Metastatic renal carcinoid: case report and review of the literature

Primary renal carcinoid tumor is a rare tumor of the kidney. Metastatic renal carcinoid tumor has not been described in the medical literature. We report a case of renal metastasis of a primary bronchial carcinoid tumor and review the literature about renal carcinoid tumors.     

Testicular carcinoid tumor: A case report and literature review

We present a case of a 46-year-old man with an incidental finding of a right testicular tumor on magnetic resonance imaging. He received radical orchiectomy, and the pathological report showed a testicular carcinoid tumor. He has remained in a stable condition 3 years after the operation. Carcinoid tumors of the testis are extremely rare and account for less than 1% of testicular tumors and carcinoids. A painless mass or prominent testis enlargement is the most distinctive presentation. Less than 1–3% of patients demonstrate carcinoid syndrome. Nuclear scintigraphy scan and computed tomography scan have a diagnostic value in excluding carcinoid from other sites. Radical orchiectomy is the treatment of choice, and the prognosis is good for localized carcinoid tumors after resection. Adjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy for advanced disease shows only minimal benefits.     

肾类癌1例报道并文献复习

目的探讨肾类癌的临床病理特征。方法对1例肾类癌的临床资料进行分析并结合文献复习。结果 59岁女性患者体检时偶然发现无症状左肾肿物,患者无类癌综合征。CT示左肾下极肿物,直径约3.8 cm,边界清楚,强化不明显。患者行经腹膜后途径根治性左肾切除术。免疫组织化学染色显示突触素,CD56,神经元特异性烯醇酶,波形蛋白,CK18呈阳性。病理诊断：左肾类癌T1a期。术后未行辅助治疗,随诊17个月未见肿瘤复发或转移。结论肾类癌极其罕见,确诊依赖病理学及免疫组织化学检查。局限性肾类癌的治疗首选完整的外科切除,其预后相对较好。     

Thymic carcinoid—A case report and review of the literature

We report herein a case of a patient with thymic carcinoid who was operated on twice and has been followed for 9 years. In 1979, the original tumor was removed through an emergency left thoracotomy incision done for a hemothorax caused by an anterior mediastinal biopsy. Tumor recurrence was found 6 years later and removal carried out through a median sternotomy. The patient has been working and enjoying life following radiation and chemotherapy for a total of 9 years after his first operation. Recurrent thymic carcinoid has been thought to carry a poor prognosis, but this successfully treated case has been followed up for a long time after the removal of his recurrent tumor. We present this case and discuss other such cases reported in the Japanese literature.     

Gastric adenocarinoma of the upper oesophagus: A literature review and case report

BackgroundEctopic gastric mucosa (EGM) otherwise termed gastric heterotopia or gastric inlet patch occurs in approximately 2.5% of the population. Adenocarcinoma uncommonly involves the upper oesophagus, rarely arising from gastric heterotopia or submucosal glands. Currently, there are 58 cases in the literature of oesophageal adenocarcinoma arising within areas of EGM. To date no paper has differentiated between gastric or intestinal type adenocarcinoma. This case, which describes adenocarcinoma arising within EGM, exhibited a different immunophenotype reminiscent of gastric type glands, in the absence of intestinal metaplasia. This case should be regarded as a different type of carcinoma, consistent with a non-Barrett’s oesophagus-associated adenocarcinoma.Clinical presentationA 63 year old female presented with a three month history of progressive cervical dysphagia with no associated weight loss or general malaise. Gastroscopy revealed a suspicious lesion at the cricopharyngeus. Positron emission tomography demonstrated a metabolically active primary lesion without evidence of distant disease. The patient received neo-adjuvant chemotherapy followed by a three stage total oesophagectomy. Histology demonstrated a moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma with gastric immunophenotype and background changes of gastric heterotopia.ConclusionEGM is common but scarcely biopsied for evidence of dysplasia or adenocarcinoma. Whilst malignant progression is rare it is important that endoscopists are aware of the potential. Determining the exact type of adenocarcinoma may have implications for therapeutic approaches.Recognition of EGM at endoscopy may identify patients at greater risk of developing adenocarcinomas of the proximal oesophagus, however, this relationship and the necessity for screening requires more study.     

