Evaluation of optic nerve head vessels density changes after phacoemulsification cataract surgery using optical coherence tomography angiography

AIM: To evaluate optic nerve head (ONH) vessel density (VD) changes after cataract surgery using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). METHODS: This was a prospective observational study. Thirty-four eyes with mild/moderate cataracts were included. ONH scans were obtained before and 3mo after cataract surgery using OCTA. Radial peripapillary capillary (RPC) density, all VD, large VD and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT) in total disc, inside disc, and different peripapillary sectors were assessed and analyzed. Image quality score (QS), fundus photography grading and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were also collected, and correlation analyses were performed between VD change and these parameters. RESULTS: Compared with baseline, both RPC and all VD increased in inside disc area 3mo postoperatively (from 47.5%±5.3% to 50.2%±3.7%, and from 57.87%±4.30% to 60.47%±3.10%, all P<0.001), but no differences were observed in peripapillary area. However, large VD increased from 5.63%±0.77% to 6.47%±0.72% in peripapillary ONH region (P<0.001). RPC decreased in inferior and superior peripapillary ONH parts (P=0.019, <0.001 respectively). There were obvious negative correlations between RPC change and large VD change in inside disc, superior-hemi, and inferior-hemi (r=-0.419, -0.370, and -0.439, P=0.017, 0.044, and 0.015, respectively). No correlations were found between VD change and other parameters including QS change, fundus photography grading, postoperative BCVA, and postoperative peripapillary RNFLT. CONCLUSION: RPC density and all VD in the inside disc ONH region increase 3mo after surgery in patients with mild to moderate cataract. No obvious VD changes are found in peripapillary area postoperatively.     

相干光断层扫描对视网膜脱离复位术后视力恢复的评估

【摘要】 目的 通过相干光断层扫描（OCT）观察孔源性视网膜脱离行巩膜扣带术后黄斑区的结构 ,分析其与视力变化的关系。设计 回顾性病例系列。研究对象 绵阳市中心医院孔源性视网膜脱离 已累及黄斑区,经行巩膜扣带术视网膜成功复位的41例（41眼）患者。方法 分别于术后1周,1、3 、6、12个月行最佳矫正视力、眼底检查,OCT检查。对术后6个月OCT检查视网膜下液完全吸收者, 第9个月增加一次最佳矫正视力、眼底检查,OCT检查。主要指标 最佳矫正视力,OCT表现。结果 （1）术后1周,1、3、6、12个月最佳矫正视力≥0.3者分别为3眼（7.32%）、8眼（19.51%）、22 眼（53.66%）、28眼（68.29%）、31眼（75.61%）;各时间点OCT检查黄斑区视网膜下液完全吸收 者分别为2眼（4.88%）、11眼（26.83%）、21眼（51.22%）、37眼（90.24%）、40眼（97.56%）。 （2）OCT显示首次黄斑区视网膜下液完全吸收者,较之前一次检查时间最佳矫正视力提高2行以上 者35眼（85.37%）,差异有统计学意义（P=0.008）;术后6个月内OCT示黄斑区视网膜下液完全吸 收的37眼,其后1~3个月最佳矫正视力再提高2行以上者22眼（59.46%）,而黄斑区视网膜下液完全 吸收3个月之后复查时,最佳矫正视力较黄斑区视网膜下液完全吸收3个月内提高均未超过1行,两 者比较差异有统计学意义（P=0.032）。结论 OCT检查可更好地判断黄斑区视网膜的解剖复位;视 网膜脱离术后解剖复位（黄斑区视网膜下液完全吸收）后功能恢复多在3个月内。（眼科, 2012, 21： 401-404）     

OCT及OCTA观察垂体腺瘤患者黄斑区视网膜结构和微循环的改变

目的：应用光学相干断层扫描(OCT)及光学相干断层扫描血管成像(OCTA)观察垂体腺瘤(PA)患者黄斑区视网膜结构和微循环的改变。

方法：横断面研究。纳入2021-09/2023-03在广东医科大学附属医院神经外科治疗的PA患者40例作为PA组，另选取年龄、性别相匹配的健康志愿者42例作为正常对照组，均进行视野、OCT和OCTA检查，并分析PA患者眼部参数的相关性。

