+LC组中,18例手术完成,2例因局部粘连或技术原因插管困难,转为开放手术;手后并发症包括2例轻度胰腺炎,1例十二指肠乳头出血,均经过保守后痊愈。OC+OCHTD组中,5例出现手术并发症,包括1例胆漏、2例切口感染、2例腹部感染,经保守治疗痊愈。EST+LC组患者住院时间较OC+OCHTD组明显缩短。结论至少在短期内,内镜十二指肠括约肌切开联合腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石是一种安全、有效、可行的微创治疗方法。     

腹腔镜胰十二指肠切除术45例体会

目的探讨腹腔镜胰十二指肠切除术治疗壶腹部周围疾病的可行性和安全性,评估腹腔镜下不保留幽门的胰十二指肠切除术（LPD）和保留幽门的胰十二指肠切除术（LPPPD）的围手术期情况及并发症发生情况。方法回顾性分析本治疗组2010年1月至2014年3月期间行腹腔镜胰十二指肠切除术治疗壶腹部周围疾病的45例患者的临床资料。根据患者手术方式分为LPD组及LPPPD组。结果本组行腹腔镜胰十二指肠切除术的45例患者中有25例行LPD,有20例行LPPPD。1围手术期情况：手术时间为（472.95±33.47）min,术中出血量为（202.84±108.74）mL,术后ICU监护时间为（1.29±3.04）d,术后住院时间为（15.07±5.48）d。LPD组和LPPPD组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间、术后胃肠道减压时间及术后进食时间比较,差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,但LPPPD组的术后ICU监护时间明显长于LPD组（P=0.028）。2术后并发症情况：有25例（55.56%）患者术后发生了并发症,其中胰瘘10例,胆汁漏1例,胃排空障碍6例,感染3例,吻合口出血2例,肠系膜血栓形成1例,术后腹腔积液1例,乳糜瘘1例。LPD组和LPPPD组总并发症发生率及具体的并发症发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。LPPPD组术后死亡1例。结论本组研究结果初步提示,腹腔镜胰十二指肠切除术治疗壶腹部周围疾病是可行的、安全的;另外LPPPD能够一定程度上避免幽门切除术后引起的消化液的返流等并发症,提高了患者术后的营养状态和生活质量。     

56例原发性十二指肠肿瘤术式选择与分析

目的探讨原发性十二指肠肿瘤的手术方式及术式,改进以提高治疗水平。方法 7例原发性十二指肠良性肿瘤中3例行肿瘤局部切除术,2例行标准胰十二指肠切除术,2例行十二指肠节段切除术;49例原发性十二指肠恶性肿瘤中29例行标准胰十二指肠切除术,2例行保留幽门的胰十二指肠切除术;4例行十二指肠节段切除术,3例行局部肿瘤切除术;11例行旁路手术。结果本组患者无手术死亡病例,49例恶性肿瘤中术后并发症5例,并发症发生率10.2%。术后随访时间2～78个月,中位随访时间36个月。7例原发性十二指肠良性肿瘤患者术后5年生存率100%;49例原发性十二指肠恶性肿瘤患者,29例行标准胰十二指肠切除术后患者1、3、5年生存率分别为82.8%(24/29)、58.6%(17/29)、34.5%(10/29);9例行肿瘤局部切除术及十二指肠节段切除术后患者1、3、5年生存率分别为55.6%(5/9)、33.3%(3/9)、11.1%(1/9);11例旁路手术后患者1年生存率为9.1%(1/11),生存时间6～19个月,中位生存时间仅11个月。结论胰十二指肠切除术是原发性十二指肠恶性肿瘤首选术式,良性肿瘤可行肿瘤局部切除术或十二指肠节段切除术,对晚期患者可采用旁路手术以改善预后。     

保留十二指肠的胰头切除术治疗胰头部良性病变14例分析

目的探讨保留十二指肠的胰头切除术在治疗胰头部良性病变中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析1995年1月至2012年12月期间于笔者所在医院行保留十二指肠的胰头切除术的14例胰头部良性病变患者的临床资料,对该术式的手术效果及术后并发症发生情况进行评价。结果 14例患者均顺利完成手术,无手术死亡。手术时间4.0-6.5h,平均5.2h;术中失血100-1000 mL,平均450 mL;术后3例（21.4%）发生并发症,其中胰瘘2例,胆汁漏1例,均经非手术治疗治愈;住院时间12-62d,平均17d,无住院期间死亡病例。术后获访13例,随访时间为6个月-2年,中位数为13.5个月。随访期间均无复发,均无糖尿病、胃排空障碍等远期并发症发生。结论保留十二指肠的胰头切除术是治疗胰头部良性病变安全而有效的术式。     

