肝癌伴门静脉高压症的一期手术治疗

目的　评价一期肝癌切除和门静脉高压症手术的疗效。 方法　回顾性分析１９９３ 年３月至１９９６ 年１２ 月同期进行肝癌切除和门静脉高压症手术３０ 例。 结果　术后１ 、２ 、３ 年绝对生存率分别为２２／２９（７６ ％ ） 、１７／２５（６８ ％ ） 、１０／２２（４６ ％ ） 。其中小肝癌分别为８／９（８９ ％ ） 、８／９（８９ ％ ） 、５／７（７１ ％ ） ;大肝癌和多发性癌分别为１４／２０（７０ ％ ） 、９／１６（５６ ％ ） 、５／１５（３３ ％ ） 。术后发生上消化道出血３例。随访中死亡１２ 例,死亡原因：肝癌复发７ 例,肝功能衰竭４ 例,上消化道大出血１ 例。其中２ 例为手术死亡,手术死亡率７ ％ 。 结论　该手术方便实用,但要注意适应症选择,小肝癌切除联合贲门周围血管离断疗效良好,大肝癌和多发性肝癌宜选用创伤小的术式。     

前列腺癌130例治疗分析

为了提高前列腺癌的治疗效果，从１９８９年１月至１９９５年５月，分别采用去势治疗和根治手术治疗前列腺癌１０７例和２３例，观察随访２～７８个月，平均３１５个月，随访率７３８％。根治术组的１、２、３、５年生存率分别为７１４％、６６７％、５００％和３３３％，去势组则分别为６７９％、５１２％、２９７％和１０８％。两组死亡病例的生存期平均为１７４和２６０个月，但根治术组的病例生存质量较差。结果认为：根治手术提高了生存率，但一定程度降低了生存质量。主张对于Ａ期患者，采用前列腺包膜内切除，分化差的小肿瘤及时行根治手术；Ｂ期患者，只要患者条件允许，根治最为适宜；Ｃ１期患者，预期寿命长，亦可采用根治术；Ｃ２期和Ｄ期患者仅适用去势治疗。     

取栓术和栓塞化疗在提高合并门静脉癌栓肝癌手术疗效中？…

目的 探讨肝癌合并门静脉癌栓的手术疗效,评价术中门静脉癌栓取出术和术后辅助肝动脉栓塞化疗对提高肝癌术后生存率的影响。方法 对１０６例肝癌合并门静脉癌栓接受不规则性肝叶切除术的病人进行临床分组研究,分别采用单纯手术切除;手术切除加术中取栓术、术中取栓术后辅助肝动脉栓塞化疗,比较各组的疗效。结果 全组病人的１,３和５年生存率分别为３６．１％,２４．７％和２４．７％。单纯手术切除组（１例）的１、３、和５     

肺癌全肺切除124例治疗总结

１９８２．１０～１９９１．１２我们行全肺切除术治疗肺癌１２４例，占同期肺癌外科治疗的１５．１％。其中心包内处理血管８８例，占７１％。手术死亡率０．８％。术后并发症３．２％，无支气管胸膜瘘发生。术后５年生存率为２７．７％，其中非小细胞癌５年生存率３５．１％，未分化小细胞癌无１例生存满５年者。晚期肺癌心包内处理血管是安全的，能提高手术切除率。对ＩＩＩ期未分化小细胞癌是否施行全肺切除，提出探讨。     

肝门部胆管癌103例外科治疗远期疗效的评析

作者回顾总结了１９８６年１月～１９９６年１月十年间行手术治疗的１０３例肝门部胆管癌的临床特征、手术方式和远期生存率等。１０３例肝门胆管癌行手术切除者６６例,非切除者行胆管内外引流者３７例,总手术切除率为６４．１％。手术死亡率２．９％。手术切除组中行根治性切除者３６例,姑息性切除者３０例。根治性切除者１、３、５年的生存率分别为：９６．７％、２３．３％和１３．３％,最长生存者至今已达８年。而姑息性切除者３年生存率仅为３．８％,无５年生存者。作者提出新的肝门部胆管癌的临床分型法。发现肝门部胆管癌的组织类型及分化程度,与肿瘤浸润及转移特征密切相关,分化程度越差其预后亦越差。     