结果：PA组患者黄斑区视网膜各层血管密度(VD)均低于正常对照组，且黄斑区浅层血管复合体(SVC)-VD与神经节细胞复合体(mGCC)厚度(除内环鼻侧、外环下方)均呈正相关(P<0.05)，黄斑区各象限mGCC厚度、视盘周围各象限视网膜神经纤维层(CP-RNFL)厚度与视野平均缺损(MD)值均呈负相关(P<0.05)，中心凹无血管区(FAZ)面积与MD值呈正相关(P<0.05)。

结论：OCT与OCTA检查相结合可以全面了解PA患者视网膜结构和微循环功能的微观变化，对评估PA患者术前视功能具有重要价值。     

黄斑光学相干断层扫描图像与孔源性视网膜脱离术后视力变化的相关性分析

目的观察波及黄斑区的非复杂性孔源性视网膜脱离术后各时期黄斑区光学相干断层扫描图像特征,分析其与视力恢复过程的对应关系。方法对28例28眼波及黄斑区的非复杂性孔源性视网膜脱离经巩膜外加压术视网膜成功复位的患者分别于术后1周、1月、3月、6月、12月行光学相干断层扫描检查,观察黄斑区形态变化,并分析其与相应时间段内视力变化的关系。结果术后1周所有患者均有不同程度的视网膜神经上皮下积液存留,随着时间的延长,积液不断吸收,至术后12月时,仍有3例视网膜神经上皮下存在少量积液,其余积液全部吸收。与之相对应,随着神经上皮下积液的不断吸收,患者视力逐渐提高,术后12月时患者最佳矫正视力<0.05者1眼,0.05~0.3者6眼,0.3~0.5者8眼,≥0.5者13眼。术后1月与1周(P<0.02)、3月与1月(P<0.01)的视网膜神经上皮厚度 脱离高度比较均有显著性差异,而术后6月、12月则无明显变化(P>0·10)。结论光学相干断层扫描能从微观角度清晰地显示视网膜复位后黄斑区形态结构的变化,并能较好地解释术后视力的恢复过程,从而为科学预测术后视力提供帮助。     

光学相干断层扫描血流成像技术(OCTA)在视网膜静脉阻塞中的应用

光学相干断层扫描血管成像技术(optical coherence tomography angiography,OCTA)是一种近年来新兴的无创、快速、高分辨率的眼底血管成像技术.OCTA拥有分层观察不同层面的视网膜血管形态,量化血流灌注的独特优势,现广泛应用于各类眼底血管疾病的诊断及随访.视网膜静脉阻塞是一种常见的眼底血管病变,本文对OCTA在视网膜静脉阻塞的应用进行综述.     

Optical coherence tomography angiography of optic disc perfusion in non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy

AIM: To compare the optic disc blood flow of non-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) eyes with normal eyes. METHODS: The optic disc blood flow densities of diagnosed non-acute phase NAION eyes (21 eyes, 14 individuals) and normal eyes (19 eyes, 12 individuals) were detected via Optovue optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). The optic disc blood flow was measured via Image J software. Correlations between optic disc perfusion and visual function variables were assessed by linear regression analysis. RESULTS: The average percentage of the optic disc non-perfusion areas in the non-acute phase NAION patients (17.84%±6.18%) was increased, when compared to the normal control eyes (8.61%±1.65%), and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). Moreover, there was a proportional correlation between the visual field mean defect (MD) and the optic disc non-perfusion area percentage, and the relationship was statistically significant (t=3.65, P<0.01, R2=0.4118). In addition, the critical correlation between the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and the optic disc non-perfusion area percentage was statistically significant (t=4.32, P<0.01, R2=0.4957). CONCLUSION: The optic disc non-perfusion area percentages detected via OCTA in NAION eyes were significantly increased when compared with the normal eyes. Both the BCVA and MD were correlated with the optic disc flow detected, revealing that OCTA may be valuable in the diagnosis and estimation of NAION.     

