隐匿性乙型肝炎二例

患者女,50岁,因尿黄10 d,纳差、恶心、乏力1周于2007年8月13日入院.患者无发热、腹痛,外院查ALT1017 U/L,AST 498 U/L,TBil 218.48 μmol/L.患者既往体健,家族中无遗传性疾病史,发病前4周内无用药和饮酒史.体格检查:无慢性肝病体征,皮肤巩膜明显黄染,腹平软,肝脾未触及,腹水征阴性,双下肢无水肿.入院后查Alb 40.3 g/L,ALT 882 U/L,AST 432 U/L,TBil239.8 μmol/L,DBil 144.3μmol/L,HBsAg、抗-HBs、HBeAg阴性,抗-HBe、抗-HBc阳性,甲、丙、戊型肝炎抗体均阴性,HBV DNA＜500 U/ml.超声示:肝实质受损表现、胆囊炎.     

慢性乙型肝炎伴AFP显著增高1例

正患者,男,50岁。因"发现HBsAg阳性20年,乏力、纳差2周"入院(2016-06-13)。患者20年前体检发现HBsAg阳性,当时肝功能正常,平素无自觉不适,未特殊诊治。入科次日查肝功能:TBil 40.8μmol/L,DBil 19.0μmol/L,ALT139 U/L,AST181 U/L,Alb 31.9 g/L;AFP 7 480.1μg/L;HBV-M:HBsAg、抗-HBe、抗-HBc阳性;HBV DNA9.95×10~7拷贝/mL;B超示:肝区回声粗密欠均,胆囊壁毛糙。查体:神志清楚,全身     

慢加急性肝衰竭合并呼吸道病毒感染伴咯血1例报告

正1病例资料患者男性,43岁,因"腹胀、乏力、厌油10 d"于2015年7月10日转入兰州大学第一医院。患者入院前无明显诱因出现腹胀、乏力、厌油,伴有尿黄,就诊于当地医院查肝功能示:HBsA g阳性、TBil 240.1μmol/L、DBil 170.9μmol/L、IBil 69.2μmol/L、ALT 1364 U/L、AST 860 U/L,给予复方甘草酸苷、腺苷     

苯巴比妥致慢性肝炎患者严重过敏1例报告

患者,男,69岁,住院号011039。因腹胀、目黄、尿黄伴乏力半年于2001年10月23日入院,HBV-M检查示“小三阳”;HBV DNA<10~3Copies/ml;肝功能示:TBil 56.2μmol/L,IBil46.9μmol/L、AST 50U/L、ALT 27U/L、白蛋白34g/L。诊断为慢性乙型肝炎(中度)。给予胸腺肽、门冬氨酸钾镁、肝     

经颈静脉肝内门体分流术中并发肝动脉-胆管瘘1例报告

<正>1病例资料患者女性,60岁,因"皮肤瘙痒6个月,黑便、呕血2个月,再发1 d"于2017年11月于本院就诊。该患者入院6个月前,因皮肤瘙痒于本院就诊,实验室检查示:TBil 38. 2μmol/L,DBil23. 8μmol/L,ALT 78 U/L,AST 82 U/L,ALP 504 U/L,GGT 45U/L; Ig G 14. 2 g/L,Ig M 1220 mg/L,抗线粒体M2抗体阳性。腹     

e抗原阴性慢性乙型肝炎合并垂体瘤卒中一例

患者,女性,48岁,因“乏力、厌食、尿黄15d,头痛、恶心10d,加重4d”于2007年6月14日入院。既往发现HBsAg阳性20年,母亲、兄妹及儿子均HBsAg阳性。闭经2年。2007年5月30日始无明显诱因出现乏力、厌食、尿黄,无皮肤瘙痒和陶土样便。5d后出现头痛,以前额、颞部为重,恶心,无呕吐。无发热,无眼眶痛、腰痛,无尿少。6月6日外院检查示HBsAg、抗-HBe、抗-HBc阳性;ALT679U/L,AST466U/L,ALP99U/L,GGT247U/L,TBA7.5μmol/L,TBil42.2μmol/L,DBil21.8μmol/L;胃肠钡透示胃炎。予促肝细胞生长素及甘草酸二铵治疗。6月10日症状明显加重,高…     

Gilbert综合征1例

患者,男性,27岁。因反复乏力、纳差、尿黄14年于2000年2月16日入院。患者于1986年8月始无明显诱因出现乏力、纳差、尿黄。在当地医院多次查肝功能除总胆红素升高外,其余指标正常,总胆红素最高达126.5μmol/L。拟诊“肝炎”,予以治疗多次,病情缓解后均自动停止治疗。病前无明确“病毒性肝炎”病史,无肝病家族史。入院时查体皮肤巩膜中度黄染,无肝掌及蜘蛛痣。肝右锁骨中线肋下未及,脾于左肋下3.5cm,质中。实验室检查:血常规正常,肝功能:Alb 47g/L,G/L 28g/L,TBil 98.2μmol/L,IBil 92.6μmol/L,DBil 5.6μmol/L,ALT27U/L,HBVM示抗-HBs( )外,余全部阴性.抗-HCV,抗     

巨细胞病毒性肝炎四例

例 1　张×× ,男 38岁 ,工人。因食欲不振、乏力 ,尿黄 2 0天入院。查体 :全身皮肤、粘膜中度黄染 ,心肺无异常 ,腹软 ,肝肋下 1 5cm ,质软压痛、叩击痛 ,脾肋下未触及。肝功 :ALT 85 4U /L ,AST 2 92 4U/L ,ALB 4 5 g/L ,TBil 136 3μmol/L ;乙肝五项、抗 -HAV、抗 -HCV、抗 -HEV阴性 ,抗 -CMVIgM阳性 ,B超示肝脏急性肝炎改变 ,诊断巨细胞病毒肝炎(急性黄疸型 )。给予护肝、降酶、退黄等综合治疗 1月 ,治愈出院。例 2　李× ,女 ,2 6岁 ,护士 ,因纳差、乏力 1月 ,入院。查体 :心肺无异常 ,肝脾不大 ,肝区叩击痛。肝功 :AL…     

急性戊型肝炎并甲状腺功能亢进一例

患者,女性,29岁.因乏力、纳差、尿黄7天,于2006年12月21日入院.人院体检:巩膜、皮肤黄染,无肝掌及蜘蛛痣,甲状腺无肿大,双手震颤(一),余无异常.肝功:TBil 95.2μmol/L,DBil62.2μmol/L,ALT 279U/L,AST 95U/L,AKP159U/L,y-GT 114U/L,PT 11.5秒.     

肝活检病理漏诊肝硬化失代偿8年后AFP阴性肝癌1例

患者,男,58岁,乏力纳差腹胀尿黄伴肝区不适9年,于2014年7月3日第9次以”乙型肝炎肝硬化失代偿,肝占位”收入我院。缘于2006年3月7日因乏力纳差尿黄腹胀,在院外中药治疗1年无效,肝生化指标示：TBil 234μmol／L,Alb 30 g／L,ALT 183 U／L,AST 156 U／L,肌酐127μmol／L,尿素氮10．5 mmol／L,尿酸367μmol／L,乙型肝炎标记物示HBsAg、抗 HBe、抗 HBc 阳性;HBV DNA 6×105拷贝／mL;B超：肝硬化大量腹水,门静脉高压。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.