Primary carcinoid tumour of the kidney. A case report and review of the literature

Carcinoid tumours are known to occur frequently in the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts. A primary carcinoid tumour of the kidney is an extremely rare entity and only 40 cases have been reported in the literature. As a consequence, very little is known about its real histogenesis, and its prognosis and clinicopathological patterns are not precisely defined. We report a case of primary carcinoid tumour of the kidney found in a middle-aged woman treated by nephrectomy, along with a thorough review of the literature concerning this kind of neoplasm.     

Appendiceal carcinoid: report of 3 clinical cases and review of the literature

The Authors report three cases of appendiceal carcinoids, found during appendectomy for acute appendicitis during the last 15 years. Appendiceal carcinoid is a rare neoplasm, more frequent in females age ranging between 20 and 29 years. Lack of symptoms explains the occasional diagnosis of this disease. The prognosis is related mostly to the size of the tumor, local and lymphatic invasion, presence of metastases, localization inside the appendix, histological type and age of the patient. Therapy is mainly surgical and consists of appendectomy and right colectomy according to different criteria which are being discussed in this article.     

Appendiceal carcinoid tumor with lymph node metastasis in a child: case report and review of the literature

Most appendiceal carcinoids (ACs) in children present without lymph node metastasis. Lymph node metastasis is rarely present when primary tumor diameter exceeds 1 cm. We present the extraordinary case of an AC with a primary tumor diameter of 0.7 cm and infiltration of the mesentery, as well as 1 positive lymph node of the mesentery in a 14-year-old boy. Besides adding a rare case, we review the data published in the current literature on AC with lymph node metastasis in children and summarize up-to-date guidelines for diagnostic workup, therapy, and follow-up.     

12岁少儿胃癌一例并文献复习

目的探讨少儿胃癌的诊断及治疗以提高诊疗水平。方法总结福建医科大学附属协和医院胃外科于2011年12月17日收治的1例经胃镜确诊的少儿胃癌患者的临床及病理资料;查阅1995年1月至2011年12月间发表的关于少儿胃癌的文献．具体检索福建医科大学图书馆网页MEDLINE、EMBBASE及The Cochrane Library等数据库．检索词为“Children／Pediatricgastriccancer／careinoma”：检索福建医科大学图书馆网页中文期刊全文数据库（CNKI）及中国生物医学期刊文献数据库（CMCC）,检索词为“少儿胃癌”;对少儿胃癌的发病情况、临床表现、治疗及预后进行分析。结果本例患儿12岁,女性。肿瘤位于胃体高位大弯侧近胃底部．予以腹腔镜辅助根治性全胃切除术（D2）,病理提示：胃体溃疡型印戒细胞癌,pT4N0M0,Ⅱb期。术后4d恢复肛门排气,术后9d出院。复习国内外文献共获取少儿胃癌病例15例,其中男7例,女8例,平均年龄12．7（2．5～17．8）岁。肿瘤位于贲门部5例．胃体部1例。胃窦或胃角部4例,胃窦及胃体部1例,未描述部位者4例。印戒细胞癌3例．低分化腺癌6例,中一低分化和中分化腺癌2例,黏液腺癌2例,不清2例。手术治疗11例,围手术期化疗8例。随访9例,半年内死亡4例,半年至1年内死亡4例;1例接受根治性手术和围手术期化疗的生存时间达102个月。结论少儿胃癌发病率极低,恶性度高、预后差,根治性手术是最重要的治疗手段,围手术期化疗可能有助于改善预后。     