Changes in the peripapillary vasculature and macular thickness after cataract surgery using two phacoemulsification systems with optical coherence tomography angiography

AIM: To assess the changes in the peripapillary vasculature and macular thickness after cataract surgery using two phacoemulsification systems with optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). METHODS: Fifty-two eyes of 52 patients with age-related cataract were randomized into two groups for phacoemulsification: Infiniti group (26 patients) using the Infiniti phacoemulsification system with gravity-fluidics and Centurion group (26 patients) using the Centurion phacoemulsification system with active-fluidics. The peripapillary vessel density (PVD) and macular thickness were examined using OCTA at baseline and at 1d, 1 and 3mo after cataract surgery. RESULTS: In the Infiniti group, the PVD was significantly reduced at 1d after the cataract surgery (P<0.001). However, the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness showed no significant change during the follow-up. Change in PVD 1d postoperatively was significantly negatively correlated to the cumulative dissipated energy (CDE), estimated fluid usage (EFU), effective phacoemulsification time (EPT), intraocular pressure (IOP), and total operating time (TOT; P<0.05). The macular thickness was significantly increased in all regions after the cataract surgery (P<0.05). However, no significant changes were found in the macular vessel density (VD) during the follow-up (P>0.05). In the Centurion group, the VD and thickness in the optic papilla and macula did not significantly change in all regions during the follow-up (all P>0.05). The best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) significantly improved in both groups postoperatively (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: Using the Infiniti phacoemulsification system, OCTA provides a promising analysis of retinal vascular alterations, demonstrating a reduction of the PVD and an increase in the macular thickness. The Centurion phacoemulsification system can provide better retinal vasculature preservation during cataract surgery.     

OCT和OCTA在视神经炎诊断中的应用

光学相干断层扫描(OCT)和光学相干断层扫描血流成像(OCTA)是眼科先进的检查手段,可对眼部进行高分辨率检测,发现眼部的细微病变。OCT和OCTA可用于视神经炎等多种疾病的诊断与随访,有助于临床医师了解疾病的临床表现及发展过程。本文就OCT和OCTA在视神经炎诊断中的应用进行综述。     

基于OCTA的白内障超声乳化术后黄斑区视网膜厚度和血管密度分析

目的利用光学相干断层扫描血管成像(optical coherence tomography angiography,OCTA)评估白内障超声乳化术后黄斑区视网膜厚度和血管密度的改变。方法纳入47例(57眼)白内障患者,分别在白内障超声乳化术前及术后1周、1个月和3个月使用OCTA检查患眼黄斑中心凹、黄斑中心凹旁、黄斑中心凹周边视网膜厚度和黄斑区视网膜浅层、深层的微血管密度以及黄斑中心凹无血管区(foveal avascular zone,FAZ)面积的变化。结果与术前相比,术后1个月和3个月黄斑中心凹、黄斑中心凹旁和黄斑中心凹周边视网膜全层厚度均显著增加(均为P<0.05),主要表现在内层视网膜的增加上。术后1周、1个月、3个月,黄斑中心凹旁及黄斑中心凹周边视网膜浅层血管密度与术前相比差异均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05),仅术后1个月视网膜深层黄斑中心凹周边血管密度显著高于术前(P<0.05)。术后1个月和3个月黄斑FAZ面积分别为(0.42±0.23)mm²和(0.34±0.17)mm²,显著低于术前的(0.73±0.9...     

