低功率氦氖激光照射对大鼠神经功能恢复的影响

目的　研究不同功率的氦氖 (He Ne)激光对大鼠神经功能恢复的影响。方法　采用He Ne激光照射SD大鼠损伤的坐骨神经 ,观察 5、10、15mW不同剂量的He Ne激光对神经功能恢复的影响及病理变化。结果　 3种剂量的He Ne激光照射均可促进损伤神经的再生过程 ,10、15mW的He Ne激光照射对神经功能的恢复作用略优于 5mW组。结论　在本研究所用的剂量范围内 ,可选择 10、15mW的He Ne激光治疗外周神经损伤     

Electrophysiological and functional effects of shock waves on the sciatic nerve of rats

Extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) has been applied in lithotripsy and treatments of musculoskeletal disorders over the past decade, but its effects on peripheral nerves remain unclear. This study investigated the short-term effects of shockwaves on the sciatic nerve of rats. The nerves were surgically exposed and then stimulated with shockwaves at three intensities. We evaluated the motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) of treated sciatic nerves before, immediately after (day 0) and at 1, 4, 7 and 14 d after shockwave treatment. Two functional tests-the sciatic functional index and the withdrawal reflex latency-were evaluated before and at 1, 4, 7 and 14 d after shockwave application. The rats were sacrificed on days 0, 1, 4, 7 and 14 for morphologic observation. The degassed treatment group received high-intensity shockwave treatment using degassed normal saline as the contact medium, and MNCV was measured before and on days 0, 1, 4, 7 and 14. The sham group received the same procedure as the treatment groups (i.e., the surgical operation to expose the sciatic nerve) but with no shockwave treatment. The control group received no surgical operation or shockwave treatment. The results showed moderate decrease in the MNCV after shockwave treatment and damage to the myelin sheath of large-diameter myelinated fibers. The effect was largest (reduction to 60.9% of baseline MNCV) and of longest duration (7 to 14 d) in the high-intensity group. There were no significant changes in functional tests. These results indicated that direct application of shockwaves can induce reversible segmental demyelination in large-diameter fibers, with the electrophysiological changes being positively correlated with the intensity of the shockwaves.     

针刺对大鼠坐骨神经损伤后腓肠肌萎缩的影响

目的：研究针刺对SD大鼠坐骨神经损伤后腓肠肌萎缩的拮抗作用。方法：72只SD大鼠随机分为4组，治疗1组（n=18），疏波，电压2V，频率：Fl：5Hz。治疗2组（n=18），疏波，电压2v，频率：F1：100Hz。治疗3组（n=18），手针。模型组（n=18），行坐骨神经损伤手术造模，但不行治疗。治疗组与模型组均行坐骨神经损伤，建立失神经支配腓肠肌模型，术后第2日开始给予电针及针刺治疗，分别夹在“环跳”、“足三里”处的针柄上，每次30min，每日2次。手针针刺相同穴位，每次30min，每日2次。分别对比观察l、2、6周后腓肠肌湿重、腓肠肌细胞的直径和截面积及腓肠肌纤颤电位波幅的变化。结果：用电针治疗，尤其是低频电针治疗对SD大鼠坐骨神经损伤后腓肠肌肉萎缩的程度有显著的延缓作用，能减慢腓肠肌湿重、腓肠肌细胞的直径和截面积、腓肠肌纤颤电位波幅值的下降速度。结论：低频电针治疗对SD大鼠坐骨神经损伤后腓肠肌的萎缩有拮抗作用     

