2型糖尿病发生骨质疏松与NLR、RDW、MPV、UA、TBIL相关性研究

目的 探讨2型糖尿病患者发生骨质疏松与外周血中中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞（NLR）、红细胞分布宽度（RDW）、血小板平均分布宽度（MPV）、尿酸（UA）、总胆红素（TBIL）水平的相关性。方法 选取380例2型糖尿病患者进行骨密度（DEXA）检测,采用腰椎和左髋部两个部位的骨密度值,分为骨量正常组（n=91）、骨量减少组（n=140）以及骨质疏松症组（n=149）,记录性别、年龄、身高、体重、收缩压、舒张压、糖尿病病程等相关资料,测量空腹血糖（FBG）、糖化血红蛋白（HbAlc）、甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、高密度脂蛋白（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL-C）、NLR、RDW、MPV、UA、TBIL等指标水平,比较三组间的差异并进行相关性分析。结果 年龄、性别、BMI、NLR、RDW、MPV、UA、TBIL在三组间均存在统计学差异（P<0.05）,其中年龄、性别、NLR、RDW、MPV、UA与骨质疏松呈正相关,BMI、TBIL与骨质疏松呈负相关,多元Ordinal回归分析显示,年龄、NLR、UA为骨质疏松的危险因素（OR=2.208,1.013,P<0.05）,相比于男性,女性发生骨质疏松的风险性更大,同样为其危险因素;BMI、TBIL为骨质疏松的保护性因素（OR=0.470,0.420,P<0.05）。结论 年龄、女性、NLR、UA为骨质疏松的危险因素,BMI、TBIL为骨质疏松的保护性因素。     

新疆绝经后2型糖尿病女性患者脂质代谢与骨密度的关系

目的 探讨新疆绝经后2型糖尿病（T2DM）女性患者脂质代谢与骨密度（BMD）的关系。方法 纳入136例新疆绝经后女性,并分为糖耐量正常伴骨量正常组（对照组,26例）、糖耐量正常伴骨量异常组（骨量异常组,28例）、T2DM伴骨量正常组（T2DM组,27例）及T2DM伴骨量异常组（55例）。记录各组年龄、身高等基线资料,采用罗氏全自动生物化学分析仪测定血钙、血磷、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）、三酰甘油、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）,用双能X线测定腰椎L₁～L₄、股骨颈、髋关节BMD。结果 T2DM伴骨量异常组患者年龄、绝经年限均高于对照组（Z均=-2.54,P均<0.05）,骨量异常组、T2DM组各项基线指标与对照组相比差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。T2DM组和T2DM伴骨量异常组的空腹血糖（Z=-4.08、-5.87, P均<0.01）和糖化血红蛋白（Z=-4.59、-6.33,P均<0.01）水平均高于对照组;T2DM伴骨量异常组的脂质代谢指标三酰甘油低于对照组（Z=-2.01,P<0.05）。骨量异常组和T2DM伴骨量异常组腰椎L₁～L₄（Z=-6.23、-6.84, P均<0.01）、股骨颈（Z=-5.32、-4.30,P均<0.01）、髋关节（Z=-5.44、-5.00,P均<0.01）BMD均低于对照组。调整年龄、绝经年限混杂因素影响后行偏相关分析结果显示,82例绝经后T2DM女性患者的腰椎L₁～L₄、股骨颈、髋关节BMD与BMI（r=0.209、0.623、0.265,P=0.015、0.002、0.002）、三酰甘油（r=0.298、0.233、0.273,P<0.001、P=0.007、P=0.001）呈正相关,股骨颈、髋关节BMD与HDL-C呈负相关（r=-0.191、-0.200,P=0.027、0.021）。结论 在新疆绝经后T2DM女性患者中,HDL-C升高及三酰甘油降低与BMD下降有关,这可能促进了骨质疏松症的发生。     