累及黄斑的视网膜脱离术后5a的视功能和光学相干断层扫描的分析

目的:观察累及黄斑区视网膜脱离巩膜扣带术后的黄斑光学相干断层扫描(OCT)图像及术前和术后最佳矫正视力(BCVA)之间的关系的研究。方法:回顾分析5a随访的47例47眼累及黄斑区视网膜脱离患者,并将其分成两组:黄斑脱离≤7d组和>7d组。间接眼底镜行眼底检查,并行TOPCON光学相干断层扫描。结果:患者47例术后5a较术后3mo平均术后BCVA增加1.60±0.02行。≤7d组术后5a的BCVA为0.53,>7d组为0.25,两组之间有显著差异(P=0.008)。≤7d组术后BCVA≥0.4者28例,而>7d组术后BCVA≥0.4者7例(P<0.01)。5a术后随访间接检眼镜检查表明,视网膜脱离均复位。而OCT显示视网膜下液1眼(2%),黄斑区神经上皮层组织堆积1眼(2%),这2例患者术后5a的平均视力只有0.13,明显低于其他45例,术后5a平均BCVA视力为0.54(P=0.025)。术后视网膜较厚组BCVA明显高于视网膜较薄的组,并有统计学差异(P=0.008)。结论:累及黄斑的视网膜脱离时间对术后视力的恢复有很大影响,呈负相关,同时术后视力在较长时间里仍会不同程度的提高,术后视网膜的厚度与术后视力呈正相关性。我们建议对于某些术后复位良好而视力不佳者进行OCT扫描,以便发现视力不佳的原因。本研究对临床预测评估累及黄斑的视网膜脱离复位术后,潜在视功能恢复的情况提供依据。     

Analysis of retinal vasculature changes in indirect traumatic optic neuropathy using optic coherence tomography angiography

AIM: To assess the retinal vasculature alterations in indirect traumatic optic neuropathy (ITON) patients following craniofacial trauma by optic coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). METHODS: Patients diagnosed of monocular ITON were recruited from August 2016 to May 2020. OCTA was performed using the AngioVue OCT-A system for two cube scans centered at the optic nerve head and fovea. OCTA data included thicknesses of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and macular ganglion cell complex (GCC), as well as proportion of capillary perfusion and data were analyzed for correlation with post-injury timepoints: within 7, 8-30, 31-90, and 91-365d. RESULTS: A total of 73 ITON patients were studied. Significant thinning of RNFL and GCC layers and attenuation of microvascular perfusion were observed in ITON eyes as compared to contralateral unaffected eyes (for most of the analyzed sectors and quadrants, P<0.05). Without respect to surgical intervention and vision recovery, the decrease in retinal layer thicknesses and microvascular perfusion was time-dependent, and most significant within three months (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: ITON presents with time-dependent thinning of retinal layers and attenuation of microvasculature, indicating possible degeneration of retinal ganglion cells due to reduced retinal blood supply.     

视网膜脱离手术后黄斑区OCT图形特征

目的:观察孔源性视网膜脱离手术后视网膜复位及视力恢复情况;黄斑区OCT图形特征。方法:77例77眼裂孔型视网膜脱离在巩膜扣带术前后,行除常规检查外,拍摄眼底像,行黄斑区OCT检查[以黄斑中心凹为中心"十"字扫描,5.62mm标准扫描线,测量中心凹神经纤维(NF)厚度,及视网膜下残液量,并打印出图像];术后1wk;1,2,3,6mo随访矫正视力、眼底及OCT。结果:本组视网膜脱离患者手术后临床复位率100%,而OCT扫描显示,术后1wk解剖复位率52%,术后1mo62%,术后2mo71%,术后3mo75%,术后6mo87%;术后视力在3～6mo内逐渐提高并稳定;黄斑区OCT图形异常提示视功能改善差。结论:OCT是视网膜脱离手术前后了解和观察病情、预测预后的可靠手段。     