针刺激对大鼠坐骨神经损伤后神经生长因子mRNA表达的影响

目的:探讨针刺对神经生长因子信使RNA(NGF mRNA)表达的影响,并且从这一角度分析评价电针频率的不同,及电针与手针对神经生长的影响。方法:78只雄性SD大鼠随机分为5组,治疗1组(n=18),疏波,电压2V,频率:F1:5Hz。治疗2组(n=18):疏波,电压2V,频率:F1:100Hz。治疗3组(n=18):手针。模型组(n=18):行坐骨神经损伤手术造模,不行治疗。对照组(n=6),正常成年大鼠。治疗组与模型组均行坐骨神经损伤手术造模,术后第2天开始给予电针及针刺治疗,电针正极接在近心端,负极接在远心端。分别夹在"环跳"、"足三里"处的针柄上,每次30min,每日2次。手针针刺相同穴位,每次30min,每日2次。术后1、2、6周取治疗组大鼠神经损伤部位远侧坐骨神经干0.6cm,应用原位杂交的方法和图像分析处理系统定量测定坐骨神经组织中NGF mRNA水平。结果:治疗组NGF mRNA表达明显增加,均高于模型组(均P<0.01);治疗1组NGF mRNA表达始终处于高水平,明显高于模型组(P<0.01)。结论:针刺激是促进周围神经损伤再生的重要手段,其中5Hz低频电针效果最佳。     

MR T2WI显示实验兔坐骨神经损伤

目的 探讨实验兔坐骨神经损伤后MRI信号、病理改变及与神经功能变化的关系。方法 将20只新西兰大白兔随机均分为5组,制作右侧坐骨神经夹伤模型;分别于夹伤后3天、7天、2周、3周和4周行T2脂肪抑制快速恢复自旋回波（T2 fs FRFSE）序列扫描,TE分别为30 ms、60 ms、90 ms,测量夹伤近端、远端和对照侧神经肌肉信号强度比（SIR）及相对信号强度（ΔS）,分析SIR和ΔS与病理改变和实验兔下肢神经功能的关系。结果 损伤侧神经夹伤远端SIR和ΔS在损伤后3~7天升高,病理见神经出现空泡变性,张趾功能基本丧失;2周时SIR和ΔS升高达到峰值,髓鞘崩解,张趾功能完全丧失;3~4周时SIR和ΔS逐渐恢复,神经纤维出现再生,张趾功能恢复。夹伤侧TE=90、60 ms的T2 fs FRFSE图像显示率及神经夹伤远端和近端的SIR均高于TE=30 ms图像（P均<0.05）。结论 T2 fs FRFSE序列SIR和ΔS可用于评估实验兔神经损伤情况。     

低能量氦氖激光对周围神经再生的电生理研究

目的：探讨低能量氦－氖激光对周围神经再生的影响。方法：用44只体质量2．5kg左右的家兔随机分为4,8,12及16周4个观察组,照射组各用兔6只,对照组各用5只。麻醉后,均切断左侧腓总神经,用9／0尼龙单丝对端吻合神经外膜。照射组在术后1d开始用8313－B型低能量氦－氖激光仪经皮肤照射L5,6脊髓节段,每天照射15min,共照射4d。对照 组不照射,均按期观察。结果：术后4周,可在照射组看到细小而稀少的再生轴突,对照组直到术后8周才能看到（P＜0．01）。照射组的腓总神经潜伏速率均优于对照组（P＜0．01）,动作电位波幅照射组也优于对照组。胫前肌肌纤维横纹,照射组16周时很清楚,对照组不甚清楚。展趾功能到术后16周时,照射组与健侧相同,对照组才恢复到照射组12周的水平。结论：低能量氦－氖激光促进了脊髓运动神经细胞功能,加速了轴突再生。     

超高频超声评价糖尿病大鼠坐骨神经的初步研究

目的 探讨超高频超声评价糖尿病大鼠坐骨神经病变的应用价值.方法 雄性SD大鼠50只,32只经高脂喂养1月后尾静脉注射链脲佐菌素诱导糖尿病大鼠模型并随机分为糖尿病3个月组(12只)和5个月组(20只),其余大鼠随机分为正常对照3个月组(8只)和正常对照5个月组(10只).采用超高频超声测量大鼠坐骨神经的截面积(CSA),行病理组织学检查并采用Image-Pro Plus图像分析软件统计神经纤维数量和神经纤维总面积.结果 糖尿病5个月组的CSA、神经纤维数和神经纤维总面积均较正常对照5个月组减小,差异有统计学意义(t =5.121,P＜0.05;t =7.113,P＜0.05;t=6.328,P＜0.05),糖尿病5个月组的CSA与神经纤维数和神经纤维总面积呈正相关(r =0.73,P＜0.05;r =0.71,P＜0.05).糖尿病3个月组的CSA与正常3个月组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),CSA与病理学指标无明显相关性(r =0.51,P=0.331;r=0.43,P=0.137).结论 超高频超声测量坐骨神经CSA能反映大鼠周围神经病变,为临床提供一种新的评价指标.     