33例复发性腹膜后肉瘤的治疗及其预后

目的探讨复发性腹膜后肉瘤的治疗方法及其预后。方法回顾性分析１９７２年～１９９６年收治的３３例复发性腹膜后肉瘤的临床资料。结果１７例（５１５％）患者在首次复发时完整切除肿瘤;２、３、１例患者分别在首次、２次和３次复发时进行联合脏器切除。共１４例患者术后接受不同剂量的放疗和化疗。对２９例患者进行６个月至１２年的随访,其中１５例（５１７％）死亡,７例生存５年以上,２例生存１０年以上。１、３、５年生存率分别为８５７％,５４９％和４２３％。结论外科手术切除肿瘤是提高复发性肉瘤生存率最重要的手段,联合脏器切除能提高肿瘤完整切除率,对多次复发的肿瘤不应放弃手术机会,放疗和化疗对复发性肉瘤可起一定的控制作用。病理类型为高分化脂肪肉瘤者,预后优于患其他类型肉瘤者     

肝癌多模式治疗的远期疗效

作者报道了过去３０年间收治的２３８８例经病理证实的原发性肝癌多模式治疗的远期疗效。手术切除（ｎ＝１６５０）后５年、１０年生存率分别为３９．３％、２９．２％，其中小肝癌（≤５ｃｍ，ｎ＝５６９）为６１．９％、４５．４％。液氮局部冷冻（ｎ＝１９１）后５年生存率为３７．９％，其中小肝癌（ｎ＝５６）为５３．１％。不能切除肝癌缩小后二期切除（ｎ＝７１）５年生存率为６６．０％。肝癌复发再切除（ｎ＝１４７）后５年生存率为３４．５％。全组生存５年以上２１４例，其中小肝癌１１３例（占５２．８％），生存１０年以上５７例。本结果表明，早期发现小肝癌、早期手术切除是可使患者获得长期生存，二期切除可能是提高不能切除肝癌疗效的重要途径，对根治性切除术后亚临床复发和转移的再手术能进一步提高疗效。     

171例巨大肝癌手术切除治疗体会

目的 探讨肝切除巨大肝癌的安全性和可行性。方法 回顾性总结切除巨大肝癌１７例的治疗结果,对肝切除治疗巨大肝癌应注意的一些问题进行了讨论。结果 肝切除治疗巨大肝癌１７１例中的常术后１个月内死亡２例（１．２％）,术后１、２、３、５和０年生存率分别为６６．１％、４２．１％、３２．７％、１２．２％和２．３％,说明肝切除对延长巨大肝癌患者生存时间的效果是明显的。结论肝切除治疗巨大肝癌是安全可行而且有效的。     

紧贴肝门大血管的肝癌切除术

探讨紧贴肝门大血管的肝癌手术经验与提高术后疗效。方法自１９９０年１月至１９９７年６月间,经作者手术切除的肝门区肿瘤中,选择了紧贴肝内主干血管１ｃｍ以内的肝癌５８例,肿瘤直径≤５ｃｍ１６例,〉５ｃｍ４２,最大者为２０ｃｍ＊１８ｃｍ＊１８ｃｍ,对其手术方法,并发症防治等进行总结分析。结果全组病例手术经过顺利,随访至今,术后１、３、５年生存率分别为７１％、３８％和２５％。结论虽然此类手术难度大,风险大,     

中晚期胃发性肝脏恶性肿瘤291例临床研究

本文收集原发性中晚期肝脏恶性肿瘤２９１例，均经手术，病检所证实。其中Ｉ期肝切除１３３例，Ｉ期肝切除率４５．７％，手术死亡率３．７６％，１，３，５年生存率分别为７７．８％，３８．９％，１６．７％，８例已生存７年以上，其中３例已生存１０年以上，至今尚存活。１０９例不能切除肝癌的综合性治疗，其中８２例行血管栓塞治疗，全部病例肿瘤均有不同程度缩小，１２／２０例缩小１／３以上，以瓷粉栓塞效果最佳，一年以上的     

The management of second primary lung cancers. A single centre experience in 15 years.