腹腔镜十二指肠乳头肿瘤局部切除术（附2例报告）

目的探讨腹腔镜十二指肠乳头肿瘤局部切除的安全性和可行性。方法我院2010年9月和2012年6月完成2例完全腹腔镜下十二指肠乳头肿瘤局部切除术。术中应用肠壁似“∫”形切ISl防止肠腔狭窄,边切除边缝合方式重建胆肠及胰肠通道,并放置胰管内支撑管。结果2例顺利完成。病例1：手术时间195min,出血量220ml。术后48h排气,无并发症。术后病理：十二指肠乳头绒毛管状腺瘤,伴重度不典型增生,基底部切缘阴性。病例2：手术时间300min,出血量400ml。术后72h排气。术后病理：十二指肠乳头腺癌伴黏液细胞癌,基底部切缘阴性。结论腹腔镜十二指肠乳头肿瘤局部切除术安全、可行。     

腹腔镜十二指肠乳头肿瘤局部切除术(附六例报告)

目的探讨腹腔镜十二指肠乳头肿瘤局部切除术(laparoscopic transduodenal pullectomy, LTDP)的安全性及可行性。 方法回顾性分析滨州医学院附属医院于2020年3月至2021年1月期间,6例行LTDP患者的临床资料、手术过程、围手术期处理措施和随访信息。 结果6例患者平均手术时间342.2 min,平均术中出血量约46.7 ml,平均术后恢复经口进食流质饮食时间约4.2 d,平均术后排气时间49.3 h,平均术后住院时间12 d。术后病理：1例十二指肠乳头黏液腺癌、2例十二指肠乳头管状-绒毛状腺瘤、3例十二指肠乳头腺癌,切缘均为阴性。6例患者均无围手术期死亡,1例患者术后出现十二指肠出血,其余患者无并发症发生。平均术后随访时间19.6个月(16~25个月),1例十二指肠乳头腺癌患者术后20个月肿瘤局部复发行姑息性手术治疗,其余患者目前无肿瘤复发。 结论LTDP应用于十二指肠良性肿瘤、交界性肿瘤、十二指肠乳头腺瘤局部癌变、十二指肠乳头原位癌、无淋巴结转移的T1期肿瘤、高龄且合并较多基础疾病的不能耐受胰十二指肠切除的十二指肠乳头癌患者是安全、可行的。     

腹腔镜胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔修补术的疗效及安全性分析

目的探讨腹腔镜胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔修补术的临床疗效及安全性。方法将102例胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔患者按手术方式不同分为2组,各51例。对照组给予传统开腹穿孔修补术,观察组给予腹腔镜穿孔修补术。对比分析2组的治疗效果。结果观察组术中出血量、手术时间、术后下床活动时间、肛门恢复通气时间、并发症发病率及出院时间均明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论腹腔镜下胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔修补术创伤小,康复快,安全性高、并发症发生率低。     

十二指肠乳头癌局部切除术疗效分析及手助腹腔镜技巧探讨

目的总结十二指肠乳头癌局部切除术的手术经验及临床效果。方法4例十二指肠乳头癌患者,均为T1期高分化腺癌,1例行十二指肠乳头癌局部切除术,3例行手助腹腔镜十二指肠乳头癌局部切除术。结果手术经过均顺利,无术后并发症发生,平均住院时间为21.2(15~30)d。均获随访,平均14个月,均无瘤生存,无复发。结论十二指肠乳头癌局部切除术用于治疗T1期高分化腺癌是一种安全、可靠的术式。     