Regenerative effect of adipose tissue‐derived stem cells transplantation using nerve conduit therapy on sciatic nerve injury in rats

This study proposed a biodegradable GGT nerve conduit containing genipin crosslinked gelatin annexed with tricalcium phosphate (TCP) ceramic particles for the regeneration of peripheral nerves. Cytotoxicity tests revealed that GGT‐extracts were non‐toxic and promoted proliferation and neuronal differentiation in the induction of stem cells (i‐ASCs) derived from adipose tissue. Furthermore, the study confirmed the effectiveness of a GGT/i‐ASCs nerve conduit as a guidance channel in the repair of a 10‐mm gap in the sciatic nerve of rats. At eight weeks post‐implantation, walking track analysis showed a significantly higher sciatic function index (SFI) (P < 0.05) in the GGT/i‐ASC group than in the autograft group. Furthermore, the mean recovery index of compound muscle action potential (CMAP) differed significantly between GGT/i‐ASCs and autograft groups (P < 0.05), both of which were significantly superior to the GGT group (P < 0.05). No severe inflammatory reaction in the peripheral nerve tissue at the site of implantation was observed in either group. Histological observation and immunohistochemistry revealed that the morphology and distribution patterns of nerve fibers in the GGT/i‐ASCs nerve conduits were similar to those of the autografts. These promising results achieved through a combination of regenerative cells and GGT nerve conduits suggest the potential value in the future development of clinical applications for the treatment of peripheral nerve injury. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

神经预变性促进周围神经桥接后神经再生的初步研究

目的探讨经过体内预变性的神经用于周围神经缺损桥接修复的效果。方法 SD大鼠20只,制作右侧坐骨神经压榨伤动物模型,3 d后,取坐骨神经用于对侧行神经桥接,在桥接后0 d、3 d、7 d、14 d取材,应用ED1和NF200染色比较双侧神经再生速度及神经纤维内巨噬细胞浸入情况。结果压榨伤后3 d,远端神经纤维内见大量ED1染色阳性巨噬细胞侵入,NF200阳性染色成棒状或碎片状;神经桥接后3 d、7 d、14 d,预变性组与对照组桥接远端均可见大量ED1染色阳性巨噬细胞侵入,经过预变性的神经内神经再生速度明显提高。结论 经过体内预变性的神经用于周围神经缺损桥接修复可明显促进神经再生,其机制可能是巨噬细胞的早期侵入,有利于神经生长抑制物的清除。     

A polylactic acid non‐woven nerve conduit for facial nerve regeneration in rats

This study developed a biodegradable nerve conduit with PLA non‐woven fabric and evaluated its nerve regeneration‐promoting effect. The buccal branch of the facial nerve of 8 week‐old Lewis rats was exposed, and a 7 mm nerve defect was created. A nerve conduit made of either PLA non‐woven fabric (mean fibre diameter 460 nm), or silicone tube filled with type I collagen gel, or an autologous nerve, was implanted into the nerve defect, and their nerve regenerative abilities were evaluated 13 weeks after the surgery. The number of myelinated neural fibres in the middle portion of the regenerated nerve was the highest for PLA tubes (mean ± SD, 5051 ± 2335), followed by autologous nerves (4233 ± 590) and silicone tubes (1604 ± 148). Axon diameter was significantly greater in the PLA tube group (5.17 ± 1.69 µm) than in the silicone tube group (4.25 ± 1.60 µm) and no significant difference was found between the PLA tube and autograft (5.53 ± 1.93 µm) groups. Myelin thickness was greatest for the autograft group (0.65 ± 0.24 µm), followed by the PLA tube (0.54 ± 0.18 µm) and silicone tube (0.38 ± 0.12 µm) groups, showing significant differences among the three groups. The PLA non‐woven fabric tube, composed of randomly‐connected PLA fibres, is porous and has a number of advantages, such as sufficient strength to maintain luminal structure. The tube has demonstrated a comparable ability to induce peripheral nerve regeneration following autologous nerve transplantation. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