OBJECTIVE: In patients treated for an initial lung cancer, the cumulative risk of developing a second primary lung cancer is a recognised occurrence. This study reviews our experience in the clinical assessment and surgical management of second primary lung cancer (SPLC). METHODS: Between 1985-1999 a series of 892 patients with primary carcinoma of lung underwent surgical resection with curative intent in our institution. Using criteria set out by Martini and Melamed (J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 70 (1975) 606) we were able to identify 51 patients who had developed a SPLC identified as the first site of re-occurrence. RESULTS: Forty-one patients developed a metachronous SPLC within a mean of 46+/-14 months of the first operation while ten patients had synchronous double lung cancer (six unilateral, four bilateral). The cumulative probability of cancer free interval for metachronous cancers was 39% at 3 years, 15% at 5 years and 2% at 10 years. There were three postoperative deaths among the metachronous cancers (7.5%) and there were no operative deaths among patients with synchronous cancers. The overall actuarial 5-year survival for all patients with SPLC was 38% with a median survival of 40 months (range 1-142 months). The actuarial 5-year survival for metachronous SPLC was 44%, median survival of 49 months (range 1-142 months), while the actuarial 5-years survival for synchronous SLPC was 10% with a median survival of 31 months (range 4-78 months). CONCLUSION: Aggressive assessment and surgical intervention is safe, effective and warranted in patients with a second lung primary cancer if they satisfy the usual criteria of operability after full assessment. This is true for patients with metachronous cancers, while patients with synchronous cancers tend to have worse prognosis. A long term follow-up policy after the initial resection of the primary lung cancer is recommended at intervals of 6 months for at least 3-5 years and then annually to enable the early detection of the second cancer.     

Surgical treatment for multiple colorectal metastases: efficacy of ablation therapy

Either hepatic resection, microwave coagulonecrotic therapy (MCN), or a combination of liver resection and MCN was performed in 166 patients with liver metastases from colorectal cancer. In 53 patients who underwent liver resection, the 1-, 3-, and 5-year actual survival rates were 85.0%, 51.2%, and 42.2%, respectively. In 77 who underwent MCN, the 1-, 3-, and 5-year actual survival rates were 82.8%, 46.7%, and 36.0%, respectively. In 34 who underwent both liver resection and MCN, the 1-, 3-, and 5-year actual survival rates were 84.2%, 41.6%, and 21.1%, respectively. The survival rates among the three groups did not differ significantly. Of 166 patients with liver metastases, 44 showed multiple liver metastases (H3). Of 44 patients with multiple liver metastases, 27 underwent MCN (mean tumor diameter 27.2 mm, mean number of tumors 11.2), and the 1-, 3-, and 5-year actual survival rates were 73.1%, 31.3%, and 25.1%, respectively. Of 44 patients with multiple liver metastases, 17 underwent both liver resection and MCN (mean tumor diameter 41.9mm, mean number of tumors 8.1), and the 1-, 3-, and 5-year actual survival rates were 66.3% and 14.7%, respectively. To perform MCN more effectively in the treatment of liver metastases, surgical margins around tumors should be from 10 mm to 15 mm, and both the feeding artery and drainage vein should be coagulated before MCN.     

Liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma on cirrhosis: univariate and multivariate analysis of risk factors for intrahepatic recurrence

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate prognostic factors that could affect disease-free survival and recurrence after liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) on cirrhosis. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Tumor recurrence is the main cause of poor survival after liver resection for HCC on cirrhosis. METHODS: Two hundred twenty-four liver resections for HCC on cirrhosis were retrospectively reviewed. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed on several clinicopathologic variables to analyze factors affecting long-term outcome and intrahepatic recurrence. The relation between preoperative aminotransferase level and recurrence rate was evaluated in the overall group, and separately in HCV-positive and in HBsAg-positive patients. Median follow-up was 35.6 months. RESULTS: The 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival rates were 83%, 62.8%, and 42.5%, respectively. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year disease-free survival rates were 70.3%, 43%, and 27.4%, respectively. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year recurrence rates were 20.8%, 38.6%, and 54.4% respectively. Tumor recurrence appeared in 93 patients (41.5%) and was the main cause of death in 51 patients (56%). Number of nodules, tumor capsule, microvascular portal vein thrombosis, and preoperative serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level significantly affected disease-free survival and recurrence rates. On multivariate analysis, single nodules and preoperative AST level less than twice normal (2N) were related to a better 5-year disease-free survival and lower tumor recurrence. In particular, among HCV-positive patients the recurrence rate was strongly affected by the preoperative AST level. CONCLUSIONS: Child A patients with single nodules are the best candidates for liver resection. Tumor recurrence is strictly linked to the status of the underlying liver disease, and a preoperative AST level equal to 2N seems to be a sensitive cutoff among patients with different risks of recurrence. HCV-positive patients with AST levels above 2N have the highest risk for intrahepatic recurrence and should be monitored carefully or offered alternative treatments.     

Pediatric liver transplantation: the University of Padua experience

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to analyze experience on pediatric liver transplantation (LT) between June 1993 and September 2006, including split liver transplantation (SLT), living donor liver transplantation (LDLT), and auxiliary partial orthotopic liver transplantation (APOLT). Furthermore, hepatocyte transplantation (HT) had a role in one patient with metabolic disease. METHODS: From November 1990 to September 2006, 657 LTs were performed including 63 pediatric LTs (9.6%) in 57 patients (32 boys and 25 girls). Six were retransplantations (9.5%). Thirty-two patients (57%) were younger than 5 years. The types of graft included the following: 26 whole organs (41%), 32 in situ split organs (51%), 4 reduced-size organs (6%), and 1 graft from a living donor (2%). Two patients received an APOLT, 4 patients received a combined kidney-liver transplantation (CKLT), and 1 patient received HT. Of the 63 pediatric LTs, 16 were behaved to be highly urgent (25%). RESULTS: Overall 1-, 3-, 5-, and 10-year patient survival rates were 82%, 82%, 78%, and 78%, respectively. Overall 1-, 3-, 5-, and 10-year graft survival rates were 76%, 76%, 72%, and 72%, respectively. In patients younger than 1 year, the 5-year survival rate was 100%. Perioperative mortality was 8.8%. Vascular complications occurred in 4 patients (6.3%). Six children required retransplantation due to primary nonfunction (PNF) in 4 cases (7%) and vascular thrombosis in 2 cases (3.5%). CONCLUSIONS: Cholestatic liver disease and age younger than 1 year were the best prognostic factors for excellent survival.     

结肠癌同时性肝转移同期手术与分期手术的疗效比较

目的：对比结肠癌同时性肝转移行同期手术与分期手术切除转移灶的疗效。方法：回顾性分析36例结肠癌同时性肝转移患者的临床资料,其中16例行结肠癌根治术同时切除肝转移病灶（同期手术组）;20例先行结肠癌根治性切除、二期行肝转移病灶切除（分期手术组）。比较两组患者的1,3,5年生存率。结果：同期手术组患者1,3,5年生存率分别为87.5%,37.5%,18.8%,分期手术组患者1,3,5年生存率分别为65%,10.0%,0.0%。两组比较,1年生存率差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,同期手术组3,5年生存率明显高于分期手术组（均P<0.05）。结论：结肠癌同时性肝转移行同期手术可延长患者生存时间。

     

First-line liver resection and salvage liver transplantation are increasing therapeutic strategies for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and child a cirrhosis