腹腔镜手术治疗胃和小肠胃肠间质瘤疗效分析

目的探讨原发局限性胃和小肠胃肠间质瘤（GIST）腹腔镜手术切除的可行性和短期效果。方法回顾性分析2010年10月至2013年4月间在中山大学附属第一医院接受腹腔镜手术治疗的20例胃GIST和6例小肠GIST患者的临床病理资料。结果26例患者中行手辅助腹腔镜胃GIST切除3例,其余23例均行腹腔镜辅助切除手术,无一例中转开腹。根据肿瘤部位和生长方式,行胃局部切除术18例,远端胃部分切除2例,小肠部分切除6例。肿瘤直径（4．5±1．6）cm,手术时间（96．0±28．2）min,术中出血量（49．6±38．6）ml。术后胃肠功能恢复时间（2．3±0．7）d,术后住院时间（6．8±1．9）d。术后吻合口出血1例,保守治疗治愈。术后病理按照改良NIH标准显示,极低度恶性危险（极低危）1例（3．8％）,低危13例（50．0％）,中危9例（34．6％）,高危3例（11．5％）。术后随访3～32（中位数15）月,未发现复发或死亡病例。结论原发局限性胃或小肠GIsT腹腔镜切除创伤小、恢复快,短期效果满意。     

Long-term follow-up of patients with familial adenomatous polyposis undergoing pancreaticoduodenal surgery

Adenomatous polyps and adenocarcinomas of the periampullary region are the most common upper gastrointestinal neoplasms encountered in familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) patients. Tumors arising from the liver, biliary tract, and pancreas have also been reported. The purpose of this study was to review the clinical outcome of FAP patients after pancreaticoduodenal surgery for periampullary neoplasms. Of the 61 individuals participating in our prospective FAP registry, 8 underwent surgical resection of periampullary neoplasms between 1987 and 1998. The charts of these individuals were reviewed for clinical indications, type of pancreaticoduodenal surgery, postoperative complications, and outcome. Of the 8 patients identified, 7 had pancreaticoduodenectomy and 1 had duodenotomy with ampullectomy. The indications for surgery were periampullary cancer (3), severe dysplasia within a duodenal villous tumor (4), and solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas (1). At the time of pancreaticoduodenal surgery, patients ranged in age from 29–65 years, and all but one had undergone colorectal surgery, on average 16 years beforehand. Pancreatic ascites after a pylorus-sparing pancreaticoduodenectomy was the only surgical complication. At a median follow-up of 70.5 months (range 37–162), 2 patients had died, neither from their periampullary neoplasm. The patient treated by local excision subsequently developed gastric cancer arising from a polyp and went on to gastrectomy. Another patient developed confluent benign jejunal adenomas just beyond the gastroenteric anastomosis almost 12 years after pancreaticoduodenectomy for severe dysplasia of a duodenal villous adenoma. Pancreaticoduodenectomy is a safe and appropriate surgical option for FAP patients with duodenal villous tumors containing severe dysplasia or carcinoma. Postoperative morbidity was minimal and there was no perioperative mortality. Good long-term prognosis can be expected in completely resected patients although subsequent proliferative and/or neoplastic lesions may still be detected in the gastrointestinal tract with prolonged follow-up. Presented at the Forty-Second Annual Meeting of The Society of the Alimentary Tract, Atlanta, Georgia, May 20–23, 2001 (poster presentation).     

Are laparoscopic operations on stomach useful?

The purpose of this review is to assess the position of laparoscopic gastric surgery. Only for perforated gastric and duodenal ulcers a prospective randomized study is available without revealing meaningful differences between conventional and laparoscopic procedure. The elective laparoscopic Selective Proximal Vagotomy (SPV) of stomach and duodenal ulcers was reported on some 200 patients till now. The perioperative risk was lower than that of the conventional method. Due to only short follow-up statements on the risk of ulcer recurrence and therefore completion of vagotomy can not be made. Because of operative technical difficulties some examinators have modified the Selective Proximal Vagotomy, but long-term results with these techniques and the conventional method do not exist. Till now a laparoscopic resection of the stomach was done in less than 100 patients. At comparable risk of both methods representative conclusions could not be made. Similar small are the experiences with laparoscopic resection of the stomach or gastrectomy for gastric carcinoma. The results suppose that a systematic lymph node dissection of the compartment II is only restrictevly possible. The operative risk is nearly that of the conventional method. Laparoscopic staging is a favourable indication in gastric surgery with the aim to detect peritoneal metastases and to spare the patient an exploratory laparotomy. Furthermore, laparoscopy offers advantages in palliative procedures, without existence of extensive proof. Nowadays it is applied for extreme obesity and "Gastric Banding", a method with low perioperative risk. Whether the long-term results are equivalent to those of conventional stomach bypass operations is not proved so far. Alltogether the advantages of laparoscopy in comparison to conventional gastric surgery are only obvious in a few clinical situations. Qualified randomized prospective studies are necessary to evaluate the new operation techniques.     