基于光学微血流成像技术的相干光断层扫描血流成像对视网膜血流定量分析的可重复性评价

目的 评价基于光学微血流成像技术（OMAG）的相干光断层扫描血流成像（OCTA）在正常眼视网膜血流定量分析的可重复性。设计 诊断试验。研究对象 40名（40眼）健康志愿者,年龄22~55岁,平均（33.0±8.8）岁。方法 使用ZeissCirrus HD-OCT 5000扫描,以基于OMAG技术的AngioPlexTM软件对视网膜浅层3 mm×3 mm OCTA图像的血流长度密度（VLD）、灌注密度（PD）及黄斑中心凹无血流信号区（FAZ）面积、周长、圆形度进行自动定量分析。采用变异系数（CV）评价观察日内及观察日间重复性,组内相关系数（ICC）评价观察者间再现性。主要指标 变异系数（CV）和组内相关系数（ICC）。结果 各血流参数观察日内CV（1.2±1.0)%~(4.2±5.5)%,均≤4.2％,观察日间CV（1.4±0.8)%~(4.6±4.9)%,均≤4.6％,观察日间CV高于观察日内CV,而中心凹、FAZ各参数CV高于旁中心凹CV;各血流参数观察者间ICC（0.923~0.994）,均≥0.923,中心凹、FAZ各参数ICC高于旁中心凹。结论 基于OMAG技术的OCTA对正常眼视网膜浅层血流各参数测量均具有较好的重复性和再现性。（眼科,2018, 27：107-110）     

超广角OCTA对视网膜静脉阻塞眼视网膜无灌注区的检出效果分析

目的 分析超广角光学相干断层扫描血管成像(OCTA)对视网膜静脉阻塞(RVO)眼视网膜无灌注区的检出效果。方法 选取2021年11月至2022年4月就诊于四川省人民医院眼科的RVO患者48例(48眼)作为研究对象,其中,视网膜中央静脉阻塞(CRVO)19例19眼,视网膜分支静脉阻塞(BRVO)29例29眼。所有患者均行检眼镜、荧光素眼底血管造影(FFA)和超广角OCTA检查。超广角OCTA检查选择24 mm×20 mm扫描模式。以FFA的检查结果为金标淮,计算超广角OCTA对RVO眼视网膜无灌注区的检出率,并应用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线)分析其检测性能。结果 本研究共28眼(58.3%)被FFA检出视网膜无灌注区,超广角OCTA检出其中27眼,检出率96.4%,遗漏的一只患眼是由于超广角OCTA检测范围受限所致。在余下的20只患眼中,超广角OCTA更灵敏地检出1只患眼黄斑上方存在视网膜无灌注区,而在FFA图像中这个区域被视网膜出血引起的低荧光所掩盖。ROC分析结果显示：超广角OCTA检测RVO眼视网膜无灌注区的灵敏度、特异度分别为83.3%、100.0%,AUC为0.957。结论...     

糖尿病性视神经病变的OCT图像特点分析

目的：回顾分析糖尿病性视神经病变( diabetic optic neuropathy, DON )的相干光断层成像( optical coherence tomography,OCT)的特点。
　　方法：回顾性系列病例研究。选择2013-12/2015-10西安交通大学医学院第二附属医院眼科门诊和内分泌科会诊期间诊断为2型糖尿病且伴有眼底病变的患者175例350眼的临床资料,记录患者的全身检查情况和疾病史,阅读所有患者的彩色眼底照相、荧光素眼底血管造影( fluorescein fundus angiography,FFA)、OCT的影像结果,并进行分析统计。
　　结果：通过FFA 检查视乳头具有异常荧光表现,确定有DON的有49例90眼,占25.7%。 OCT结果显示DON 90眼中15眼(16.7%)表现为视神经形态大致正常;20眼(22.2%)表现为视杯凹陷变小或消失,筛板前组织肿胀,同时伴有盘周神经纤维层水肿;26眼(28.9%)表现为视杯深陷,杯盘比变大;18眼(20.0%)表现为视盘内或视盘表面组织增生;11眼(12.3%)玻璃体视乳头牵拉,视盘边缘抬高。在FFA中有相同荧光表现的DON患眼,在OCT检查可表现出不同的组织形态。
　　结论：FFA从视神经的血循环状态变化定义DON,而OCT可以发现FFA所不能显示的视神经组织形态的变化,从而更清晰视神经病变的位置和原因,为治疗提供依据。OCT无创、快捷、费用低、可重复性强等优点有利于DON患者的复查及治疗效果追踪。     