AIM: The present study focused on nine patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) associated with Child A liver cirrhosis undergoing first-line liver resection and salvage liver transplantation (SLT) for liver tumor recurrence. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Forty-six patients with HCC underwent liver transplantation (OLT); 37 (80.5%) were primary liver transplantations (PLTs) and 9 (19.5%) were SLTs. All patients who underwent SLT received minor transabdominal liver resections. RESULTS: The posttransplant 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival rates for SLT (88.9%, 88.9%, and 88.9%) were similar to those for PLT (78%, 62.7%, and 62.7%). Four (10.8%) patients in the PLT group had HCC recurrence, while there was zero recurrence in the SLT group. The 1-, 3-, 5-year disease-free survival rates for PLT (89%, 74%, and 74%) were similar to those for SLT (100%, 100%, and 100%). The 1-, 3-, 5-year disease-free survival rates after PLT were 89%, 74%, and 74%, and after SLT were 100%, 100%, and 100%, respectively. The operative mortality, intraperioperative bleeding, operative time, intensive care unit stay, in-hospital stay, and overall incidence of postoperative complications were similar in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: In our experience, SLT for HCC is a feasible procedure with similar results in terms of overall survival, disease-free survival, and postoperative complications to those reported for patients who underwent PLT at our institute. An important role exists for SLT as shown by the fact that such a strategy has been used in the 20% of the patients undergoing OLT for HCC.     

High mortality rate in patients with advanced liver disease independent of exposure to general anesthesia

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the survival of patients with advanced liver disease to determine if known exposure to general anesthesia within a 5-year period has a measurable effect on mortality. DESIGN: Retrospective survival analysis of male veterans with advanced liver disease. SETTING: Tertiary referral VA Medical Center and university-affiliated teaching hospital. MEASUREMENTS: One hundred twenty-seven patients with a history of alcoholic cirrhosis and documented hepatitis C infection and stable platelet counts were identified and then divided into 3 groups. The 5-year survival rates in all 3 groups were compared using Kaplan-Meier survival curves. MAIN RESULTS: Ninety patients had marked thrombocytopenia (<100000/mm3). Their survival rates with and without known exposure to general anesthesia were compared with those of control subjects with alcoholic cirrhosis and hepatitis C infection but with platelet counts greater than 100000/mm3. The 5-year survival rate of 57% in the group that received general anesthesia was comparable to the 58% rate observed in the group without this exposure. Both groups' rates were statistically lower than the 5-year survival rate of 77% in the group with advanced liver disease but without thrombocytopenia. CONCLUSION: Comparably high mortality rates were observed in patients with advanced liver disease with or without exposure to general anesthesia. Higher survival rates were noted in patients with advanced liver disease who were not thrombocytopenic.     

Pulmonary Resection for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma

BACKGROUND: This study was designed to determine the clinical characteristics and verify the results of surgical treatment for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), from the results of retrospective analysis of the cases. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed our database of 751 patients who underwent curative surgical intervention for NSCLC from January 1993 to December 2006 and found 11 patients with NSCLC with coexisting or previously treated HCC at a perioperative period of lung cancer surgery. Postoperative complications and long-term outcome were analyzed. RESULTS: All cases had coexisting liver cirrhosis. The overall morbidity was 27.2% (n = 3). All complications were considered to be the result of liver cirrhosis-related conditions, such as liver failure (n = 2), postoperative bleeding from the thoracic tube (n = 2), and gastrointestinal bleeding (n = 1). There was no operative mortality. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates of patients with lung cancer were 88.9%, 74.1%, and 74.1%, respectively. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates for death from hepatic causes were 79.5%, 79.5%, and 39.8%, respectively. Overall survival rates were 70.7%, 58.9%, and 29.5%, respectively. Preoperative indicators of liver function, such as serum values of total bilirubin (P < 0.01), choline esterase (P < 0.05), prothrombin test (P < 0.01), and platelet count (P < 0.05), were significantly correlated with long-term survival, whereas local extensiveness and nodal stage of lung cancer were not. DISCUSSION: We conclude that postoperative complications and factors that influence long-term survival are correlated with the severity of impaired liver function, whereas early and mid term death are the result of lung cancer. Standard operation is encouraged for NSCLC when the patient is expected to live more than 3 years with impaired liver function, even if coexisting with HCC.     