Rapid rehabilitation in elderly patients after laparoscopic colonic resection

BACKGROUND: Introduction of the laparoscopic surgical technique has reduced hospital stay after colonic resection from about 8-10 to 4-6 days. In most studies, however, specific attention has not been paid to changes in perioperative protocols required to maximize the advantages of the minimally invasive procedure. In the present study the laparoscopic approach was combined with a perioperative multimodal rehabilitation protocol. METHODS: After laparoscopically assisted colonic resection, patients were treated with epidural local anaesthesia for 2 days, early mobilization and enteral nutrition. Routine use of morphine and traditional tubes, drains and prolonged bladder catheterization was avoided. RESULTS: Laparoscopic resection was intended in 50 consecutive patients, of median age 81 years. The conversion rate to open resection was 22 per cent. In patients in whom the procedure was completed laparoscopically the median hospital stay was 2.5 days; defaecation occurred in 92 per cent of patients within 3 days. Patients were mobilized for more than 8 h daily from day 2. CONCLUSION: Recovery after colonic surgery was improved considerably by combining the use of a laparoscopic technique with a multimodal rehabilitation protocol of pain relief, early mobilization and oral nutrition.     

原发性十二指肠恶性肿瘤的外科治疗

目的探讨原发性十二指肠恶性肿瘤的外科治疗策略。方法回顾性分析1997~2004年我院收治的72例原发性十二指肠恶性肿瘤病人的临床资料。52例行胰十二指肠切除术,8例行肿瘤局部切除术,5例行胆肠和/或胃肠吻合术解除梗阻,4例行肿瘤活检术以明确诊断,3例确诊后拒绝手术治疗。结果随访62例。46例行胰十二指肠切除术病人术后1年、3年和5年的生存率分别为76.1%,54.3%和28.3%。3例放弃手术治疗者及3例行肿瘤活检术者均于1年内死亡。4例仅行胆肠和/或胃肠吻合术者术后1年生存率为25%。6例行肿瘤局部切除术者均于术后短期内复发,仅2例存活1年。52例行胰十二指肠切除术病例中出现并发症的有8例。应用单层褥式交锁缝合进行胰肠重建的20例及保留幽门的8例术后经过均良好,无1例出现严重并发症。结论胰十二指肠切除术系原发性十二指肠恶性肿瘤的首选治疗方法,应严格掌握肿瘤局部切除术的适应证。     

结直肠癌肝转移同期腹腔镜与开腹手术的疗效比较：倾向性评分匹配分析

目的 比较倾向性评分匹配后的结直肠癌肝转移患者同期腹腔镜手术与开腹手术的安全性及近期疗效。方法 回顾性分析2011年1月至2020年8月温州医科大学附属第一医院收治的79例行一期联合切除手术的结直肠癌肝转移（CRLM）患者的临床资料。采用倾向性评分匹配方法将开腹组患者与腔镜组进行匹配,每组纳入24例,比较两组围手术期的临床指标。结果 两组患者并发症发生率、围手术期病死率、二次手术率、术中输血率、开始流质饮食时间、腹腔引流管留置时间、术后住院时间和住院费用差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。相比开腹组,腔镜组手术时间更长[（274±57）min vs（190±53）min,P＜0.001],术后肛门排气时间更短[（4（2～11）d vs 5（3～15）d,P=0.005],术后第1天白细胞计数更低 [（10.3±3.7）×109 /L vs （12.4±3.5）×109 /L,P=0.047]。结论 结直肠癌肝转移同期腹腔镜手术是安全、可行的,与开腹手术相比,具有一定的临床优势。     

