贺州市青少年代谢综合征发病率及其特征

目的：探讨广西贺州市中小学学生代谢综合征（MS）的发病率及其特征,寻求早期预防青少年MS的干预靶点。方法：采用分层抽样方法抽取5682名中小学生进行体检,随机抽取部分学生检测空腹血糖、餐后2h血糖、血脂及血尿酸,计算体重指数和胰岛素抵抗指数。结果：MS的发病率为0．62％;于MS的不同构成组份中,高甘油三酯（TG）血症检出率最高达14．68％;其它血脂组份异常检出率6％以上;体重超重栓出率5．25％,肥胖2．03％;高血压与高尿酸血症的检出率分别为2．74％和2．07％。男生与女生的体重指数（BMI）、腰围（WC）、收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DPB）及血尿酸水平有显著性差异。结论：贺州市青少年MS发病率为0．62％,但MS构成的各组份中以肥胖、脂代谢异常及血压增高为主;高尿酸血症也有较高的发病率。     

老年体检人群高尿酸血症与并发疾病分析

目的了解老年人（≥60岁）高尿酸血症的患病及合并相关疾病情况,探索老年人进行高尿酸检查的重要性。方法以2008年在本中心健康体检且资料完整的2889例老年人为研究对象,比较分析高尿酸血症组与正常尿酸组的临床指标。结果血尿酸增高患者的比例为14．78％（427／2462）,男、女患病率间差异有统计学意义（Х^2=8．598,P=0．000）。高尿酸血症组与正常尿酸纽血糖水平间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;血清总胆固醇、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白、高密度脂蛋白间差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。高尿酸血症组与正常尿酸组高胆固醇血症、高三酰甘油血症、高血糖患病率间差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论高尿酸血症与高血脂、高血糖有明显相关性,加强对高尿酸血症的筛查工作,对减少心脑血管疾病合并症至关重要。     

高尿酸血症患病率与代谢综合征组分数的关系

浙江宁波某石油化工企业的11016名年龄20-80岁职工的高尿酸血症患病率为12.5％，男性为16．1％，女性为1．9％。与正常血尿酸组比较，高血尿酸组的BMI、BP、FPG和血脂谱均升高（P均〈0．05）。随着代谢综合征组分数的增加，高尿酸血症患病率增加。高尿酸血症独立相关于超重、高血压和血脂异常。     

老年男性高尿酸血症临床特点及相关危险因素分析

目的了解老年男性高尿酸血症患者的临床特点和各种伴随疾病与之的相关性。方法收集2002年至2004年于解放军总医院住院的老年男性高尿酸血症患者和血尿酸正常患者各225例（合并糖尿病各110例）,对血尿酸及其影响因素进行横断面回顾性分析。结果高尿酸血症病例占同期住院老年男性患者的10．5％。高尿酸血症组合并肾功能异常远高于血尿酸正常组（27．6％vs6．2％）,差异有统计学意义（P=0．0000）。高尿酸血症组年龄、体质量、体质量指数、血压、甘油三酯、总胆固醇、空腹血糖、血肌酐、血尿素、肌酐清除率及高密度脂蛋白胆固醇与血尿酸正常组比较,差异具统计学意义（P〈O．01）,冠心病、高血压、高甘油三酯血症、肾功能异常等的患病率均高于血尿酸正常组（P〈0．01）。高尿酸血症组的血尿酸与年龄、体质量、体质量指数、血压、甘油三酯、总胆固醇、糖化血红蛋白、血肌酐、血尿素、肌酐清除率显著相关（P〈0．01）。结论老年高尿酸血症患病率高,以痛风发生为临床特征者不到10％,合并肾脏功能异常者是血尿酸正常组的4．5倍,且常伴随肥胖、糖、脂代谢紊乱和高血压,也是高血压、冠心病、糖尿病、高脂血症以及其他心、脑血管疾病的危险因素。对高尿酸血症患者应加以重视,尽早检出,综合评估心血管危险因素,及时治疗。     

高原地区血清尿酸与代谢综合征及其组分的关联性

目的：探讨高原地区血清尿酸与代谢综合征及其组分的关系。方法：对188例正常体检者,按血尿酸水平将患者分为正常尿酸组和高尿酸组,并测定血脂、血糖、血压、胰岛素、C反应蛋白,所有统计学资料采用SPSSIO．0软件处理。结果：高血尿酸组代谢综合征的患病率（41％）显著高于正常尿酸组（15％,P〈0．05）,代谢综合征的各组分血脂、血糖、血压、胰岛素、C反应蛋白,在两组之间均有差异显著（均P〈0．05）。结论：血尿酸与代谢综合征及其组分有关联。     