Management of involved or close resection margins in 120 patients with colorectal liver metastases: edge cryotherapy can achieve long-term survival

BACKGROUND: The liver resection margin is prognostically significant for patients with colorectal liver metastases. Management plans for patients with suboptimal resection margins have not been adequately addressed. This article reports the long-term results of edge cryotherapy in 120 patients with suboptimal resection margins. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected clinical data of 120 patients with suboptimal hepatic resection margins was performed. Morbidity, mortality, recurrence, and survival results were analyzed. RESULTS: The median length follow-up was 30 months (range 1 to 139). The median disease-free interval was 19 months (range 2 to 139). Cryosite, remaining liver, and extrahepatic recurrence rates were 10%, 36%, and 47%, respectively. The median survival was 39 months (range 1 to 139), and 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates were 89%, 55%, and 36%, respectively. Cryosite and extrahepatic recurrence were independently associated with a reduced survival outcome. COMMENTS: Edge cryotherapy to suboptimal liver resection margins can achieve a lower local recurrence rate and a longer survival advantage.     

早-中期原发性肝癌三种不同治疗方法的疗效比较:附428例分析

目的 比较三种不同方法治疗早-中期原发性肝癌的效果.方法 回顾性分析本中心自2004年4月至2010年7月治疗的428例早-中期原发性肝癌的临床资料,根据治疗方法的不同分为三组:手术切除(A)组231例、射频消融治疗(B)组63例、肝移植(C)组134例.比较三组患者的1、3、5年累计生存率及复发率.结果 A组1、3、5年累计生存率分别为93.3%、71.9%、57.2%;B组为86.7%、46.5%、38.8%;C组为95.7%、78.3%、72.1%.A组1、3、5年累计复发率分别为30.3%、49.7%、68.6%;B组为39.3%、58.7%、79.3%;C组为7.0%、12.1%、12.1%.三组患者生存率及复发率差异显著.C组5年生存率显著高于A、B两组(P<0.01,P<0.001).C组1、3、5年复发率均显著低于A组和B组(P<0.001).A组与B组复发率无显著差异.结论 肝移植治疗早-中期原发性肝癌可获得较好的5年生存率及较低的近、远期肿瘤复发率,可作为首选治疗方案.

Abstract：

Objective To compare the curative results of three different therapies for earlyintermediate stage primary liver cancer. Methods The data of 428 patients with early-intermediate stage primary liver cancer treated with one of three curative therapies from April 2004 to July 2010 in our center were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were divided non-randomly into three groups: group A liver-cancer resection (n = 231), group B radio-frequency ablation (RFA) (n = 63), and group C liver transplantation (n=134). The 1-, 3-, 5-year accululative survival and recurrence rate in each group were compared. Results The accumulative 1-, 3-, 5-year survival rates were 93.3%, 71.9%, 57.2% for group A; 86.7%, 46.5%, 38.8% for group B; 95.7%, 78.3%, 72.1% for group C,respectively. The 1-, 3-, 5-year recurrence rates were 30. 3% , 49. 7%, 68. 6% for group A; 39. 3% , 58. 7% , 79. 3% for group B; 7. 0% , 12. 1% , 12. 1% for group C,respectively. There was a highly significant difference between groups A, B and C in the survival rates and the recurrence rates. The 5-year survival rate was significantly higher for group C than group A and group B (P<0. 01, P<0. 001), and the recurrence rate of 1, 3, 5-years were significantly lower for group C than for group A and B (P<0. 001). Conclusion Liver transplantation was the most effective therapy for the early-intermediate stage primary liver cancer.