血管紧张素Ⅱ受体拮抗剂对腹膜透析患者左心室肥厚的消退作用

目的 观察血管紧张素Ⅱ受体拮抗剂（ARB）对持续性非卧床腹膜透析（CAPD）高血压患者左心室肥厚和动脉硬化指数的影响。方法 65例接受CAPD患者,根据其服用降压药物不同分为ARB（缬沙坦）组（A组）和非血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂/ARB组（B组）两组,两组降压目标均为≤140mmHg/90mmHg,每间隔6个月定期至门诊随访,共随访24个月,即入选时（T₀）、6个月（T₆）、12个月（T₁₂）、18个月（T₁₈）、24个月（T₂₄）。于随访各时点记录两组患者的血压、血肌酐、脑钠肽、尿量、超滤和肌酐清除率及心脏超声测定左心室舒张末期内径、室间隔厚度、心胸比等,计算左心室质量指数（LVMI）。同时观察T₀、T₁₂和T₂₄时动态血压监测,测定血压变异率并通过一系列计算获取动态动脉硬化指数。结果 与基础值T₀比较,降压治疗第18个月后两组LVMI均明显下降（P<0.05）;与B组相应时点比较,A组T₆、T₁₂、T₁₈和T₂₄时点LVMI显著降低（P<0.05）。与各组基础值比较,治疗后心胸比值下降（P<0.05）;A组T₁₂、T₁₈和T₂₄时点心胸比和脑钠肽值较B组相应时点降低（P<0.05）。与B组比较,A组T₁₂和T₂₄时间点24h收缩压变异、24h舒张压变异和动脉硬化指数显著降低（P<0.05）。心力衰竭再次住院率A组（5.4%）显著低于B组（11.6%）。结论 ARB能促进其CAPD患者左心室肥厚的消退,降低血压变异和动脉硬化指数,可减少因心力衰竭再次住院发生率。     

低潮气量通气联合肺复张对妇科腹腔镜手术患者肺氧合功能及动脉血气的影响

目的 分析妇科腹腔镜手术中低潮气量通气联合肺复张对患者肺氧合功能及动脉血气的影响。方法 选取马鞍山市人民医院2018年3月至2019年9月择期腹腔镜妇科手术患者70例,采用随机数字表法分为低潮气量组(L组,n=35)和对照组(C组,n=35)。气管插管后L组给予低潮气量通气,术中间断行手控肺复张;C组给予常规潮气量通气。检测两组患者在入室时(T₀)、气腹后10分钟(T₁)、30分钟(T₂)、60分钟(T₃)及停止气腹后10分钟(T₄)时动脉血气;观察并比较T₀～T₄时两组患者平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)、呼末二氧化碳分压(PETCO₂)、气道峰压(Ppeak)、气道平台压(Pplat)、肺顺应性(CL)和术后通气相关不良反应,计算氧合指数(OI)和肺内分流率(Qs/Qt)情况。结果 L组T₂、T₃时MAP低于C组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);L组T₃时HR低于C组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);L组T₂、T₃时Ppeak、Pplat低于C组,T₂、T₃、T₄时CL高于C组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);L组T₁、T₂、T₃时二氧化碳分压(PaCO₂)、PETCO₂高于C组, T₂、T₃时Qs/Qt低于C组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后72 h内两组患者通气相关不良反应比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 妇科腹腔镜手术中,L通气联合肺复张能够有效改善患者肺氧合功能,降低肺内分流,维持内环境稳定。     