神经生长液促大鼠坐骨神经再生的实验研究

目的评价一种新型中药-神经生长液对大鼠坐骨神经损伤后神经再生的影响。方法SD大鼠50只雌雄各半,采用随机数字表法将其随机分成5组:神经生长液低、中、高剂量组,弥可保组和空白对照组。采用坐骨神经夹伤模型,于术后每5d测定坐骨神经功能指数(sciaticnerveindex,SFI),术后第20天行电生理,组织学检测及超微结构观察。结果术后5d时实验组(-72±9)与对照组(-79±8)间SFI差异无显著性意义(F=1.58,P>0.05),10d时高剂量组(-60±9)和弥可保组(-61±7)优于对照组(-75±7)(F=5.1,P<0.05),15d和20d时低、中、高剂量组及弥可保组均优于对照组(F=6.83和9.92,P<0.05)。坐骨神经干动作电位传导速度,小腿三头肌最大收缩力检测,及脊髓前角运动神经元记数、再生有髓纤维数、肌细胞截面积等指标神经生长液低、中、高剂量组及弥可保组均优于空白对照组(F=26.29,51.35,7.86,37.38,11.11,P<0.05)。超微结构观察实验组有髓神经纤维的髓鞘形态、厚度、成熟度均优于对照组,变性纤维的数目少于对照组。结论神经生长液能促进周围神经再生及功能的恢复。     

NGF与CNTF促进周围神经电生理功能恢复的协同作用研究

目的 利用新型神经再生小室模型探讨联合应用神经生长因子（NGF）和睫状神经营养因子（CNTF）促进周围神经电生理功能恢复的效果。方法 用自行研制的梭形双通道桥接管桥接36只大鼠坐骨神经10mm缺损，根据梭形管的两支管内注入的药物不同将动物随机分为A组（两支管内均注入几丁糖凝胶）、B组（一侧支管内注入几丁糖＋NGF，另一侧支管内注入几丁糖＋NGF＋CNTF）和C组（一侧支管内注入几丁糖＋CNTF，另一侧支管内注入几丁糖＋NGF＋CNTF）。于术后8，12周对再生神经的大体形态、组织病理学进行观察，并对术后12周的再生神经行皮质感觉诱发电位（CSEP）、复合肌肉动作电位（CMAP）及神经传导速度（CV）测定。结果 A组两支管内再生神经纤维组织形态学及电生理功能差异无统计学意义。B组和C组注入NGF＋CNTF侧再生纤维粗细均匀，排列整齐，明显优于对照侧，CSEP、CMAP的潜伏期短、振幅高、传导速度快，两者差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论 NGF与CNTF对周围神经电生理功能的恢复具有协同作用。     

海藻纤维膜片促进大鼠损伤坐骨神经的再生

背景：课题组和青岛大学高分子材料研究所合作研制的海藻纤维生物膜,具有优良的生物相容性,常被用作制备各种复合材料。目的：观察海藻纤维膜片包绕覆盖神经断端吻合口对大鼠坐骨神经损伤后再生的影响。方法：切断36只雄性Wistar大鼠右侧坐骨神经,随机分组：对照组行神经外膜端端吻合;实验组行神经外膜端端缝合,将海藻纤维膜片包绕并覆盖神经吻合口远近端各约0.5 cm,形成封闭再生室。术后观察海藻纤维膜片降解吸收规律及缝合处粘连情况,组织学切片行苏木精-伊红染色、锇酸染色、白细胞介素2及白细胞介素4免疫组织化学染色。结果与结论：术后4-6周,实验组海藻纤维膜片逐渐被降解吸收,与周围组织粘连较少,炎性细胞浸润程度较轻,纤维组织增生较少。两组术后1,7,14 d的白细胞介素2及白细胞介素4含量比较差异无显著性意义。实验组术后6周再生神经纤维分布规则且大小较为均一,其神经纤维数量、轴突大小及髓鞘厚度等指标均显著优于对照组（P 〈0.05）。表明海藻纤维膜片具有良好的生物降解性和组织相容性,其包绕覆盖坐骨神经形成的神经再生密闭室可促进大鼠损伤坐骨神经再生。     