胃癌合并脾包虫病1例报告并文献复习

背景与目的 包虫病在牧区是较为常见的人畜共患病,常发生在人体的肝、肺、脾、脑及腹腔等器官。而在临床上孤立性的脾囊性包虫病较为罕见,特别是合并恶性肿瘤就更为少见。目前国内外对该类合并症的研究甚少,本文对1例非疫区胃癌合并原发性脾囊性包虫病的临床表现、诊断和鉴别诊断及治疗措施等方面进行分析总结,为非疫区包虫病合并恶性肿瘤的处理提供相关的参考和思路。方法 分析本院收治的1例非疫区胃癌合并原发性脾囊性包虫病的临床表现、诊断和鉴别诊断以及治疗措施等临床病历资料,并复习相关国内外文献。结果 患者上腹部胀痛不适1个月余,经胃镜及病检证实为胃癌,彩超检查提示脾脏囊性病变,进一步经详细病史询问、查体、CT检查后诊断为局部进展期胃癌、脾脏囊性包虫病,经积极术前准备,并综合考虑肿瘤根治性及脾脏包虫的根治性处理后,进行“D₂淋巴结清扫术、根治性全胃切除、食管-空肠Roux-en-Y吻合、脾切除术、自体脾片移植术”的手术治疗,术中注意防范包虫囊肿破裂并保留了部分脾脏功能,术后病理学证实为胃癌（pT₃N₁M₀）合并脾囊性包虫病,并给予辅助化疗6周期和抗寄生虫治疗3个月。术后3个月监测外周血IgA、IgM、IgG水平均在正常范围内,说明患者免疫功能恢复正常。术后半年行CT检查时发现脾窝处有大小不等结节,考虑脾片成活组织。现患者术后15个月无肿瘤及包虫复发及腹腔播散。结论 胃癌合并原发性脾囊性包虫病在临床上是较为罕见的合并症,尤其在非疫区更为少见。在处理该类合并症时应该兼顾肿瘤和包虫治疗的特殊性,术前着重进行病史询问及完善相关检查以明确诊断;制定详细的术前治疗方案、术中相关准备及手术方案;术后应继续加强抗肿瘤及包虫的治疗和随访。     

Polyorchidism: case report and review of literature

Polyorchidism is a rare anomaly with approximately 70 cases reported in the literature. It may result from transverse division of the urogenital ridge, a hypothesis that best explains the anatomical features of the supernumerary testicle. The primary accompanying disorders and anomalies include maldescended testis, inguinal hernia and torsion. Malignancy has been reported in 3 cases. In the absence of any concomitant disorder and if testicular tumor can be ruled out by magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasonography, surgical exploration with biopsy is unnecessary.     

Gastric femoral hernia in a male cadaver with gastroptosis: case report and review of the literature

The shape and the position of the stomach and its anatomic relations to the round viscera vary from individual to individual, but they also vary in the same subject depending on many factors. The downward displacement of the stomach is called gastroptosis. In the literature, there are only five case reports where the stomach constituted the content of a femoral hernia. The current study presents a case of a gastric femoral hernia in a cadaver along with a review of the relevant literature. During routine dissection of a 67-year-old male cadaver with a very large stomach and gastroptosis, a femoral hernia containing a part of the great curvature of the stomach was found. The length of the hernia sac was 5 cm, and its width was 3.5 cm. There was a disposition of the intestinal coils to the posterior wall and the lesser pelvis. The cadaver’s former medical history and skin observation before dissection excluded any previous abdominal surgery. This is the second case of stomach herniation through the femoral ring in a male subject ever reported. The symptoms in this pathology vary from complete absence to symptoms due to high stenosis of the digestive tract, stomach strangulation and stomach wall necrosis.     

Gastric choristoma of the midline neck in a newborn: a case report and review of the literature

The current report describes a 3-week-old boy presenting with a gastric choristoma of the anterior compartment of the neck. Initial examination at birth found 3 masses in the anterior region of the neck. The only remarkable symptom consisted of episodes of cyanosis induced by neck flexion. The neck mass was removed after computed tomography scan assessment. Pathology finding showed the diagnosis of gastric choristoma. Cervical location of a gastric choristoma in children is rare. Its presentation as a clinically palpable anterior compartment cervical mass at birth even more rare.