高尿酸血症及其影响因素分析

目的了解人群血尿酸水平和高尿酸血症的患病率及其影响因素。方法对2007年3月～2009年10月在本院进行健康体检的2556名人群的血尿酸水平和高尿酸患病率的结果进行统计分析。结果高尿酸血症的患病率为16．6％;男性高尿酸血症的患病率为19．1％,女性为13．3％,男性高于女性（P〈0．01）,且血尿酸水平和高尿酸血症患病率有逐年增高趋势（P〈0．01）。结论高尿酸血症存在不同年份、性别、年龄间差别,与多种因素有关。     

中老年Ⅱ型糖尿病患者血尿酸水平与血糖血脂的关系

研究了６５例非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病患者和４２例非糖尿病对照者的血尿酸水平与血糖血脂的关系。结果表明：①非糖尿病对照高尿酸血症者（血清尿酸≥４２０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）较血尿酸正常者体重指数和血清甘油三酯明显升高，前者舒张压≥１２ｋＰａ者高达６７％，而后者仅为３７％。②糖尿病患者血尿酸水平（２４４．８９±９９．６０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）较非糖尿病对照者（３６９．５±１１３．１μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）明显降低（Ｐ＜０．００１），糖尿病高脂血症者与血脂正常者血尿酸水平无差异，糖尿病患者血尿酸与血糖呈负相关（ｒ＝－０．２４６，Ｐ＜０．０５）。提示：①非糖尿病对照者高尿酸血症作为冠心病的危险因素可能与并存的肥胖、血脂及血压异常有关。②糖尿病患者血尿酸水平降低可能与高血糖的利尿作用使尿酸的排泄增加有关，高尿酸血症本身可能不是长期糖尿病患者动脉硬化的高危因素。     

老年人高尿酸血症的患病特征调查及相关因素分析

目的探讨老年人高尿酸血症的患病特征及相关因素。方法选择1393名老年人，以血尿酸≥420μmol／L为界限，比较高尿酸血症组和尿酸正常组的临床资料和生化指标，对影响血尿酸水平的诸多因素进行Logistic回归分析。结果老年人高尿酸血症的患病率为13．35％，其中男性明显高于女性。与尿酸正常组相比，高尿酸血症组的体重、体重指数、收缩压、血胆固醇、甘油三酯和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇明显增高，高密度脂蛋白胆固醇明显降低；同时肥胖症、高甘油三酯血症、肾功能不全和代谢综合征的患病率明显升高；Logistic回归分析表明，甘油三酯、血肌酐是影响血尿酸水平的主要危险因素。结论老年人高尿酸血症常伴发肥胖、代谢异常和肾功能不全等，甘油三酯、血肌酐与血尿酸水平升高强烈相关。     

上海市程桥社区高血压患者与血尿酸相关性的研究

目的 调查上海市程家桥社区居民高血压患者高尿酸血症的流行病学特征,探讨高血压和高尿酸血症的相关性.方法 选取上海市程桥社区35岁以上居民所有已患原发性高血压的患者2 596例,其中男1450例,女1 146例,年龄35~89,平均(52.5±12.6)岁,进行病史调查、血压、身高、体质量、腰围、臀围、空腹血糖、血脂等指标的测量,并进行统计学分析.结果 高血压患者高尿酸血症患病率为27.9%,随年龄的增高而增加,差异有统计学意义(χ2=2.878,P=0.036).男性高于女性,未规律使用降压药及血脂、血糖增高均是高尿酸血症的影响因素(P＜0.05).高血压患者高尿酸血症并存糖尿病、冠心病、脑梗死的比例明显高于血尿酸正常者(P＜0.05).随着血压的升高,高尿酸血症发生率明显增加,两者呈正相关.结论 高血压病和血尿酸症存在着互为因果、相互促进的作用.临床上在积极降血压治疗的同时应注意血尿酸水平,并对其早期干预,有可能防止或延缓高血压的进程及心脑血管疾病的发生.     

高尿酸血症与血脂、血糖及谷丙转氨酶相关性分析

目的了解甘肃省兰州市职工高尿酸血症患病率及与血脂、血糖、谷丙转氨酶的关系。方法对2011年1—12月在甘肃省疾病预防控制中心体检中心健康体检的国家机关、国有企事业单位在职及退休人员共2457人进行血尿酸（uA）检测,并对其中的179例高尿酸血症（HUA）患者进行血脂、血糖、谷丙转氨酶测定,以了解其间的关系。结果兰州市国家机关、国有企事业单位在职及退休人员不同性别之间高TC、高TG、高FPG、高ALT检出率差异无统计学意义（X2=0．43,1．23,0．43,0．43,P〉0．05）;男性HUA增高者TG明显高于女性,差异有统计学意义（x2=13．80,P〈0．01）;高尿酸血症组高Tc、高TO、高FPG、高ALT检出率均明显高于尿酸正常组,差异有统计学意义（X2=7．13,31．2,18．67,6．14,P〈0．01）。结论高尿酸血症与高血脂、高血糖、谷丙转氨酶增高密切相关,且甘油三酯较胆固醇增高更为明显。     