The effect of aloe vera on ischemia—Reperfusion injury of sciatic nerve in rats

PurposeAloe vera is compound which has strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. We investigated the neuroprotective role of aloe vera treatment in rats with experimental sciatic nerve ischemia/reperfusion injury.MethodsTwenty-eight male Wistar Albino rats were divided equally into 4 groups. Groups; Control group (no surgical procedure or medication), sciatic nerve ischemia/reperfusion group, sciatic nerve ischemia/reperfusion + aloe vera group and sciatic nerve ischemia/reperfusion + methylprednisolone group. Ischemia was performed by clamping the infrarenal abdominal aorta. 24 hours after ischemia, all animals were sacrificed. Sciatic nerve tissues were also examined histopathologically and biochemically.ResultsIschemic fiber degeneration significantly decreased in the pre-treated with aloe vera and treated with methylprednisolone groups, especially in the pre-treated with aloe vera group, compared to the sciatic nerve ischemia/reperfusion group (p < 0.05). A significant decrease in MDA, an increase in NRF1 level and SOD activity were observed in the groups which obtained from the AV and MP groups when compared to the sciatic nerve ischemia/reperfusion group. When all results were analysed it was seen that the aloe vera group was not statistically different compared to the MP group (p > 0.05).ConclusionsAloe vera is effective neuroprotective against sciatic nerve ischemia/reperfusion injury via antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Also aloe vera was found to be as effective as MP.     

NGF／PLGA复合神经导管修复大鼠周围神经缺损的实验研究

目的：应用神经生长因子（NGV）、聚乳酸和聚羟基乙酸的共聚物（PLGA）和牛血清白蛋白（BSA）制成NGF／PLGA复合神经导管。检测其综合性能和了解其修复大鼠周围神经缺损的可能性。方法：体外模拟体内环境，检测它的降解时间及用ELISA的方法来检测NGF的释放情况；手术造成大鼠坐骨神经约10mm的缺损，分别采用自体神经移植（A组）、NGF／PLGA复合神经导管桥接（B组）和单纯PLGA导管（C组）桥接，术后4、8、12周进行大体观察、神经电生理测定、HE染色、变色酸2R一亮绿髓鞘染色、电镜观察和图像分析对比。结果：在体外NGF／PLGA复合神经导管能在体外释放NGF约18天，约在14周左右导管降解完毕。NGF／PLGA神经导管组在促进坐骨神经再生、再生神经纤维排列规律化、提高再生神经髓鞘化、加速再生神经功能重建等方面均优于单纯PLGA导管组。比自体神经移植组略差。结论：NGF，PLGA复合神经导管具有良好的组织相容性，对大鼠坐骨神经缺损具有良好的桥梁作用和促神经生长的作用，效果接近自体神经移植。     

分米波对大鼠周围神经慢性卡压的作用机制

目的：探讨分米波对周围神经慢性卡压康复的作用机制。方法：选取SD大鼠90只，随机分成A（实验）、B（空白对照组）两组。制备Mackinnon坐骨神经卡压模型。A组术后第1d至术后12周，局部行分米波辐射，B组于A组治疗同时行空白对照。术后进行大体、光镜、电镜、免疫组化、轴突图像分析和神经电生理测定。结果：实验组较对照组再生有髓神经纤维数目多、髓鞘发育成熟，神经膜细胞中S-100蛋白的表达水平较高，神经传导速度快且波幅较高。结论：分米波可促进神经膜细胞增殖，提高再生神经中S-100蛋白的表达水平，有利于神经再生和功能恢复。     

复方丹参注射液对大鼠急性脊髓损伤后神经再生的影响(英文)

目的:探讨丹参对急性脊髓损伤的影响及作用机制。方法:36只SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型对照组和丹参治疗组。在建立脊髓损伤动物模型后,分别给模型对照组大鼠注射生理盐水、丹参治疗组大鼠注射复方丹参注射液,观测脊髓组织学及超微结构变化。结果:经复方丹参治疗14d后,大鼠脊髓前角运动神经体积密度(Vv)值为8.34±0.3,用药剂量为2g/(kg·d)时Vv值增大,脊髓内髓鞘断裂减轻,吞噬细胞清除组织降解物,神经元变性恢复。结论:丹参对大鼠急性脊髓损伤后神经修复及再生有促进作用。     