Laparoscopic Intraluminal Surgery for Gastrointestinal Malignancies

INTRODUCTION: Intraluminal surgery began with the advent of endoscopy. Endoscopic endoluminal surgery has limitations; and its failure results in conventional open or laparoscopic interventions with increased morbidity. Laparoscopy-assisted intraluminal surgery is a novel alternative to open or laparoscopic surgery for a failed endoscopic endoluminal technique, minimizing the associated complications. Endoscopic resection of early gastric and duodenal cancers is restricted by the limited view of the endoscope, insufficient number of instrument channels, and inability to have adequate margins of resection without risking perforation. These cancers potentially can be treated by laparoscopy-assisted intraluminal surgery without resorting to major gastric or duodenal resection. This procedure is relatively easy to perform and oncologically effective. We present the experience of the Texas Endosurgery Institute (TEI) in treating early gastric and duodenal cancers, including large malignant polyps and carcinoid tumors, with laparoscopy-assisted endoluminal surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The data for all patients with early gastric and duodenal cancers who underwent laparoscopy-assisted endoluminal surgery at TEI between 1996 and 2007 were prospectively recorded. All of the patients had been referred by the endoscopist as noncandidates for endoscopic resection. We prospectively collected data on preoperative diagnosis, operating time, estimated blood loss, postoperative complications, histopathology, and recurrence rate. All patients underwent endoluminal port placement under direct visualization after a pneumoperitoneum was established. Operations were performed in conjunction with upper endoscopy for assistance with port placement under endoluminal visualization, insufflation, and specimen retrieval. After the intraluminal portion of the operation was completed, the endoluminal port sites were closed with laparoscopic intracorporeal suturing. RESULTS: From 1996 to 2007, a total of 12 patients underwent laparoscopic endoluminal surgery. All cases were completed successfully, including 5 resections of early gastric cancer (stage I), 3 wedge resections of carcinoid tumor, 2 resections of duodenal adenocarcinoma, and 2 resections of a malignant polyp at the gastroesophagic junction; all the cases were completed with disease-free margins. No recurrence of the original pathology have been reported, and the complications were minimal. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic intraluminal surgery for early gastric and duodenal cancer is a feasible alternative to open conventional therapies; and it is associated with a lower incidence of incisional hernia formation and a lower infection rate.     

内镜下切除十二指肠非壶腹部病变的临床应用分析

目的回顾性分析内镜下切除十二指肠非壶腹部病变(non-ampullary duodenal lesions, NADLs)的安全性和有效性。 方法以在解放军总医院第一医学中心接受内镜下切除NADLs的72例患者为研究对象,对患者的基本资料、手术相关资料和术后随访资料进行回顾性分析。 结果72例患者中,36例行内镜下黏膜切除术、22例行内镜黏膜下剥离术(endoscopic submucosal dissection, ESD)、14例行改良ESD术。整块切除率为83.3%,R0切除率为79.2%。其中6例(8.3%)病变发生穿孔、5例(6.9%)发生迟发出血。68例(94.4%)进行了术后随访,其中8例(11.1%)术后复查时病变局灶复发并再次接受内镜下治疗。 结论内镜下治疗NADLs是可行的、有效的。但是由于十二指肠特殊的解剖学特点,其手术并发症发生率高,需要通过有效的预防措施来降低其发生率。     

提前贯穿缝合的腹腔镜肾部分切除术的安全性和有效性分析(附7例报告)

目的简要介绍本科在零缺血肾部分切除术方面的改良探索,即通过提前贯穿缝合来达到切除肾肿瘤中止血目的腹腔镜肾部分切除术。方法收集并分析2013年10月到2015年1月期间7名T1a期肾肿瘤患者行提前贯穿缝合的非夹闭腹腔镜肾部分切除术的围术期资料。结果所有手术均顺利完成,没有患者中途中转开放或行根治性肾切除术,患者平均年龄是48岁,平均肿瘤大小是2.2cm。提前贯穿缝合的非夹闭腹腔镜肾部分切除术手术时间为76~152分钟,手术时间均值为89分钟,术中热缺血时间为0分钟。手术过程中出血量为160~750ml,均值约235ml。术前术后的肌酐和尿素氮差别并不明显(BUN,P=0.39;Scr,P=0.78)。结论提前贯穿缝合的腹腔镜肾部分切除术在手术临床安全性方面是可行的,应根据肿瘤的特点个体化选择合适的手术方式。