急性高容量血液稀释对肝切除手术患者肺换气功能的影响

目的 探讨急性高容量血液稀释（AHH）对肝脏切除手术患者肺换气功能的影响及可能机制。方法 选取2013年10月~2014年7月在笔者医院进行肝切除手术患者45例,将患者随机分为试验组（A组）和对照组（B组）,于全身麻醉气管插管后A组快速输注琥珀酰明胶行AHH;B组常规速度补液,记录两组围术期血流动力学指标、液体出入量、麻黄碱用量和术野Fromme评分;分别于术前（T₀）、AHH后30min （T₁）、AHH后6h （T₂）、AHH后24h （T₃）抽取动脉血行血气分析,计算肺泡-动脉氧分压差（A-aDO₂）和分流率（Qs/Qt）值,测定血浆IL-1β、IL-10、TNF-α浓度。结果 A组MAP在稀释后（硬膜外起效）、肿块切除后、术毕较平稳,B组则下降明显,A组稀释后CVP高于稀释前及B组同时相值（P<0.05）,但均值处于正常范围。A、B两组输液量、总出血量、尿量及术野Fromme评分比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,A组术中输血量及麻黄碱用量明显低于B组（P<0.05）。与T₀时比较,两组A-aDO₂在T₁、T₂、T₃升高（P<0.05）,且T₂、T₃时点A组A-aDO₂高于B组（P<0.05）;两组T₁、T₂、T₃时点的IL-1β、IL-10及TNF-α水平升高（P<0.05）;且T₂、T₃时点A组IL-1β、IL-10及TNF-α水平高于B组（P<0.05）。结论 急性高容量血液稀释用于肝脏切除手术可维持术中血流动力学相对稳定,但同时激发炎性反应和围术期肺换气功能障碍,是实施高容量血液稀释可能的潜在风险。     

右美托咪定对慢阻塞肺患者腔镜手术时氧合和无效腔的影响

目的 探讨右美托咪定对老年中度慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）患者择期行腹腔镜结直肠癌手术时氧合和无效腔通气的影响。方法 择期行腹腔镜结直肠癌手术COPD患者60例,按照随机数字表法分为两组（n=30）：右美托咪定组（D组）和对照组（C组）。D组诱导前静注右美托咪定0.5μg/kg（>10min）,随后0.3μg/（kg·h）泵注至术毕;C组给予相同容量的生理盐水。测定入室时（T₀）、气管插管成功后（T₁）、人工气腹体位后30min（T₂）和60min（T₃）动脉血气值。观察气管插管成功后（T₁）、人工气腹体位后30min（T₂）和60min（T₃）气道峰压（P_peak）、气道平台压（P_plat）和动态肺顺应性（C_dyn）,计算无效腔率（V_D/V_T）和氧合指数（OI）。结果 与C组比较,D组T₂和T₃时点氧合指数均升高（P<0.05,P<0.01）,P_peak下降和C_dyn显著升高（P<0.05,P<0.01）;而两组间pH、PaCO₂和P_plat比较差异无统计学意义。麻醉后D组V_D/V_T呈降低趋势,与C组比较,D组T₂和T₃时点V_D/V_T显著下降（P<0.05）。结论 右美托咪定术中输注可显著降低中度COPD患者的气道压力,降低无效腔通气率,改善肺内氧合。     

右美托咪定辅助臂丛麻醉的镇静效果及安全性

目的 观察右美托咪定辅助臂丛麻醉的镇静效果和安全性。方法 选取2014年2月至2015年10月上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院行臂丛麻醉手术的120例患者为研究对象,采用随机双盲法分为A、B、C组,每组40例。A组术前予静脉注射咪达唑仑0.04 mg/kg;B组在阻滞前10 min静脉泵入0.5μg/kg右美托咪定,10 min泵完;C组在阻滞前10 min静脉泵入0.5μg/kg右美托咪定,10 min泵完,同时术前静脉注射咪达唑仑0.04 mg/kg。记录3组患者给药前（T₀）、给药10 min后（T₁）、20 min后（T₂）、30 min后（T₃）、60 min后（T₄）以及手术结束时（T₅）的心率（HR）、平均动脉压（MAP）、血氧饱和度（SpO₂）及警觉/镇静（OAA/S）评分。结果 与B、C两组比较,A组患者的感觉完全阻滞时间、运动完全阻滞时间显著缩短,差异有统计学意义（F=5.133、5.849,P=0.007、0.004）。与给药前（T₀）HR、MAP和OAA/S评分相比,A组仅T₁时显著降低,C组T₁～T₄均显著降低（P均<0.05）;B组各个时刻均保持平稳（P均>0.05）;组间上述各指标比较,A组患者T₁时刻低于B组,C组患者T₁～T₄时刻均低于B组,且T₂～T₄时刻低于A组（P均<0.05）;3组的SpO₂比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;C组患者术中因心率减慢而给予阿托品治疗的例数多于A、B两组,差异有统计学意义（χ²=7.50,P=0.02）。结论 右美托咪定辅助臂丛神经阻滞具有较高的镇静效果和安全性能。     