低功率半导体激光照射对大鼠损伤神经功能恢复的实验研究

目的：研究不同输出功率的半导体激光对大鼠神经功能恢复的影响。方法：采用半导体激光照射ＳＤ 大鼠损伤的坐骨神经，观察５ｍ Ｗ、１０ｍ Ｗ、１５ｍ Ｗ 不同剂量的半导体激光照射对神经功能恢复的影响及病理变化。结果：半导体激光照射促进损伤神经轴突及髓鞘的再生过程，１５ｍ Ｗ 的半导体激光照射对神经功能的恢复作用较明显。结论：１５ｍ Ｗ 的半导体激光可用于大鼠神经损伤的治疗     

Functional recovery guided by an electrospun silk fibroin conduit after sciatic nerve injury in rats

The aim of this study was to evaluate the regenerative capacity of a newly developed nerve guidance conduit using electrospun silk fibroin (SFNC) implanted in a 10‐mm defect of the sciatic nerve in rats. After evaluating the physical properties and cytocompatibility of SFNC in vitro, rats were randomly allocated into three groups: defect only, autograft and SFNC. To compare motor function and abnormal sensation among groups, ankle stance angle (ASA) and severity of autotomy were observed for 10 weeks after injury. Immunostaining with axonal neurofilament (NF) and myelin basic protein (MBP) antibodies were performed to investigate regenerated nerve fibres inside SFNC. ASA increased significantly in the SFNC group at 1, 7 and 10 weeks after injury compared to the defect only group (p < 0.05). At one week, mean ASA of the SFNC group was significantly higher than that of the autograft group (p < 0.05). Onset and severity of autotomy decreased significantly in the SFNC group compared to other groups (p < 0.05). Autotomy in the SFNC group started at 4 weeks and maximally reached toe level. However, the defect only and autograft groups first showed autotomy at 2 and 1 weeks following injury, respectively, and then reached the sole level. Well myelinated nerve fibres stained with NF and MBP were found inside SFNC. In conclusion, SFNC could be helpful in restoring motor function and preventing abnormal sensations after nerve injury. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The effect of spinal position on sciatic nerve excursion during seated neural mobilisation exercises: an in vivo study using ultrasound imaging

Objectives: Research has established that the amount of inherent tension a peripheral nerve tract is exposed to influences nerve excursion and joint range of movement (ROM). The effect that spinal posture has on sciatic nerve excursion during neural mobilisation exercises has yet to be determined. The purpose of this research was to examine the influence of different sitting positions (slump-sitting versus upright-sitting) on the amount of longitudinal sciatic nerve movement during different neural mobilisation exercises commonly used in clinical practice.

Methods: High-resolution ultrasound imaging followed by frame-by-frame cross-correlation analysis was used to assess sciatic nerve excursion. Thirty-four healthy participants each performed three different neural mobilisation exercises in slump-sitting and upright-sitting. Means comparisons were used to examine the influence of sitting position on sciatic nerve excursion for the three mobilisation exercises. Linear regression analysis was used to determine whether any of the demographic data represented predictive variables for longitudinal sciatic nerve excursion.

Results: There was no significant difference in sciatic nerve excursion (across all neural mobilisation exercises) observed between upright-sitting and slump-sitting positions (P?=?0.26). Although greater body mass index, greater knee ROM and younger age were associated with higher levels of sciatic nerve excursion, this model of variables offered weak predictability (R²?=?0.22).

Discussion: Following this study, there is no evidence that, in healthy people, longitudinal sciatic nerve excursion differs significantly with regards to the spinal posture (slump-sitting and upright-sitting). Furthermore, although some demographic variables are weak predictors, the high variance suggests that there are other unknown variables that may predict sciatic nerve excursion. It can be inferred from this research that clinicians can individualise the design of seated neural mobilisation exercises, using different seated positions, based upon patient comfort and minimisation of neural mechanosensitivity with the knowledge that sciatic nerve excursion will not be significantly influenced.