Anti-malarial efficacy of pyronaridine and artesunate in combination in vitro and in vivo

Pyronaridine is a Mannich base anti-malarial with demonstrated efficacy against drug resistant Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale and P. malariae. However, resistance to pyronaridine can develop quickly when it is used alone but can be considerably delayed when it is administered with artesunate in rodent malaria models. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of pyronaridine in combination with artesunate against P. falciparum in vitro and in rodent malaria models in vivo to support its clinical application. Pyronaridine showed consistently high levels of in vitro activity against a panel of six P. falciparum drug-sensitive and resistant strains (Geometric Mean IC50=2.24 nM, 95% CI=1.20-3.27). In vitro interactions between pyronaridine and artesunate showed a slight antagonistic trend, but in vivo compared to pyronaridine and artesunate administered alone, the 3:1 ratio of the combination, reduced the ED90 of artesunate by approximately 15.6-fold in a pyronaridine-resistant P. berghei line and by approximately 200-fold in an artesunate-resistant line of P. berghei. Complete cure rates were achieved with doses of the combination above or equal to 8 mg/kg per day against P. chabaudi AS. These results indicate that the combination had an enhanced effect over monotherapy and lower daily doses of artesunate could be used to obtain a curative effect. The data suggest that the combination of pyronaridine and artesunate should have potential in areas of multi-drug resistant malaria.     

Cooperation of B- and T-lymphocytes of the human in vitro and in vivo

It is reported on the experimental proofs for the existence of a cooperation of different populations of lymphocytes in man. Regulatory lymphocytes play a part in the regulation of the synthesis of immunoglobulins by polyclonally stimulated B-lymphocytes, in the generation of killer-T-cells and in the regulation of the DNA-synthesis by mitogenically stimulated T- and B-cells. Typical helper- and suppressor-effects may be proved. Disturbances of lymphocytic interactions may be a cause for the development of immune deficiency diseases. It is very probable that also in several chronic infections a dysfunction of regulatory T-lymphocytes is present.     

Modulation of enterotoxin binding and function in vitro and in vivo

The use of the nontoxic B subunits of cholera and Escherichia coli enterotoxins in vitro and in vivo led to a decrease in toxin binding to target cells and a decrease in toxin-induced effects (i.e., morphological effects, adenylate cyclase activation, and fluid secretion). The reduction in toxin binding involves a process of down-regulation of cellular receptors for the toxin and not toxin occupancy of receptors. The extent of inhibition was dependent on the amount of B subunit used and on the duration of time after its use. Thus, in vivo exposure to a single bolus of B subunit was sufficient to block toxin binding and activity for up to 18 h. Because the B subunit binds extensively to the esophagus and the stomach, peroral administration will require a preparation that allows the subunit to reach the small bowel in a protected form. Our data provide a rationale for using B subunit therapy for short-term protection against the effects of enterotoxins, before the development of an immune response.     

我国高血压防治现状和策略

<正>我国现患高血压2亿人,由于人群高血压患病率的不断升高和防控力度不够,我国高血压人群的知晓率、治疗率、控制率仍处于较低水平。对于像高血压这样的群体性慢性病,应当采取全人     

Patterns of compartment involvement in tibiofemoral osteoarthritis in men and women and in whites and African Americans

Objective

We conducted a cross‐sectional study to describe the prevalence of tibiofemoral joint space narrowing (JSN) in medial and lateral compartments and assess whether it differs by sex and ethnic groups, and, if it does, to what extent such a difference is accounted for by knee malalignment.

Methods

The Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study is an observational study of persons ages 50–79 years with either symptomatic knee osteoarthritis or high risk of disease. Knee radiographs were assessed for JSN in each tibiofemoral compartment. Mechanical axis angle was measured using full‐extremity films. We compared the proportion of knees with medial compartment JSN and with lateral JSN between men and women, as well as between whites and African Americans, using a logistic regression model adjusting for covariates (race or sex and body mass index, age, education, and clinic site). We used generalized estimating equations to account for correlation between 2 knees within a person.

Results

Of 5,202 knees (2,652 subjects), 1,532 (29.5%) had medial JSN and 427 (8.2%) had lateral JSN. Lateral JSN was more prevalent in the knees of women than in men (odds ratio [OR] 1.9, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.5–2.4) and was also higher in the knees of African Americans than in whites (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.7–3.3). Further adjustment for malalignment attenuated the OR for sex but not the OR for race.

Conclusion

Women and African Americans are more likely to have lateral JSN than men and whites, respectively. Valgus malalignment may contribute to the higher prevalence in women.