膝关节半月板热身运动前后磁共振T2时间变化研究

目的 通过比较分析热身运动前后膝关节半月板磁共振T₂时间的变化,探讨利用T₂时间变化反映热身运动前后半月板变化的可行性。方法 选择40例无膝关节相关症状的志愿者,其中男性15例,女性25例;患者年龄22~30岁,平均年龄26.32±2.1岁。在同等强度的热身运动前后对每位志愿者行右膝关节的MR T₂ mapping序列成像,分别测量内、外侧半月板前角、后角、体部的T₂时间,采用配对t检验比较热身运动前后膝关节半月板T₂时间变化。结果 热身运动后膝关节半月板各个部位的T₂值均增高（P=0.000）;外侧半月板体部T₂值增高幅度小于内侧半月板前角（P<0.05）、内侧半月板后角（P<0.05）及外侧半月板前角（P<0.05）。结论 热身运动可以增加膝关节半月板T₂时间,提示可以增加半月板内含水量,改善半月板的生理活性,对半月板起到一定的保护作用;MR T₂ mapping成像技术可以评价运动前后半月板T₂时间,是评估半月板的1项可靠手段。     

纳布啡在腹腔镜胆囊切除术预防性镇痛中的疗效分析

目的 观察纳布啡预防性镇痛对腹腔镜胆囊切除术后患者疼痛、苏醒时间及拔管时间的影响。方法 选取2018年1月—2019年5月在徐州医科大学附属淮安医院全身麻醉下行腹腔镜胆囊切除手术的患者90例。按随机数字表法分为3组，每组30例。于术前15 min静脉注射，分为纳布啡0.1 mg/kg（N1组）、纳布啡0.2 mg/kg（N2组）和生理盐水5 ml（NS组）。分析比较3组麻醉苏醒时间、拔管时间及拔管后Ramsay评分，以及术后2 h（T₁）、4 h（T₂）、8 h（T₃）、24 h（T₄）、48 h（T₅）及72 h（T₆）静息状态下和活动时疼痛数字评分法（NRS）评分、补救镇痛用量及术后不良反应发生情况。结果 N2组苏醒时间、拔管时间较NS组减少（P <0.05）。3组T₁、T₂、T₃、T₄、T₅、T₆静息状态下和活动时NRS在不同时间、不同组间及变化趋势上有差异（P <0.05）。与NS比较，N2组术后首次补救镇痛时间延长（P <0.05），补救镇痛总量减少（P <0.05）。NS组恶心、呕吐等不良反应发生率高于N1组和N2组（P <0.05）。结论 纳布啡预防性镇痛能够有效缓解腹腔镜胆囊切除术后患者的疼痛，不良反应少，0.2 mg/kg较0.1 mg/kg纳布啡预防性镇痛效果更好。     

荣筋片结合低频脉冲电磁场干预绝经后女性骨质疏松骨痛及行为能力的临床观察

[目的] 通过观察荣筋片结合低频脉冲电磁场干预绝经后女性骨质疏松疼痛及行为能力的疗效,探讨临床上针对骨质疏松骨痛症的一些治疗方案。[方法] 90例绝经后女性骨质疏松症患者随机分为3组,分别为基本药物组、基本药物加低频脉冲电磁场组、基本药物加荣筋片结合低频脉冲电磁场组,每组各30例,观察视觉类比量表(ＶAＳ)评分,日常生活状态(BPI)及健康状况(SF-36)评分,并进行治疗前后及组间比较。[结果] 3组VAS、BPI、SF-36均有改善(P<0.05),基本药物加荣筋片结合低频脉冲电磁场组改善最显著(P<0.05)。[结论] 中药结合低频脉冲电磁场可以有效缓解绝经后女性骨质疏松的骨痛症状、提高自主行为能力,可作为骨质疏松治疗中的方案之一。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.