A study of retinal parameters measured by optical coherence tomography in patients with multiple sclerosis

AIM: To investigate the difference of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and macular fovea thickness/volume between multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and healthy normal individuals using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and assess its association with visual field parameters. METHODS: Thirty consecutive MS patients and 28 healthy controls were recruited in this prospective study. Comprehensive standardized ophthalmic examinations included visual acuity, cycloplegic refraction, intraocular pressure, gonioscopy, visual field, and RNFL thickness and macular fovea thickness/volume detection using Humphrey OCT. Mean values for the thickness of the peripapillary RNFL and macular volume were calculated. Associations between visual field parameters and RNFL thickness/macular volume were analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis. RESULTS: The RNFL thicknesses in each quadrant, the average macular thickness, and the average macular volume in MS patients were all less than those in healthy controls, with statistically significant differences. The RNFL thickness and macular fovea thickness/volume were greater in eyes without optic neuritis than in eyes with optic neuritis. The average visual field parameters had positive correlations with the RNFL thickness and negative correlations with macular parameters in MS patients. CONCLUSION: OCT measurements can effectively identify the nerve changes of MS patients, which provide more data for the diagnosis of MS.     

OCT和OCTA在特发性黄斑前膜术后视力预测中的研究进展

特发性黄斑前膜(IERM)是指一类没有任何已知其他眼病的黄斑前膜,多发于50岁以上的中老年人。随着IERM的进展,会引起黄斑区视网膜结构和功能的改变,引起视力下降、视物变形等症状。目前关于IERM的发病机制尚不明确,手术是主要的治疗方式,但对于手术时机尚未标准化,术后的视力恢复结局也存在差异。光学相干断层扫描(OCT)和OCT血管成像(OCTA)作为一种无创、快速的检测手段,可观察黄斑区视网膜微结构和血流变化,已经在临床中广泛应用。利用OCT和OCTA各参数去预测术后视力已经成为IERM的研究热点。本文就OCT与OCTA各参数和IERM术后视力预测的相关研究现状进行综述,以期为临床工作者确定手术时机,权衡手术收益和风险时提供依据。     

Correlation between optic nerve head parameters and retinal nerve fibre layer thickness measured by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography in myopic eyes

Background: To evaluate the correlation between optic nerve head parameters and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness measured by Cirrus HD spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography (Cirrus HD‐OCT; Carl Zeiss Meditec) in healthy myopic eyes. Design: Cross‐sectional study. Participants: One hundred and sixty‐one right eyes from 161 healthy young myopic subjects. Methods: Optic nerve head parameters and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness were measured with the Cirrus HD‐OCT. The distance between optic disc margin and scan circle (disc margin‐to‐scan distance) was measured on the Cirrus HD‐OCT en‐face optic nerve head image with aid of National Institutes of Health ImageJ image‐analysis software (developed by Wayne Rasbands, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD). Main Outcome Measures: The correlations among optic nerve head parameters, retinal nerve fibre layer thickness and the disc margin‐to‐scan distance were evaluated with and without adjustment of the magnification effect. Results: Without correction of the magnification effect, the thicker average retinal nerve fiber layer was correlated with greater rim area and lower degree of myopia (P < 0.001). When the magnification effect was corrected, thicker average retinal nerve fibre layer was associated with greater disc area and greater rim area in univariate and multivariate analyses (P ≤ 0.028); however, degrees of myopia and the disc margin‐to‐scan distance were not significantly associated with average RNFL thickness (P ≥ 0.104). Conclusions: Thicker average retinal nerve fibre layer thickness was associated with greater rim and disc areas. Disc margin‐to‐scan distance was not significantly correlated with average retinal nerve fibre layer thickness in healthy myopic eyes.